JP4956501B2 - Water-saving rice planting method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a rice planting method by transplanting rice seedlings, and more particularly, to a water-saving rice planting method without performing shaving.

  Traditionally, rice seedlings have been planted by draining water in the winter, drying, fertilizing, plowing, paddying, and shaving before transplanting the seedlings, and then transplanting the seedlings that were raised separately.

  For plowing work, in addition to crushing the soil to a size suitable for transplanting, the residue of the previous crop is put into the soil to promote ripening, and air is put into the soil for drying. It means to promote and mineralize organic nitrogen (dry soil effect). In paddy rice single cropping areas, roughing is carried out about once after harvesting in autumn, and plowed once or twice before spring. In tillage work, there is generally a rotary attached to the tiller and tractor.

  Oyaki is the process of preparing rice planting by drawing water into the cultivated paddy field, crushing the soil, and leveling the surface approximately horizontally. The writing is usually performed twice. The first oyster work is called “Arayo oyster” and is done for the purpose of crushed soil. The second and subsequent shavings are carried out for the purpose of leveling, paddy stocks and burial of residues. However, scavenging work requires time and labor. In addition, its significance is being questioned.

  As a rice planting method without plowing and shaving, the “no-tillage transplanting cultivation method” of Patent Document 1 and “the non-tillage rice transplanter and rice planting method” of Patent Document 2 have been studied and published.

According to Patent Document 1, “in the past, paddy rice cultivation in Japan has been deeply rooted as a means that must be plowed and chopped. This process is a dry process that promotes the release of geological chisso by drying the soil. It is necessary for soil effect and measures against water leakage, and is an important task to facilitate the planting of rice, and to promote the establishment and growth of seedlings immediately after planting. It is said to be effective in preventing water leakage, weeding, ease of planting rice, and promoting the vitality of seedlings. Has been established in Japan.
However, until now, plowing and oysters were the wisdom of the predecessors that were born for the purpose of using the dead bodies of microorganisms living in the ground as nutrients for geological power in the era when there were no chemical fertilizers or herbicides. . Whether this process is necessary at present when chemical fertilizers are developed and rice transplanters are in circulation remains a problem. In other words, at the present time when chemical fertilizers, herbicides, and rice transplanters are sufficiently popular, the purpose of plowing and shaving is halved. In addition, leakage prevention can be prevented by providing a dredge. Furthermore, seedling survival can be sufficiently covered by seedling growing and transplanting methods. Considering this fact, plowing and shaving are not always necessary at present, and are simply a waste of time and cost. Then, the invention subject of patent document 1 exists in the place which clarifies the efficient cultivation method in a no-tillage cultivation method from a viewpoint which considers the necessity of this tillage and a shaving. "
As a result, the invention described in claims 1 to 4 "(Claim 1) Non-tillage transplant cultivation method in which a dry paddy that hardens soil without shallow plowing is shallowly irrigated, and seedlings are transplanted directly to the dry paddy field. (Claim 2) A dry rice paddy having a hardness of at least 0.08 kg / cm ^{2 on} the soil surface of the soil is irrigated shallowly without direct plowing, plowing, and irrigation. (Claim 3) The non-tillage transplant cultivation according to claim ² , wherein the soil is solidified to have a hardness of at least 0.08 kg / cm ² and thereafter seedlings are transplanted. (Claim 4) In the dry rice field according to claim 1, a streak, a hole or a groove is formed between the stump and the stump of last year, and a seedling is transplanted into the streak, the hole or the groove. A no-tillage transplanting cultivation method according to any one of the above has been developed.
JP-A-10-117614

Also, in Patent Document 2, as in Patent Document 1, the paragraph [0017] of the specification states, “Non-tillage transplanting cultivation in the present invention refers to a state in which irrigation is performed without plowing or plowing. In this non-tillage transplanting cultivation method, the dry paddy having a hardness of at least 0.08 kg / cm ^{2 on} the surface of the soil is irrigated shallowly and directly transplanted with seedlings. An important issue that is indispensable for tillage transplanting is soil hardness, which is the result of non-tillage transplanting, which is harder than soil tillage and the root development due to the ethylene effect strengthens rice. Therefore, if the soil is not hard, the effect of no-till transplanting cultivation will be halved, so that even in the non-tillage transplanting cultivation method, it is less likely to produce good results in soft soil. The inventor has a remarkable effect of no-till transplanting As a result of examining the appearing soil, it was found that the effect is remarkable in the soil having the soil surface with a hardness of at least 0.08 kg / cm ^{2 in} the state of irrigation. ”
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-117519

  Further, Non-Patent Document 1 includes a video “Natural Plowing Rice Story” of a no-tillage cultivation rice transplanter applied to the farming methods of the inventors of Patent Documents 1 and 2. Moreover, the following contents are described about the outline of the farming method. Excerpt from the relevant section.

Outline of <Iwasawa-style / Naturally-cultivated rice> 1) No-tillage It is said that about 10,000 years have passed since the start of farming. If that is the case, humanity has been mistaken for a long time. Research has been carried out under the premise of “cultivation” at both universities and agricultural test sites.
So why is no-tillage better? >:
Toxic gas is not generated, so when water is planted after planting rice that does not rot , organic matter decomposes in the soil under the bottom of the plowed field, generating harmful gases such as methane gas. Some people have seen it), causing root rot, but it is not in non-cultivated fields. Methane gas is a cause of global warming nearly 20 times that of carbon dioxide. (As a specific figure, 24% of methane gas emission in Japan is from rice fields, and 65Kg per counterweight, but 5Kg and less than 1 for non-tillage farming)
The soil of the non-cultivated rice fields, where the roots become wild and thick and strong, is very hard (you cannot step on it), so the seedlings that are planted cannot easily extend the roots into the soil. “They” were given a heavy load that was unthinkable in cultivated soft soil, and in order to live, they secrete a large amount of a hormone called ethylene, which thickens and strengthens the roots. In other words, rice roots become “wilder” due to adversity, and the volume ratio is more than 10 times that of normal rice. By the way, hard soil makes it difficult to generate moles and hills.
Plowing to bring the redox potential of the land to the reducing side is putting oxygen into the soil. Until now, it has been believed that the more oxygen, the better. However, even in the latest medical research, "85% of the disease is caused by active oxygen" or "Oxygen was originally acting as a toxic substance from the point of view of life evolution" (NHK special program etc.) It has been clarified that it is not preferable to put oxygen in the soil because the oxidation-reduction potential is inclined to the oxidation side. From the perspective of life, humans and crops (plants) should share the same health management. Future research by agronomists is awaited.
The benefits from an agricultural management perspective are:
Since it is not plowing that can reduce more than 40% of the labor force, it is natural that “rice-raising” and “kakigaki” are not necessary.
Realization of energy saving and cost reduction Agricultural machinery, the most expensive machine = tractor, etc. is no longer required. It is an interesting fact that the roots overcome the adversity of no-till and become wild and grow healthy. It ’s the same with humans who are vulnerable when they grow up (cultivate). Look at the big trees in the forest! Who is plowing the soil? During the “rice turmoil” caused by the great cold damage in 1993, no-tillage rice was hardly damaged and the harvest was sufficient. It seems that he raised a heavy waist in reviewing cultivation.
2) Seedling However, in order to make a dwarf rice against hard soil, it is important to make seedlings in the early childhood. In conventional rice farming, "nursling seedlings" grown in greenhouses are planted, but in natural cultivation, "adult seedlings" grown in low temperature outside air are used. In addition, “study” by stimulating by stepping on the foot. Because it grows strong seedlings like this, it firmly roots in hard soil and does not lose to weeds.
3) Originally developed rice transplanter The non-cultivated rice field is so hard that it cannot be reached. Moreover, it is full of grass. In such places, it is not possible to plant rice using ordinary rice transplanters. Therefore, a rice transplanter with a special cutter that cuts a part of hard soil and planted it was devised and developed. No matter how good natural farming is, it will not meet the needs of today if it takes time and effort.
http://www.kyoto.zaq.ne.jp/ark/NOHGYO.HTM

  However, although the above-mentioned no-tillage farming method is excellent, the rice field is hard and it is difficult to transplant rice seedlings with a normal rice transplanter, and a special rice transplanter is required. Also, special seedlings suitable for it are made. Therefore, workers who are accustomed to conventional seedling production and rice planting need to purchase a new rice transplanter, and have to incorporate special seedling production, which is not easy to adopt.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a rice planting method that can save water in a short time even when a conventional seedling making and a conventional rice transplanter are performed without performing substitution.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a pressing process 3 for pressing the paddy field soil before irrigation with a pressing machine, a irrigation process 5 for spreading water shallowly on the rice field, and a curing process 6 for leaving it for a predetermined period of time. Then, it is composed of a transplanting process 7 in which rice seedlings are planted with a rice transplanter, and is configured as a water-saving rice planting method characterized by not performing pruning.

  Furthermore, before the said press process 3, it is set as the structure of the said water-saving type rice planting method characterized by providing the basic fertilizer mixing process 2 which pours a basic fertilizer into the ground with a rotary, and the said press is a wheel traveling vehicle. The water-saving rice planting method is characterized in that the predetermined period is 2 to 3 days.

  In addition, a water-saving rice planting method according to any one of the above, characterized in that a pulverization step 4 is provided between the pressing step 3 and the irrigation step 5 so as to stir a depth of 2 to 10 cm from the rice field surface by a rotary. The configuration was as follows.

  Since this invention is the above structure, it exhibits the following effects. First, since the paddy topsoil before irrigation is pressed and no padding is performed, water required for a large amount at the same time can be saved to an extremely small amount, and the environmental load is low. It is extremely effective especially in dry areas.

  Since the pressing machine may be a heavy machine such as a tractor that is a conventional wheeled vehicle, no new equipment is required.

  After pressing and irrigating, the rice field is left to stand for 2-3 days and cured, so that the irrigated water in the hard and compacted rice field soil will be sufficiently submerged and softened, even if it is a conventional rice transplanter, Rice seedlings can be transplanted without change.

  Furthermore, by pulverizing the paddy topsoil with a 2-5 cm rotary before irrigation, surface irregularities are eliminated and infiltration of irrigation is promoted.

  Hereinafter, a water-saving rice planting method according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a flow (one example) of a water-saving rice planting method according to the present invention. The water-saving rice planting method 1 according to the present invention includes a raw manure mixing process 2 in which raw fertilizer is poured into the ground with a rotary, a pressing process 3 in which the field soil before irrigation is pressed with a pressing machine, and then the surface of the rice field is rotary. Pulverizing step 4 for stirring in step, irrigation step 5 for spreading water shallowly in the rice field, next, curing step 6 for leaving the irrigated rice field for a predetermined period, and transplanting step 7 for planting rice seedlings with a rice transplanter It is characterized by not doing scribbling.

  Next, with reference to FIGS. 2 to 7, each of the above steps will be described in detail.

  FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the rice field during the raw manure mixing process. The basic fertilizer mixing process 2 in which the raw fertilizer 2b is poured into the ground with the rotary 2a is a rotary 2a that is applied to the surface of the dry rice field 1a near the rice planting, and is attached to a tiller, a tractor, etc. This is a step of stirring about 20 cm from the surface layer and burying the original fertilizer 2b in the ground together with last year's stump 1b and residue 2c such as weeds.

  In rice fields, after harvesting rice, it is generally performed to dry and pass winter without drawing water. Such a rice field is referred to herein as dry rice field 1a. However, it does not mean that it does not contain water at all, and it includes rainy water, snowmelt water, and the like that are muddy.

  Examples of the raw manure 2b include conventionally used decomposition products in which organic matter such as cattle and pigs, livestock excrement such as cattle and pigs, rice straw, and garbage are decomposed and microorganisms are decomposed, and can be used in the present invention as well.

  The rotary 2a includes a normal rotation (down cut) rotary and a reverse rotation (up cut) rotary. Note that the up cut rotary tends to be finer than the down cut rotary. In particular, in the pulverizing step 4 described later, a fine soil layer (ground layer 4a) is preferable on the surface of the rice field. However, in the case of up-cutting, a larger tractor is required than in the case of down-cutting because large power is required.

  By such a basic fertilizer mixing step 2, a basic fertilizer 2b, a residue 2c, and a mud mixed layer 2e are formed on the surface of the dry rice pad 1a. A large number of large gaps 2d are formed in the mixed layer 2e. In the conventional method, scribing is performed after this. The shaving is performed after irrigating the rice field having such a large amount of gap 2d. Therefore, a large amount of water was required for the shaving. Since the persimmon is performed in the neighboring rice fields at the same time, depletion of water resources is a problem.

  FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the rice field during the pressing process. In the pressing step 3, the field topsoil before irrigation is pressed with a pressing machine. More specifically, on the low-density mixed layer 2e having a large gap 2d formed by the original fertilizer mixing step 2, the tractor, the tractor, and the like such as a heavy machine that travels on the wheels 3a, travels once to a plurality of times. In this step, the paddy topsoil is firmly pressed to form the pressing layer 3c. In FIG. 3, only the wheel 3a is drawn, and the others are omitted.

  As a tractor, Yanmar Co., F250, etc. can be used. The wheel 3a includes not only a tire but also a caterpillar type.

  The pressing layer 3c has fewer gaps 3b than the mixed layer 2e. Accordingly, the amount of water used for irrigation can be reduced. It is hard and does not leak easily. Compared to no-tillage farming, the rice fields are harder at this stage.

  FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the rice field during the pulverization process. The pulverization process 4 is performed after the pressing process 3 as necessary. In the pulverization step 4, the surface of the rice field is agitated by the rotary 2a. More specifically, the rotary 2a is stirred for about 2 to 10 cm, preferably about 3 to 5 cm from the surface layer of the pressing layer 3c.

  As described above, the rotary 2a is preferably up-cut and further rotated at a high speed. Thereby, the pulverized layer 4a becomes finer soil, and a gap 4b that is larger than the gap 3b but smaller than the gap 2d is formed. At the same time, tire marks derived from the irregularities on the surface of the wheel 3a can be erased.

  FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the rice field after completion of the irrigation process. The irrigation process 5 is a process of shallowly spreading the irrigation 5a on the rice field for transplanting rice seedlings. The irrigation 5a accumulates while infiltrating into the gap 4b of the pulverized layer 4a. However, it takes some time for the irrigation 5a to infiltrate the gap 3b of the pressing layer 3c. It generally takes 2 to 3 days for the irrigation 5a to infiltrate up to the gap 3b of the pressing layer 3c and the pressing layer 3c to soften. Therefore, the next curing step 6 is required, and it is difficult to transplant rice seedlings immediately after the irrigation step 5 is completed.

  FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the rice field after completion of the curing process. In the curing step 6, the rice field after irrigation is allowed to stand for a predetermined period, specifically, for about 2 to 3 days, and the irrigation 5a is sufficiently infiltrated into the leveling and pressing layer 3c of the rice field surface layer.

By passing through the curing step 6, irrigation infiltrates into the gap 6a and softens both the pressing layer 3c and the pulverized layer 4a to form an integrated infiltrating layer 6b. Thereby, without using a special rice planting machine for transplanting rice seedlings, it is possible to plant rice without problems with a conventional rice planting machine. For example, Yanmar Co., Ltd., RR 500, etc. can be used as a rice planting machine .

  FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the rice field after the transplanting process is completed. The transplanting step 7 is a step of planting the rice seedlings 7a with a rice transplanter. This can be done with conventional rice transplanters.

  In the subsequent paddy field management, water volume management is performed in the same manner as conventional management, and chemical spraying such as weeding and insect control and additional fertilization are performed as necessary. For harvesting after fruiting, a conventional rice harvester can be used, and the remaining amount of rice straw stumps may be the same as before.

  If it is the said method, irrigation of the rice field of the area 30a can be completed in about 1 day and night. Conventionally, it took about one week. Therefore, water saving is extremely possible. In simple calculation, 1/7 is sufficient. Furthermore, even if a conventional rice transplanter was used, the transplanting operation could be performed and the seedlings could be confirmed.

It is a flow (an example) of the water-saving type rice planting method which is this invention. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the rice field in the original fertilizer mixing process. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the rice field in a press process. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the rice field in a grinding | pulverization process. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the rice field after completion of the irrigation process. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the rice field after completion of a curing process. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the rice field after completion of a transplanting process.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Water-saving type rice planting method 1a Dry rice field 1b Stump 2 Original fertilizer mixing process 2a Rotary 2b Original fertilizer 2c Residue 2d Gap 2e Mixed layer 3 Pressing process 3a Wheel 3b Gap 3c Pressing layer 4 Crushing process 4a Grinding layer 4b Gap 5 Irrigation process 5a Irrigation 6 Curing process 6a Crevice 6b Infiltration layer 7 Transplantation process 7a Rice seedling

Claims (4)

The raw fertilizer mixing process in which the raw fertilizer is swallowed into the ground by rotary on the field soil before irrigation ,
Next, a pressing step of pressing the paddy topsoil with a pressing machine,
Next, the irrigation process of spreading water shallowly on the rice field,
Next, a curing process to leave for a predetermined period of time,
Next, it consists of the transplanting process of planting rice seedlings with a rice transplanter,
A water-saving rice planting method, characterized by not performing shaving. The water-saving rice planting method according to claim 1 , wherein the pressing machine is a wheel traveling vehicle. The water-saving rice planting method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the predetermined period is 2 to 3 days. The water-saving method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein a pulverization step of stirring a depth of 2 to 10 cm from the surface of the rice field by a rotary is provided between the pressing step and the irrigation step. Type rice planting method.

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