CN103975810B - A kind of paddy rice companion planting method - Google Patents
A kind of paddy rice companion planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103975810B CN103975810B CN201410209574.XA CN201410209574A CN103975810B CN 103975810 B CN103975810 B CN 103975810B CN 201410209574 A CN201410209574 A CN 201410209574A CN 103975810 B CN103975810 B CN 103975810B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of paddy rice companion planting method, comprising: kind based on the rice varieties selecting Comprehensive Traits excellent, select the dissimilar mutant deriving from this basic silkworm race as the collocation kind of companion planting; There is between dissimilar mutant the excellent economical character that at least one is different; After described basic silkworm race and the seed of collocation kind are mixed, seedling, transplanting; Field management; Results.Paddy rice companion planting method of the present invention, Rice Population can have multiple excellent economical character concurrently, can improve the resistance of Rice Population to damage by disease and insect, improves rice yield, and can obtain the more homogeneous rice of quality, nutrition.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to rice cultivating technique field, particularly relate to a kind of paddy rice companion planting method.
Background technology
The companion planting of rice biological diversity normally utilizes high between Different Rice Varieties, short difference, fully coordinates light, temperature, fertile resource.Pass through Mixture interplanting, reach and enrich paddy rice farmland variety diversity, strengthen agricultural ecological stability, Rice Physiological quality is strengthened, improves the ability of Resistant, effectively alleviate the harm of disease worm, both reducing pesticide dosage, and reduced pollution of agricultural products again, is the effective way developing high-yield and high-efficiency agricultural at present, be that peasant increases production, increases income, a practical technique of synergy, there is fairly obvious economic benefit, ecological benefits, social benefit and sustainability.
What the companion planting of rice biological diversity was more is applied in the production of control rice blast, the Chinese patent literature being CN1309886 as publication number discloses a kind of rice blast controlling techn utilizing genetic diversity of rice, keep the planting type of current hybrid rice, the spacing in the rows of rice-cultivating, line-spacing and density are all identical with conventional method, plant 1 row height bar fine quality paddy rice the hybrid rice Tanaka of short-stalked variety every 4 ~ 8 row more, high bar fine quality is higher than short-stalked variety more than 20 centimetres, the hereditary difference of two kinds that cover is planted and RGA fingerprint difference are more than 10%, within maturing stage differs 40 days.Although this patent can make paddy rice different genotype kind achieve mutual supplement with each other's advantages, but because the rice varieties selected not is that specific aim seed selection forms, its source is inconsistent, streaking one, breeding time, agronomic characteristics are also completely different from purposes, practical manner needs usually carry out independent transplanting kind and results by kind, field management measure also need by kind liquid manure and spray medicine several times, the low amount of labour used of efficiency is large, seems particularly complicated under the background that the production cost comprising labor cost increases year by year.
Publication number is that the Chinese patent literature of CN101697701B discloses and a kind ofly improves the paddy rice mixed seeding implantation methods of output based on improving rice matter, and step is as follows: (1) to select in Hubei Province No. 5, No. 1, E Xiang and Jianzhen's No. 2 three kinds of rice varieties are mixed seeding varieties of plant; (2) in north latitude 27-33 ° region April 10 to May 5 between sowing; (3) to mix before the planting seed of kind selected by step being in mass ratio at 5: 2: 3; (4) by wide-narrow row planting, namely wide every trade is apart from being 30cm, and narrow row line-spacing is 16.5cm, and spacing in the rows is 14.7-16.5cm, the every 666.7m of density
2be 1.738 ten thousand caves, cave to 1.95 ten thousand; (5) in rice at whole growth periods, every 666.7m
2execute purity nitrogen 11-12kg, wherein base fertilizer accounts for 60%, and tillering fertilizer accounts for 20-25%, and short fertilizers for potted flowers accounts for 0-10%, protects fertilizers for potted flowers and accounts for 10-15%; N: P
2o
5: K
2the mass ratio of O is 1: 0.4-0.5: 0.8-1.This patent carries out mixed seeding by three rice varieties selecting breeding time close, although reduce the complexity of plantation and field management to a certain extent, but rice yield is still lower, less than 600kg/ mu, and the rice genetic background difference of different cultivars is large, causing the quality of rice, nutrition exists larger difference, there is quality, the inhomogenous problem of nutrition in the rice of acquisition.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of paddy rice companion planting method, Rice Population can have multiple excellent economical character concurrently, can improve the resistance of Rice Population to damage by disease and insect, improves rice yield, and can obtain the more homogeneous rice of quality, nutrition.
A kind of paddy rice companion planting method, comprising:
(1) kind based on the rice varieties selecting Comprehensive Traits excellent, selects the dissimilar mutant deriving from this basic silkworm race as the collocation kind of companion planting; There is between dissimilar mutant the excellent economical character that at least one is different;
(2) after described basic silkworm race and the seed of collocation kind being mixed, seedling, transplanting;
(3) field management;
(4) gather in the crops.
The paddy rice companion planting kind adopted in the present invention comprises basic silkworm race and collocation kind, wherein basic silkworm race can adopt Comprehensive Traits conventional in agricultural production (as pest-resistant, disease-resistant, high yield, rice quality is excellent) excellent rice varieties, kind of arranging in pairs or groups is then dissimilar mutant, owing to having different excellent economical characters between dissimilar mutant, like this, after companion planting, Rice Population can be made to have various good characteristic concurrently, enrich farmland rice varieties diversity, strengthen agricultural ecological stability, improve the overall qualities of paddy rice, alleviate damage by disease and insect, improve rice yield.Described excellent economical character is disease-resistant, pest-resistant, high strong bar, tillers or resistance to dense planting more.
In addition, all mutant of the present invention all derive from same foundation kind, namely originate identical, due in rice breeding, the seed selection of rice mutant is carried out for specific economical character target, and other economical character and basic silkworm race are similar to, so all mutant are except specific economical character, remaining economical character is more consistent, also more consistent with basic silkworm race, that is the genetic background difference between all companion planting rice varieties is little, thus guarantee rice quality, the homogeneity of nutrition, simultaneously also more unified and simple in field management.
Preferably, described basic silkworm race is " raising rice No. 6 ", and described mutant is at least two kinds in " the close rice in Zhejiang No. 1 ", " Zhejiang rice No. 1 ", " the anti-rice in Zhejiang No. 1 " and " Zhejiang many fringes rice ".
Preferred, described basic silkworm race is " raising rice No. 6 ", and described mutant is " the close rice in Zhejiang No. 1 ", " Zhejiang rice No. 1 ", " the anti-rice in Zhejiang No. 1 " and " Zhejiang many fringes rice ".After adopting above-mentioned rice varieties companion planting, the resistant to diseases and insects of paddy rice is strong, and rice quality is good, and output is high.
The harvest time of paddy rice affects the yield and quality of rice, for ensureing the uniformity of results, ensure that each rice varieties is all gathered in the crops in the suitable time to greatest extent, ensure the yield and quality of rice, described basic silkworm race is with in collocation kind, the breeding time of any two rice varieties differs 0 ~ 10 day, preferably differs 0 ~ 5 day.
During seed mixing, the number ratio of the seed of described basic silkworm race and collocation kind is 1:1.Wherein, the quantity of dissimilar mutant seeds is identical.Above-mentioned seed proportioning mixing better can ensure output and the rice quality of paddy rice.
After seed mixing, conventional method can be adopted to carry out seedling, transplanting and field management.During results, generally gather in the crops with during rice varieties 93 ~ 96% yellow maturity at the latest of ripe phase.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1) the Mutant Rice source that utilizes of the present invention is identical, and carry out companion planting with basic silkworm race, rice quality, nutrition are more homogeneous.
(2) the present invention adopts the mutant in identical source, except special economical character (namely in mutant Breeding Process targetedly excellent economical character target), its maturation time, other economical character and resistance level are basically identical, not only select more simple in the operation of seedling and transplanting, on the field management measure of companion planting, also unification and reality efficiently, are convenient to dart transfer and are realized increasing income more.
(3) although Mutant Rice of the present invention is all come from same foundation kind, but be in fact still equivalent to dissimilar common rice variety matching, have the good characteristic of each mutant concurrently, the variety matching of science and rational space utilization can be realized, be more conducive to strengthening Resistant and improving yield potentiality.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of paddy rice companion planting method of the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention is set forth further below in conjunction with specific embodiment.These embodiments only for illustration of the present invention, and can not limit the scope of the invention.
The paddy rice companion planting method of embodiment 1 based on Good Quality Indica Rice Yangdao 6
The present embodiment 1 selects basic silkworm race to be that quality indica " raises rice No. 6 " and disease-resistant, pest-resistant, high strong bar, tiller sudden change paddy rice more.
Basic silkworm race " raises rice No. 6 ", it is Inst. of Agricultural Science, Lixiahe Prefecture, Jiangsu Prov.'s seed selection, successively in 1997,2000, calendar year 2001 is by Jiangsu Province, Anhui Province and Hubei Province's crop varietal approval committee, be the slow ripe conventional rice kind of the excellent outstanding middle Xian of proterties, this kind can be purchased from Inst. of Agricultural Science, Lixiahe Prefecture, Jiangsu Prov..
Disease-resistant sudden change paddy rice " the close rice in Zhejiang No. 1 "; be that the plant type extreme compactness of rice No. 6 seed selections, paddy rice that anti-banded sclerotial blight ability is strong are raised in Zhejiang University's mutagenesis; high-density planting condition performance volume increase can be tolerated disease-resistant; in January, 2012 is protected to the application of New species right in plant protection office of the Ministry of Agriculture, notification number: CNA008767E.This kind is purchased from Zhejiang University.
Tall and big strong bar sudden change paddy rice " Zhejiang rice No. 1 "; be that the slightly anti-fall paddy rice of the tall and big bar of rice No. 6 seed selections is raised in Zhejiang University's mutagenesis; plant height more than 180 centimetres; cane is sturdy; lodging tolerance is strong; in January, 2012 is protected to the application of New species right in plant protection office of the Ministry of Agriculture, notification number: CNA008768E.This kind is purchased from Zhejiang University.
Pest-resistant sudden change paddy rice " the anti-rice in Zhejiang No. 1 ", is the insect-proof rice that rice No. 6 seed selections are raised in Zhejiang University's mutagenesis, has excellent against-plant hopper characteristic, and in January, 2013 is protected to the application of New species right in plant protection office of the Ministry of Agriculture, notification number: CNA010401E.This kind is purchased from Zhejiang University.
Tiller the paddy rice " Zhejiang many fringes rice " that suddenlys change more; be the paddy rice that tillers that rice No. 6 seed selections are raised in Zhejiang University's mutagenesis, tillering ability extra-heavy, generally tillers and can reach more than 40 more; in January, 2014 is protected to the application of New species right in plant protection office of the Ministry of Agriculture, application number: 20140297.2.This kind is purchased from Zhejiang University.
Get " raising rice No. 6 " seed of 50% (seed grain number) and respectively account for " the close rice in Zhejiang No. 1 " of 12.5%, " Zhejiang rice No. 1 ", the full seed of " the anti-rice in Zhejiang No. 1 " and " Zhejiang many fringes rice ", to make thinner before sowing even solarization seed 1 day, Prochloraz (concentration is: 2 milliliters the former medicine water distribution of Prochloraz 75 kilograms) seed soaking is adopted after Homogeneous phase mixing, vernalization, light seeding is adopted by the requirement of every mu of sowing quantity 35 kilograms, the even mode broadcast cultivates strong seedling, manual transplanting is carried out after 30 day length of time rice seedlings grow, line-spacing is 23.5 centimetres, spacing in the rows is 16.5 centimetres, except banded sclerotial blight and rice fulgorid reduce control number of times, all the other carry out field management according to a conventional method.
Common rice nursery period, will prevent and treat small brown rice planthopper and rice thrips 1 time, will prevent and treat rice blast tillering stage 1 time, banded sclerotial blight 1 time, control snout moth's larva, rice leaf roller 1 time, rice fulgorid 1 time; Rice blast, false smut, bacterial leaf-blight 1-2 time, control snout moth's larva, rice leaf roller 1 time, rice fulgorid 1 time will be prevented and treated heading stage, maturing stage control rice fulgorid 1 time, adopt the paddy rice of companion planting method of the present invention, the tolerance of banded sclerotial blight and pest-resistant (rice fulgorid) significantly improves, sheath blight disease controlling 1 time can be reduced tillering stage, rice fulgorid can be reduced 1 time; Heading stage or maturing stage can reduce rice fulgorid and prevent and treat 1 time, when the present invention tests, prevent the medicament of rice fulgorid from being Buprofezin (buprofezin), concentration is 25%, the amount of spraying is 750g/ mu, prevent and treat the medicament of banded sclerotial blight for liking seedling (Difenoconazole, propiconazole), concentration is 30%, the amount of spraying is 20 milliliters of/mu (notes, pest-resistant, the disease-resistant characteristics exhibit of the present embodiment is in the level of against-plant hopper and banded sclerotial blight, the control of all the other damage by disease and insect, see conventional control medicament, repeats no more herein).With " the many fringes in Zhejiang " 95% yellow maturity be ripeness standard machine receive results.
In growth period duration of rice, to the growing state of paddy rice as plant height, tiller, pest-resistant characteristic etc. investigates, to checking that the exterior quality of paddy rice is identified after results.
1, paddy rice is to the assessment resistance standard of banded sclerotial blight:
According to state of an illness composite index (SDI), do not find after every inoculation (rice seedling) fall ill, namely SDI=0's is immunization type, SDI=0 ~ 1.50 be high resistance; SDI=1.51 ~ 3.00 be disease-resistant; SDI=3.01 ~ 4.50 be in anti-; SDI=4.51 ~ 6.00 susceptible; The middle sense of SDI=6.01 ~ 7.50; The height sense of SDI=7.51 ~ 9.00.See: Wang Ling, Huang Wenwen, Liu Lianmeng, Fu Qiang, Huang Shiwen. to the evaluation of southern china part indica hybrid rice sharp eyespot resistance. " Acta Agronomica Sinica " 2011.
2, paddy rice is to the assessment resistance standard of rice fulgorid:
Investigate in the maturing stage of paddy rice, according to the extent of injury of worm, be not injured 0 grade for immunization type; Be injured light, 1 grade be high resistance; 1-2 end of blade is orange-yellow, and plant is pest-resistant, and 3 grades is anti-; Occur short, leaf over half is orange-yellow, 5 grades be in anti-; Plant is downgraded, and more than 1/2 to 1/3 plant is withered is sense; Plant is all withered, and 9 grades is high sense.See: the wild rice Resistance Identification to brown back rice plant hopper and white-backed planthopper. insect knowledge, 1992 the 1st phases.
3, the exterior quality of paddy rice: Appearance Quality of Paddy Rice comprises chalk rice rate and Chalkiness size, the indexs such as rice kernel shape (length/width ratio) and transparency.Check the exterior quality of the paddy rice that the present invention gathers in the crops, find that the appearance transparent of companion planting kind rice is homogeneous, substantially without chalk in vain, particle shape is long particle shape, length and width and ratio basically identical, without obvious different rice composite character.
Disease-resistant, pest-resistant, the height of table 1 based on Good Quality Indica Rice Yangdao 6 strengthen the multiple good characteristic water such as bar
The output of the companion planting of rice, quality and disease and insect resistance compare
As shown in table 1, take the method for basic cultivar and mutant mixed culture thereof, through land for growing field crops output associating variety comparative test, show that different cultivars plant height is slightly separated with maturation time when field planting, but range of variation obviously can not affect harvest time, the breeding time of companion planting colony is 135 days, only 2 ~ 4 days are differed with other rice varieties, but the Disease and insect resistance of companion planting colony is significantly more excellent, resist in all can reaching rice sheath blight disease and rice fulgorid, its yield level is significantly higher than the output of basic silkworm race and single mutating variety, every per mu yield reaches 712 kilograms, per mu yield improves 31 ~ 76kg.
Claims (1)
1. a paddy rice companion planting method, is characterized in that, comprising:
(1) rice varieties selecting Comprehensive Traits excellent " raise rice No. 6 " based on kind, select the dissimilar mutant deriving from this basic silkworm race as the collocation kind of companion planting; Described mutant is " the close rice in Zhejiang No. 1 ", " Zhejiang rice No. 1 ", " the anti-rice in Zhejiang No. 1 " and " Zhejiang many fringes rice ";
(2) after the seed of described basic silkworm race and each collocation kind being 4:1:1:1:1 mixing according to number ratio, seedling, transplanting;
(3) field management;
(4) gather in the crops with during rice varieties 93 ~ 96% yellow maturity at the latest of ripe phase.
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| CN104206220A (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2014-12-17 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | Mixed sowing and companion planting method for ensuring rice production safety |
| CN106804348A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2017-06-09 | 湖南安邦新农业科技股份有限公司 | A kind of paddy rice companion planting method |
| CN105660382B (en) * | 2016-03-03 | 2017-10-03 | 山东省水稻研究所 | A kind of rice breeding method |
| CN106561367A (en) * | 2016-11-01 | 2017-04-19 | 湖南农业大学 | Paddy rice mixed sowing and mechanical transplanting cultivation method |
| CN107750845A (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2018-03-06 | 海南大学 | A kind of green planting method of rice field disease and pest control |
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| 水稻品种多样性混栽持续控制稻瘟病研究;刘二明等;《中国农业科学》;20031231;第36卷(第2期);第165页 * |
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