CN104206220A - Mixed sowing and companion planting method for ensuring rice production safety - Google Patents
Mixed sowing and companion planting method for ensuring rice production safety Download PDFInfo
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- CN104206220A CN104206220A CN201410514708.9A CN201410514708A CN104206220A CN 104206220 A CN104206220 A CN 104206220A CN 201410514708 A CN201410514708 A CN 201410514708A CN 104206220 A CN104206220 A CN 104206220A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a mixed sowing and companion planting method for ensuring rice production safety, in particular to mixed sowing and companion planting of two or more superior, high-yield and disease-resistant rice varieties which are similar in plant heights, growth periods and grain shapes. Each growth period of certain kinds of rice varieties from a vegetative growth period to a reproductive growth period is matched, and is suitable for unified nutrient and water management on a field, so that smooth application of a high-yield rice culture technique is ensured, the rice yield is increased, the damage degrees of plant diseases are lowered and relieved, variety resources are protected, the pathogeny time is delayed, the resistance of a rice field to burst diseases is improved, and the rice production safety is ensured.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to rice cultivating method field, relate in particular to a kind of mixed seeding, companion planting method that ensures Rice Production safety.
Background technology
In plant pathology research, the disease resistance of plant is divided into vertical resistance and horizontal resistance two classes.Vertical resistance (vertical resistance) is normally by single or a few major gene resistance control, and variety resistance is higher, and therefore, in agricultural production, widely used disease-resistant variety is vertical resistance kind mostly.But, when large area is solely promoted the kind with such resistance in production, easily cause the biological strain of infecting it to rise to dominant races, so that vertical resistance kind is infected and superseded, the disease resistance of disease-resistant variety can not be stablized with lastingly.In the time that disease breaks out, will serious threat to grain-production.As rice leaf roller great outburst in 2003; 2004, the large generation of rice fulgorid in 2005,2006,2007,2008, causes stripe disease to be very popular; Bacterial blight of rice, rice blast occur heavier every year in some areas, our province rice high yield stable yields is threatened serious.In recent years, the breeding of our province paddy disease-resistant has obtained greater advance, be bred as batchs of resistant rice varieties, but these resistances belong to vertical resistance, in production large area solely promotion conference cause the biological strain of infecting it to rise to dominant races so that vertical resistance kind is infected and superseded.How to protect variety source, keep the stable of these variety resistances and lasting, the impact while reducing and alleviate disease outburst, rice yield being brought, ensures the production safety of grain, and these are all our problems in the urgent need to address at present.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve problems of the prior art with not enough; a kind of novel sowing is provided, plants pattern; by to two or more plant height, breeding time and grain type all close high-quality, high yield, disease-resistant rice varieties carry out mixed seeding, companion planting; postpone disease time; reduce and alleviate the extent of injury of disease; protection variety source, improves the resistance of rice field to burst disease, ensures the method for Rice Production safety.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, applicant, through repetition test for many years, finds in many hybridization schemes and selection, and the technical solution adopted in the present invention can well reach goal of the invention.The technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of mixed seeding, companion planting method that ensures Rice Production safety, it is characterized in that, and comprise the following steps:
(1) select breeding: select two or more high-quality, high yield, disease-resistant rice varieties to carry out mixed seeding, companion planting;
(2) seed treatment: with bactericide to selected seed sterilization;
(3) select suitable sowing, transplanting time: according to the difference of breeding time between rice varieties, regulate by interval sowing, to ensure several companion planting kinds ripe and harvested simultaneously;
(4) determine density and the specification of planting;
(5) cultivation method: bracing wire bar is planted;
(6) field management;
(7) ripe and harvested.
In described step (1), the rice varieties of selected two or more is very close aspect plant height, breeding time and grain type, and Different Rice Varieties During Growth Duration differs and can not exceed 5 days.
In described step (2), described method for treating seeds is for soaking seed 24 hours with 0.3% carbendazim solution.
In described step (3), soak seed in advance to regulate by the kind that grown breeding time, ensure that several paddy rice can be simultaneously ripe.
In described step (4), Planting Densities is 4 cun × 7.5 cun, 20,000 clumps every mu, and every clump of 4-5 seedling, every Cong Miao is not single rice varieties.
Beneficial effect:
1. paddy rice mixed planting can suppress the diseases such as rice blast, improves output, reduces damage by disease and insect and occurs, and produces good prevention and elimination of disease and pests effect.
2. due to by two or more plant height, breeding time and grain type close (high-quality, high yield, a disease-resistant) rice varieties are carried out to mixed seeding, companion planting, each time period breeding time between several rice varieties from vegetative growth phase to generative growth phase coincide, be applicable to the unified rich water quality management in field, ensure the smooth utilization of high-yielding rice cultivation technique, improve rice yield.
3. due to by many of several rice varieties (seedling) companion planting, if wherein there is the death of any paddy rice generation disease, other kind rice seedlings in same cave (clump) are also unaffected, can ramp, can there is not to lack (seedling) phenomenon, this has ensured the abundant use in field, improves rice yield.
4. because same field has been planted several rice varieties, in the time that the poor rice varieties disease of certain disease resistance occurs, can slow down its rate of propagation, postpone the sick time of sending out, peasant household's timely dispenser that is able to do in time is saved.
5. by inserting Super-high-yielding kind and disease-resistant variety in same field companion planting, can gather in the crops high-yield rice in the disease-free time, also can gather in the crops disease resisting rice in the sick time of repeating transmission, obtain the double shield of high yield and stable yields.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further elaborated.It should be pointed out that for the person of ordinary skill of the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, can also make some modification and improvement, these also should be considered as belonging to protection scope of the present invention.
Specific implementation method elaborates by the following examples.
Embodiment 1:
Mixed seeding, the companion planting of town rice No. 11, town rice No. 18:
Kind brief introduction (data are summed up-2011 years precocious Wan Jing districts with reference to Estimation of Paddy In Jiangsu Province new varieties district examination in 2011 and tried economical character and output summary sheet, and town rice is for No. 18 morning and evening district 02, and town rice is for No. 11 check variety district 14 sooner or later):
Town rice No. 11: original name " town rice 413 " is that Zhenjiang, the Hilly area of Jiangsu Province institute of agricultural sciences is in successfully precocious late round-grained rice new varieties of seed selection in 2004, the 162.67 days time of infertility, plant height 99.9cm, thousand kernel weight 26.77g.Plant experimentally through the pilot experiments of 5 years and demonstration, show product of fine quality, high yield, yield stability is good, premunition strong (stripe virus disease and bacterial leaf-blight are all shown to good resistance), and the ripe phase is suitable, and easily cultivation, has the advantages such as certain yield potential.
Town rice No. 18: be that the conventional japonica rice new varieties that are bred as, the 163 days time of infertility, plant height 97.70cm, thousand kernel weight 26.45g select in Jiangsu Feng Yuan Zhong Ye Co., Ltd and Zhenjiang, the Hilly area of Jiangsu Province institute of agricultural sciences.Show through planting experimentally, this kind high and stable yield is good, best in quality, and comprehensive agronomy proterties is outstanding, has larger yield potential and certain market application foreground.
By breeding time, plant height, the thousand grain weight properties of town rice No. 11, No. 18 two rice varieties of town rice are contrasted to (table 1, data are that Estimation of Paddy In Jiangsu Province new varieties district examination in 2011 is summed up), we are not difficult to find that these two Different Rice Varieties During Growth Durations, plant height, thousand grain weight properties are identical, applicable field is sowed simultaneously, transplant, water and fertilizer management is unified in applicable field.Aspect output, No. 18 per mu yields of town rice are than No. 11 high 36.36kg of town rice, but comprehensive resistance aspect town rice is obviously better than town rice No. 18 for No. 11.
Table 1 town rice No. 11, town rice No. 18 breeding times, plant height, thousand grain weight properties contrast table
(1), select two kinds: No. 18, No. 11, town rice of selecting town rice, be divided in 3 yarn bags, wherein 1 part, No. 11 seeds of town rice, 1 part, No. 18 seeds of town rice, town rice No. 11, town rice load in mixture 1 part, seed according to 1:1 ratio No. 18.
(2), seed treatment: with 0.3% carbendazim solution seed soaking 24 hours.
(3), select suitable sowing, transplanting time: according to the breeding time of these 2 kinds of rice varieties, can be defined as precocious late round-grained rice new varieties, can sow May 15, June 15 transplanted.Town rice No. 11, town rice No. 18, town rice No. 11 and No. 18 miscegenations of town rice, transplant in different fields (field 1, field 2) respectively for every type, so that the difference in later stage management (at No. 11, field 1 plant a town rice No. 11, town rice No. 18, town rice and No. 18 miscegenations of town rice, at No. 11, field 2 plant a town rice No. 11, town rice No. 18, town rice and No. 18 miscegenations of town rice).
(4), determine Planting Densities and specification: the line-spacing bars such as implementation are planted, and seeding row spacing adopts 4 × 7.5, and mu is guaranteed 20,000 clumps, every clump of 4-5 seedling.
(5), cultivation method: bracing wire bar is planted.
(6), field 1 is carried out the normal extermination of disease and insect pest, the not anti-worm of curing the disease of field 2.
(7) when, ripe, harvesting is surveyed and is produced (in table 2).
As can be seen from Table 2, when gently sending out, do not send out at damage by disease and insect, town rice No. 11 and No. 18 miscegenation output of town rice are with the underproduction 0.38% compared with No. 18 output of high yielding variety town rice, and the underproduction utmost point is not remarkable; Compare volume increase 5.19% with No. 11 output of disease-resistant variety town rice.In the time that damage by disease and insect is retransmitted, town rice No. 11 and No. 18 miscegenation output of town rice are with compared with No. 18 output of high yielding variety town rice, volume increase 22.85%; Compare volume increase 8.18% with No. 11 output of disease-resistant variety town rice.
Table 2 town rice No. 11, town rice No. 18, town rice are surveyed and produce table with No. 18 miscegenations of town rice for No. 11
Embodiment 2:
Substantially the same manner as Example 1, difference be step (1) in selecting No. 21, round-grained rice of the military fortune of ripe intermediate keng rice kind, town rice 88 carry out mixed seeding, companion planting.Consider the situation that Resistance of Rice Varieties reduces, in embodiment 2, selected No. 21, the military fortune of 1 susceptible high yielding variety round-grained rice as companion planting kind, investigate the companion planting effect of susceptible high yielding variety and disease-resistant variety):
Ripe intermediate keng rice kind during military fortune round-grained rice No. 21 (military fortune 2330) belongs to, is hybridized to transport 9707/ fortune 9726 by Wujin of Changzhou Institute of agricultural sciences, is bred as in 2003.97 centimetres of left and right of plant height, about the 151 days time of infertility, 26 grams of left and right of thousand kernel weight, 607.5 kilograms of production test average yield per mus in 2006.In inoculated identification, feel bacterial leaf-blight, sense panicle blast, high sense banded sclerotial blight; The highest cave of the stripe virus disease 2005-2006 field planting qualification incidence of disease 19.5%.
Town rice 88 is hybridized with moonlight and 2507-4 by Zhenjiang, the Hilly area of Jiangsu Province institute of agricultural sciences, ripe intermediate keng rice kind in incubation in 1993.Plant height 98cm left and right, thousand kernel weight 27g left and right, about the 149 days time of infertility, 585.82 kilograms of production test average yield per mus in 2006, bacterial leaf spot resistant characteristic of disease, blast resisting, anti-stripe virus disease.
Method is with embodiment 1, and when ripe, harvesting is surveyed and produced (table 3).
No. 21, round-grained rice of the military fortune of table 3, town rice 88, military No. 21, round-grained rice of fortune, town rice 88 miscegenations are surveyed and are produced table
As can be seen from Table 3, when gently sending out, do not send out at damage by disease and insect, No. 21, military fortune round-grained rice and town rice 88 miscegenation output are with the underproduction 0.75% compared with No. 21 output of high yielding variety military fortune round-grained rice, and the underproduction utmost point is not remarkable; Compare volume increase 4.81% with disease-resistant variety town rice 88 output.In the time that damage by disease and insect is retransmitted, No. 21, military fortune round-grained rice and town rice 88 miscegenation output are with compared with No. 21 output of high yielding variety military fortune round-grained rice, volume increase 15.95%; Compare volume increase 4.57% with No. 11 output of disease-resistant variety town rice.
Claims (8)
1. the mixed seeding, the companion planting method that ensure Rice Production safety, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
(1) select breeding: select two or more high-quality, high yield, disease-resistant rice varieties to carry out mixed seeding, companion planting;
(2) seed treatment: with bactericide to selected seed sterilization;
(3) select suitable sowing, transplanting time: according to the difference of breeding time between rice varieties, regulate by interval sowing, to ensure several companion planting kinds ripe and harvested simultaneously;
(4) determine density and the specification of planting;
(5) cultivation method: bracing wire bar is planted;
(6) field management;
(7) ripe and harvested.
2. a kind of mixed seeding, companion planting method that ensures Rice Production safety according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (1), the rice varieties of selected two or more is very close aspect plant height, breeding time and grain type.
3. a kind of mixed seeding, companion planting method that ensures Rice Production safety according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (1), the Different Rice Varieties During Growth Duration of selected two or more differs and can not exceed 5 days.
4. a kind of mixed seeding, companion planting method that ensures Rice Production safety according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (2), described bactericide is carbendazim.
5. a kind of mixed seeding, companion planting method that ensures Rice Production safety according to claim 4, is characterized in that, in step (2), described method for treating seeds is for soaking seed 24 hours with 0.3% carbendazim solution.
6. a kind of mixed seeding, companion planting method that ensures Rice Production safety according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (3), soaks seed in advance to regulate by the kind that grown breeding time, ensures that several paddy rice can be simultaneously ripe.
7. a kind of mixed seeding, companion planting method that ensures Rice Production safety according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (4), Planting Densities is 4 cun × 7.5 cun, 20,000 clumps every mu, and every clump of 4-5 seedling.
8. a kind of mixed seeding, companion planting method that ensures Rice Production safety according to claim 7, is characterized in that, every Cong Miao is not single rice varieties.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN105918032A (en) * | 2016-05-11 | 2016-09-07 | 安徽理想种业有限公司 | Mixed rice planting method capable of improving lodging resistance |
| CN106804348A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2017-06-09 | 湖南安邦新农业科技股份有限公司 | A kind of paddy rice companion planting method |
| CN110476751A (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2019-11-22 | 华中农业大学 | The method for measuring different rice varieties grouting parameter physiological metabolisms and rice quality |
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| JP2010029084A (en) * | 2008-07-28 | 2010-02-12 | Toshio Machida | Water-saving rice-planting method |
| CN101697701A (en) * | 2009-10-29 | 2010-04-28 | 华中农业大学 | Method for planting rice by mixed seeding based on rice quality improvement and yield increment |
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| CN101697701A (en) * | 2009-10-29 | 2010-04-28 | 华中农业大学 | Method for planting rice by mixed seeding based on rice quality improvement and yield increment |
| CN101810099A (en) * | 2010-05-25 | 2010-08-25 | 窦汝民 | Planting method of crop |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106804348A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2017-06-09 | 湖南安邦新农业科技股份有限公司 | A kind of paddy rice companion planting method |
| CN105918032A (en) * | 2016-05-11 | 2016-09-07 | 安徽理想种业有限公司 | Mixed rice planting method capable of improving lodging resistance |
| CN110476751A (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2019-11-22 | 华中农业大学 | The method for measuring different rice varieties grouting parameter physiological metabolisms and rice quality |
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Application publication date: 20141217 |