JP5042380B2 - 半導体素子およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
半導体素子およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims description 64
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 313
- 229910002704 AlGaN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 42
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 23
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000002488 metal-organic chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 7
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- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010038 TiAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002248 hydride vapour-phase epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000116 mitigating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
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Description
(1)サファイア下地基板上に単結晶AlN層を有するAlNテンプレート基板上に、超格子歪緩衝層を含むバッファと、複数の窒化物半導体層を含む機能積層体とを具える半導体素子であって、前記機能積層体は、前記バッファ側にn型またはi型である第1のAlxGa1−xN層(0≦x<1)を有し、前記バッファと前記機能積層体との間に、前記第1のAlxGa1−xN層とAl組成が略等しいp型不純物を含むAlzGa1−zN調整層(x−0.05≦z≦x+0.05、0≦z<1)を具え、前記バッファは、少なくとも前記機能積層体側にAlαGa1−αN層(0≦α≦1)を含み、該AlαGa1−αN層のAl組成αと、前記第1のAlxGa1−xN層のAl組成xとの差が、0.1以上であることを特徴とする半導体素子。
図1は、本発明に従う半導体素子100の一例の模式的断面図を示したものである。
本発明に従う半導体素子100は、図1に示すように、基板1上に、バッファ2と、複数の窒化物半導体層を含む機能積層体3とを具え、この機能積層体3は、バッファ2側にn型またはi型である第1のAlxGa1−xN層(0≦x<1)4を有し(図1ではn型)、バッファ2と機能積層体3との間に、第1のAlxGa1−xN層4とAl組成が略等しいp型不純物を含むAlzGa1−zN調整層(x−0.05≦z≦x+0.05、0≦z<1)5(以下、単に「調整層5」ともいう)を具えることを特徴とし、かかる構成を有することにより、バッファ2で改善された平坦性および結晶性を、有効に機能積層体3に引き継がせることで、機能積層体3の平坦性および結晶性を良好とすることができるものである。なお、機能積層体3とはLEDやHEMT等の半導体素子において電流が流れるなどデバイスとして機能する部分を意味し、調整層5が第1のAlxGa1−xN層(0≦x<1)4と隣接していても、調整層5にデバイスとしての機能が付与されることはない。
図2は、本発明に従う半導体素子100の製造途中の積層構造の一例を模式的に示したものである。
本発明に従う半導体素子100の製造方法は、まず、図2に示すように、基板1上に、例えばMOCVD法を用いて、バッファ2と、p型不純物を含むAlzGa1−zN調整層(x−0.05≦z≦x+0.05、0≦z<1)5と、i型またはn型AlxGa1−xN層(0≦x<1)4を含む機能積層体3とを順次形成することを特徴とし、かかる構成を有することにより、バッファで改善された平坦性および結晶性を有効に機能積層体に引き継がせ、平坦性および結晶性が良好な機能積層体を有する半導体素子を提供することができるものである。
AlNテンプレート基板上に、MOCVD法によりMgドープp型Al0.31Ga0.69N層(厚さ:1000nm、Mgドープ、Mg濃度:1×1019/cm3)を成長させた。
AlNテンプレート基板上に、MOCVD法によりSiドープn型Al0.31Ga0.69N層(厚さ:1000nm、Siドープ、Si濃度:4×1018/cm3)を成長させた。
AlNテンプレート基板上に、MOCVD法によりアンドープのi型Al0.31Ga0.69N層(厚さ:1000nm)を成長させた。
上記実験例1のMgドープAlGaN層、上記実験例2のn型AlGaN層、および上記実験例3のi型AlGaN層のそれぞれについて、光学顕微鏡および原子力間顕微鏡(AFM)を用いて表面を観察し、AFMの測定より求められた算術平均粗さRaにより、表面上の平坦性を評価した。
AlNテンプレート基板上に、MOCVD法により、初期層としてAlN層(厚さ:27nm)を積層後、バッファ(超格子歪緩衝層)、平坦化を促進させる物質としてMgをドープしたp型Al0.31Ga0.69N調整層(厚さ:100nm、Mg濃度:1×1018/cm3)、アンドープのi型Al0.35Ga0.65N層(厚さ:300nm)を順次エピタキシャル成長させた。さらに、n型Al0.35Ga0.65N層(厚さ:1300nm、Siドープ、濃度:1×1019/cm3)、発光層(発光波長325nmの多重量子井戸構造、総厚さ:64.5nm)、p型Al0.32Ga0.68N層(厚さ:280nm、Mgドープ、濃度:1.5×1019cm3)を順次エピタキシャル成長させて機能積層体を形成し、基板上にエピタキシャル成長積層体を形成した。つまり、本実施形態において、z=0.31,w=x=0.35,y=0.32となり、zがxの±0.05の範囲に含まれ、wはxと等しく、かつz<wである。
Mgをドープしたp型Al0.31Ga0.69N調整層を形成しなかった点以外は実施例1と同様のエピタキシャル成長積層体を形成した。
アンドープのi型AlGaN層のAl組成をw=0.29とし、機能積層体中のn型AlGaN層のAl組成をx=0.29とした以外は、実施例1と同様のエピタキシャル成長積層体を形成した。z=0.31なので、本実施例では、zはxの±0.05の範囲に含まれるが、z>wとなる。
アンドープのi型Al0.35Ga0.65N層を形成しなかった点以外は、実施例1と同様のエピタキシャル成長積層体を形成した。本実施例では、z=0.31,x=0.35となる。
p型AlGaN調整層のAl組成をz=0.19とした点以外は、実施例3と同様のエピタキシャル成長積層体を形成した。本比較例では、x=0.35のままであるため、zがxの±0.05の範囲に含まれない。
p型AlGaN調整層のAl組成をz=0.41とした点以外は、実施例3と同様のエピタキシャル成長積層体を形成した。本比較例では、x=0.35のままであるため、zがxの±0.05の範囲に含まれない。
上記実施例1〜3および比較例1〜3の機能積層体を形成した段階のサンプルをX線回折装置で分析し、(0002)面および(10−12)面に相当するピークの半値幅を求めた結果を表2に示す。なお、半値幅は小さいほど結晶性が良好である。比較例2に関しては、機能積層体の表面にクラックが発生したため、半値幅を測定することができなかった。
上記実施例1〜3および比較例1〜3について、成長面をダイヤペンで罫書き、機能積層体を構成するn型AlGaN層を露出させた点と、この露出させた点から1.5mm離れた点とにドット状Inを物理的に押圧して成形した2点をn型およびp型電極として簡易的な窒化物半導体素子を作製した。そして、それらにプローブを接触させ、DC20mA通電後の光出力を裏面より射出させ、光ファイバを通じてマルチ・チャネル型分光器へ導光し、スペクトルのピーク強度を出力換算して発光出力Poを求めた。発光波長はいずれも327nmであった。結果を表3に示す。なお、比較例2は発光しなかった。
上記実施例1〜3および比較例1〜3について、超格子歪緩衝層成長後の表面の反射率を1としたときに、MgをドープしたAlGaN調整層成長後、i型AlGaN層成長中、機能積層体を構成するn型AlGaN層成長中および発光層成長中の表面の反射率を測定した。
上記実施例1および比較例1について、SIMSにより、不純物濃度の測定を行った。
1 基板
1a サファイア基板
1b AlNまたはAlGaN層
2 バッファ層
2a p型AlβGa1−βN層
2b AlN層
3 機能積層体
4 n型AlxGa1−xN層
5 p型不純物を含むAlzGa1−zN調整層
6 発光層
7 p型AlyGa1−yN層
8 不純物をドープしないi型のAlwGa1−wN層
9 p側電極
10 n側電極
Claims (8)
- サファイア下地基板上に単結晶AlN層を有するAlNテンプレート基板上に、超格子歪緩衝層を含むバッファと、複数の窒化物半導体層を含む機能積層体とを具える半導体素子であって、
前記機能積層体は、前記バッファ側にn型またはi型である第1のAlxGa1−xN層(0≦x<1)を有し、
前記バッファと前記機能積層体との間に、前記第1のAlxGa1−xN層とAl組成が略等しいp型不純物を含むAlzGa1−zN調整層(x−0.05≦z≦x+0.05、0≦z<1)を具え、
前記バッファは、少なくとも前記機能積層体側にAlαGa1−αN層(0≦α≦1)を含み、該AlαGa1−αN層のAl組成αと、前記第1のAlxGa1−xN層のAl組成xとの差が、0.1以上であることを特徴とする半導体素子。 - 前記第1のAlxGa1−xN層がn型であり、
前記機能積層体は、前記第1のAlxGa1−xN層上に、少なくとも発光層および第2のAlyGa1−yN層(0≦y<1)を順に有する請求項1に記載の半導体素子。 - 前記p型不純物を含むAlzGa1−zN調整層と前記第1のAlxGa1−xN層との間に、不純物をドープしないi型AlwGa1−wN層(x−0.05≦w≦x+0.05、0≦w<1)をさらに具える請求項1または2に記載の半導体素子。
- 前記p型不純物を含むAlzGa1−zN調整層の厚さが、100〜1500nmの範囲である請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の半導体素子。
- 前記p型不純物を含むAlzGa1−zN調整層は、Mgがドープされており、Mg濃度が5×1016〜2×1020/cm3の範囲である請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の半導体素子。
- 前記第1のAlxGa1−xN層に含まれるOの濃度が2×1018/cm3未満である請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の半導体素子。
- 前記超格子歪緩衝層は、AlβGa1−βN層(0≦β≦0.3)と、AlN層とを交互に積層して超格子構造を形成してなり、前記バッファの最も前記機能積層体側はAlN層である請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の半導体素子。
- サファイア下地基板上に単結晶AlN層を有するAlNテンプレート基板上に、超格子歪緩衝層を含むバッファと、該バッファ側にn型またはi型である第1のAlxGa1−xN層(0≦x<1)を含む機能積層体とを順次形成する半導体素子の製造方法であって、
前記バッファと前記機能積層体との間には、前記第1のAlxGa1−xN層とAl組成が略等しいp型不純物を含むAlzGa1−zN調整層(x−0.05≦z≦x+0.05、0≦z<1)を形成し、
前記バッファは、少なくとも前記機能積層体側にAlαGa1−αN層(0≦α≦1)を含み、該AlαGa1−αN層のAl組成αと、前記第1のAlxGa1−xN層のAl組成xとの差が、0.1以上であることを特徴とする半導体素子の製造方法。
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