JP4971387B2 - 遷移金属酸化物/多層壁炭素ナノチューブナノ複合体及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
遷移金属酸化物/多層壁炭素ナノチューブナノ複合体及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002114 nanocomposite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000002048 multi walled nanotube Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 31
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910001510 metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 28
- 239000011858 nanopowder Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 11
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002482 conductive additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JJLJMEJHUUYSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L Copper hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Cu+2] JJLJMEJHUUYSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000005750 Copper hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920006370 Kynar Polymers 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001956 copper hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- NCNCGGDMXMBVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Fe+2] NCNCGGDMXMBVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- IPJKJLXEVHOKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mn+2] IPJKJLXEVHOKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011325 microbead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010532 solid phase synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910020599 Co 3 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021503 Cobalt(II) hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008365 Li-Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006759 Li—Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006913 SnSb Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 anionic hydroxide ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cd] OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960001927 cetylpyridinium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YMKDRGPMQRFJGP-UHFFFAOYSA-M cetylpyridinium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 YMKDRGPMQRFJGP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007806 chemical reaction intermediate Substances 0.000 description 1
- ASKVAEGIVYSGNY-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Co+2] ASKVAEGIVYSGNY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011530 conductive current collector Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000349 field-emission scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021469 graphitizable carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000014413 iron hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001404 mediated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002931 mesocarbon microbead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002070 nanowire Substances 0.000 description 1
- BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ni+2] BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910021470 non-graphitizable carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000527 sonication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001132 ultrasonic dispersion Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82B—NANOSTRUCTURES FORMED BY MANIPULATION OF INDIVIDUAL ATOMS, MOLECULES, OR LIMITED COLLECTIONS OF ATOMS OR MOLECULES AS DISCRETE UNITS; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- B82B3/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures by manipulation of individual atoms or molecules, or limited collections of atoms or molecules as discrete units
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
- C01B32/158—Carbon nanotubes
- C01B32/168—After-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
- C01B32/158—Carbon nanotubes
- C01B32/168—After-treatment
- C01B32/174—Derivatisation; Solubilisation; Dispersion in solvents
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/483—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides for non-aqueous cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
- Oxygen, Ozone, And Oxides In General (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
Description
1)界面活性剤を水に溶解させる段階と、
2)前記1)の溶液に多層壁炭素ナノチューブと界面活性剤とを分散させる段階と、
3)前記2)の分散溶液に塩化金属と尿素を添加する段階と、
4)前記3)の溶液を95〜105℃の温度まで上げる段階と、
5)前記4)の溶液を還流させて反応生成物を得る段階と、
6)前記5)の反応生成物を、空気雰囲気または真空乾燥下で熱処理してナノ複合体を製造する段階と、
からなる金属酸化物/多層壁炭素ナノチューブナノ複合体の製造方法をその特徴とする。
本発明は、前記水に脱イオン水を用いる製造方法である。
また本発明は、前記界面活性剤は、カチオン性界面活性剤またはアニオン性界面活性剤であることを特徴とする製造方法である。
本発明は、前記界面活性剤は、炭素ナノチューブ100重量部に対して0.05〜50重量部であることを特徴とする製造方法である。
本発明は、前記塩化金属の濃度は、0.015〜0.1Mであることを特徴とする製造方法である。
本発明は、前記尿素の濃度は、0.3〜0.5Mであることを特徴とする製造方法である。
本発明は、前記還流は、95〜105℃で5〜10時間行うことを特徴とする製造方法である。
前記空気雰囲気下での熱処理は、1分当り1〜10℃の昇温速度で290〜310℃に昇温した後、その温度を0.5〜2時間維持することを特徴とする製造方法である。
本発明は、前記真空乾燥雰囲気下の熱処理は、95〜105℃の温度、1.33〜0.133Pa(10-2〜10-3torr)の圧力で行うことを特徴とする製造方法である。本願明細書では、1torr=133Paとして、出願時のtorrの値をPaの値に変換して表記する。
本発明は、前記方法のいずれかの方法で製造した金属酸化物/多層壁炭素ナノチューブナノ複合体である。
また、本発明は、前記ナノ複合体を含むことを特徴とする2次電池用の負極活物質である。
本発明は、前記負極活物質を含む陰極で構成されたことを特徴とする2次電池である。
界面活性剤であるCTAB3mgを称量して脱イオン水1.5Lに1時間程度超音波処理を通して溶かす。多層壁炭素ナノチューブ0.3gを前記溶液に入れ、3時間超音波処理をし、界面活性剤が炭素ナノチューブを十分に覆うようにする。その後、濃度が0.1MとなるようにCuCl2を称量して溶液に添加し、次いで、濃度が0.3Mとなるように尿素を称量して溶液に入れる。前記溶液を20分間攪拌し、攪拌を維持したままpHを観察しながら温度を100℃まで上げた。100℃で7時間還流させて、反応中間物質である水酸化銅が多層壁炭素ナノチューブに均等に付着されるようにする。このとき形成されたエメラルド色の沈殿物を、温度を一分間に5℃の速度で300℃まで昇温させる空気雰囲気下で熱処理した後、1時間温度を維持して灰〜黒色のCuOナノ粉末−多層壁炭素ナノチューブ複合体を製造した。
下記表1に記載された塩化金属前駆体を使用する以外は、前記実施例1と同様にナノ複合体を製造した。また、表1に中間物質と最終複合体の色も一緒に示した。
前記金属酸化物ナノ粉末としてTiO2ナノ粉末を使用し、金属前駆体であるTiCl3と尿素の濃度が各々0.015Mと0.5Mであり、空気雰囲気での処理の代りに100℃、1.33Pa(10-2torr)の真空乾燥を5日間行った。下記表1に記載された塩化金属前駆体を使用した。その他の製造過程は、実施例1と同様に実施した。
CTABの代りにSDS3mgを使用した以外は、前記実施例1〜6と同様に実施した。中間物質と最終複合体の色を表1に示した。
前記実施例1〜6で製造した0次元−1次元ナノ複合体の2次電池特性を比較、分析するために、対照群として純粋遷移金属酸化物のナノ粉末を製造した。手順は、多層壁炭素ナノチューブと界面活性剤が溶けていない脱イオン水1.5Lを使用する点で、実施例1〜6と異なる。そのほかの条件は実施例1〜6と同様である。尿素合成法が使用された。
2種類の材料、即ち、前記実施例1〜6で製造した0次元−1次元ナノ複合構造体と、比較例1〜6で製造したナノ粉末を、2次電池の負極活物質として使用した。2種類の材料を評価するために、これらの材料を使用して製造した電極で構成された半電池の容量を測定した。
負極活物質として、前記実施例1〜6で製造したナノ複合体2mgを、バインダーであるKynar 2801(PVdF−HEP)と、質量比が85:15となるように称量し、不活性の有機溶媒であるN−メチル−ピロリドン(NMP)に溶解させてスラリーを得た。前記スラリーを電流コレクタである銅ホイルに塗布し、100℃の真空オーブンで4時間乾燥した後、プレスをかけて円形態にパンチングした。
リチウム金属イオンを陰極とし、前記製造したナノ複合体の電極またはナノ粉末を陽極とした。この2つの間に電解質と分離膜(Celgard2400)を入れ、スウェージロック型の半電池を構成した。エチレン・カーボネート(EC)とジメチル・カーボネート(DMC)が体積比1:1で混ぜられた溶液に、LiPF6が溶解された溶液を電解液として使用した。前記製造過程は、不活性ガスであるアルゴンで充填されているグローブ・ボックスの中で行った。
Claims (12)
- 1)界面活性剤を水に溶解させる段階と、
2)前記1)の溶液に多層壁炭素ナノチューブと界面活性剤とを分散させる段階と、
3)前記2)の分散溶液に塩化金属と尿素を添加する段階と、
4)前記3)の溶液を95℃〜105℃の温度まで上げる段階と、
5)前記4)の溶液を還流させて反応生成物を得る段階と、
6)前記5)の反応生成物を、空気雰囲気または真空乾燥雰囲気下で熱処理してナノ複合体を製造する段階と、
からなることを特徴とする金属酸化物/多層壁炭素ナノチューブナノ複合体の製造方法。 - 前記水に脱イオン水を用いる請求項1記載の製造方法。
- 前記界面活性剤は、カチオン性界面活性剤またはアニオン性界面活性剤であることを特徴とする、請求項1又は請求項2のいずれか1項記載の製造方法。
- 前記界面活性剤は、炭素ナノチューブ100重量部に対して0.05〜50重量部であることを特徴とする、請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれか1項記載の製造方法。
- 前記塩化金属の濃度は、0.015〜0.1Mであることを特徴とする、請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか1項記載の製造方法。
- 前記尿素の濃度は、0.3〜0.5Mであることを特徴とする、請求項1乃至請求項5のいずれか1項記載の製造方法。
- 前記還流は、95〜105℃で5〜10時間行うことを特徴とする、請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれか1項記載の製造方法。
- 前記空気雰囲気下での熱処理は、1分当り1〜10℃の昇温速度で290〜310℃に昇温した後、その温度を0.5〜2時間維持することを特徴とする、請求項1乃至請求項7のいずれか1項記載の製造方法。
- 前記真空乾燥雰囲気下の熱処理は、95〜105℃の温度、1.33〜0.133Paの圧力で行うことを特徴とする、請求項1乃至請求項8のいずれか1項記載の製造方法。
- 請求項1乃至9のうちいずれか1項の方法で製造した金属酸化物/多層壁炭素ナノチューブナノ複合体。
- 請求項10のナノ複合体を含むことを特徴とする2次電池用の負極活物質。
- 請求項11の負極活物質を含む陰極で構成されたことを特徴とする2次電池。
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| WO2021133034A1 (ko) * | 2019-12-26 | 2021-07-01 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 음극 활물질의 제조방법 |
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| US12592377B2 (en) | 2019-12-26 | 2026-03-31 | Lg Energy Solution, Ltd. | Method of preparing negative electrode active material |
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