JP4932299B2 - 燃料改質器用統合燃料噴射・混合装置およびその使用方法 - Google Patents
燃料改質器用統合燃料噴射・混合装置およびその使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4932299B2 JP4932299B2 JP2006086893A JP2006086893A JP4932299B2 JP 4932299 B2 JP4932299 B2 JP 4932299B2 JP 2006086893 A JP2006086893 A JP 2006086893A JP 2006086893 A JP2006086893 A JP 2006086893A JP 4932299 B2 JP4932299 B2 JP 4932299B2
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0618—Reforming processes, e.g. autothermal, partial oxidation or steam reforming
-
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- B01F23/2132—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media by spraying or atomising of the liquids using nozzles
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- B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
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- B01J19/26—Nozzle-type reactors, i.e. the distribution of the initial reactants within the reactor is effected by their introduction or injection through nozzles
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- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
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- F02M25/10—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding acetylene, non-waterborne hydrogen, non-airborne oxygen, or ozone
- F02M25/12—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding acetylene, non-waterborne hydrogen, non-airborne oxygen, or ozone the apparatus having means for generating such gases
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- F02M27/00—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like
- F02M27/02—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like by catalysts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
- C01B2203/0233—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being a steam reforming step
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
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Description
電子(e-)は電子を第2の電極(陰極)に引き寄せる電気回路に集まる。電子は陽極から使用できる電流、すなわち電力を発生する陰極へと流れる。陽子(H+)は空気または酸素ガス(O2)のような酸化剤が同時発生的に導入される陰極へ電解質膜を通って移動する。この酸化剤と陰極触媒とは水素陽子および電子と電気化学的に反応し、この結果、次の式に従って水と熱とを発生する。
高い製造コストに加えて、燃料電池工業は燃料電池装置が広範な電力発生用途に十分に商業的に利用される以前に解決しなければならない幾つかの重大な課題に直面する。これらの課題はこれに限られないが、次のことを含む。電気化学的損失をより小さくする革新的陽極/電解質/陰極材料;耐久性のある燃料電池相互接続;改良された密封コーン部セプト;適合性のある金属相互接続;先進的スタック冷却法;低コストによる組立工程;すす/炭素堆積機構についての理解;高効率改質器;脱硫装置。
14… 燃料噴射器
24… ガス・スワーラー
30、75… ミキサー/スワーラー
31… ワイヤ
32… ベーン
40… ら旋溝
45… 環状溝
49… 混合室
60… 触媒反応器
92… メッシュ型スクリーン
98… 噴射器
Claims (37)
- 燃料改質器に導入する液状流体を霧化し、混合するための統合燃料噴射・混合装置であって、
圧力のもとで液状流体の微細な液滴を発生する、噴射器チップを有する流体噴射器と、
燃料混合気を供給するため前記流体噴射器の前記噴射器チップの出口と流体連通し、前記流体噴射器からの液状流体の微細な液滴を霧化し、第2の流体と混合する混合室と、ここで、前記混合室は末広上部と先細下部とを備えており、
前記混合室の中心部に配置され、前記混合室の前記末広上部と前記先細下部との間の前記中心部に位置決めされた複数のベーンを備えるミキサーと、ここで、前記ミキサーは前記燃料改質器に通じる入口を通して燃料混合気を導入する前に燃料混合気を安定させるため前記混合室内に構成され、配置されており、
を備える統合燃料噴射・混合装置。 - 前記燃料改質器が蒸気改質器、自己熱改質器および触媒部分酸化改質器からなる群から選ばれる請求項1記載の統合燃料噴射・混合装置。
- 前記流体噴射器が単一型噴射器を備える請求項1記載の統合燃料噴射・混合装置。
- 前記流体噴射器がサイフォン型噴射器である請求項1記載の統合燃料噴射・混合装置。
- 前記流体噴射器が微細な燃料液滴を吸い出し、発生するガスアシスト式噴射器である請求項1記載の統合燃料噴射・混合装置。
- 前記流体噴射器が微細な燃料液滴を発生するためにサイフォン原理および圧力旋回技術の少なくとも1つを使用する請求項1記載の統合燃料噴射・混合装置。
- 燃料液滴が高速で前記混合室に流入する請求項1記載の統合燃料噴射・混合装置。
- 前記第2の流体が加熱気流または過熱蒸気を有する請求項1記載の統合燃料噴射・混合装置。
- 前記加熱気流または過熱蒸気が前記燃料噴射器の前記噴射器チップの周囲に均一に供給される請求項8記載の統合燃料噴射・混合装置。
- 前記ミキサーがより良好な混合とより均一な液滴サイズとを与えるため高速の燃料液滴を減速することで、前記燃料混合気を安定させる請求項1記載の統合燃料噴射・混合装置。
- 前記ミキサーが高速の燃料液滴を前記燃料改質器の入口全域にわたって均一に再分布させることで、前記燃料混合気を安定させる請求項1記載の統合燃料噴射・混合装置。
- 前記ミキサーが共旋回および逆旋回動作を与える単一ミキサーならびに2重ミキサーを含む群から選ばれる請求項1記載の統合燃料噴射・混合装置。
- 2重ミキサーが所定の旋回方向を与える1個ないしそれ以上のベーンを有する、複数のインナ・ミキサーと、別の所定の旋回方向を与える1個ないしそれ以上のベーンを有する、複数のアウタ・ミキサーとを備える請求項12記載の統合燃料噴射・混合装置。
- 前記複数のアウタ・ミキサーの所定の旋回方向が前記複数のインナ・ミキサーの旋回方向と反対方向である請求項13記載の統合燃料噴射・混合装置。
- 前記統合燃料噴射・混合装置がさらに液状流体の均一なサイズの微細な液滴を発生する1層ないしそれ以上のメッシュ型スクリーンを備える請求項1記載の統合燃料噴射・混合装置。
- 前記混合室が続けて流動させるために前記混合室の内面に集まる流体のための径路を与え、前記流体に延長気化時間を付与する1条ないしそれ以上の反垂れ落ち/反炭素溝を備えるように構成され、配置される請求項1記載の統合燃料噴射・混合装置。
- 前記混合室が続けて流動させるために前記混合室の内面に集まる流体のための径路を与え、前記流体に延長気化時間を付与する1本ないしそれ以上のろう付けワイヤを備えるように構成され、配置される請求項1記載の統合燃料噴射・混合装置。
- 前記ミキサーが続けて流動させるために前記前記ミキサーの表面に集まる流体のための径路を与え、前記流体に延長気化時間を付与する1条ないしそれ以上の反垂れ落ち/反炭素溝を備えるように構成され、配置される請求項1記載の統合燃料噴射・混合装置。
- 前記ミキサーが続けて流動させるために前記ミキサーの表面に集まる流体のための径路を与え、前記流体に延長気化時間を付与する1本ないしそれ以上のろう付けワイヤを備えるように構成され、配置される請求項1記載の統合燃料噴射・混合装置。
- 均質な燃料混合気を触媒反応器に供給する方法であって、
噴射器チップを有する流体噴射器内に液状流体の微細な液滴を吸い出し、発生し、
前記微細な燃料液滴を前記噴射器チップの出口と流体連通している混合室に導き、ここで、前記混合室は末広上部、中心部、先細下部および前記末広上部と前記先細下部との間の前記中心部に位置決めされた複数のベーンを有するミキサーを備えており、
前記微細な燃料液滴の霧化を増進するため1ないしそれ以上の他の流体を前記混合室に導き、
均質な燃料混合気を供給するため前記1ないしそれ以上の他の流体を前記微細な燃料液滴と混合し、
前記均質な燃料混合気を前記混合室を通して安定させる、
ステップを含む方法。 - 液状流体の微細な液滴を吸い出し、発生するステップが均一なサイズの微細な液滴を吸い出し、発生することを含む請求項20記載の方法。
- 液状流体の微細な液滴を吸い出し、発生するステップが前記微細な液滴を発生するためサイフォン原理および圧力旋回技術の少なくとも1つを使用することを含む請求項20記載の方法。
- 前記微細な液滴を混合室に導くステップが前記微細な液滴を高速で前記混合室に導入することを含む請求項20記載の方法。
- 前記他の1つないしそれ以上の流体を前記混合室に導くステップが前記他の流体が前記混合室に流入するとき、前記他の1つないしそれ以上の他の流体を前記微細な液滴の周囲に均一に導くことを含む請求項20記載の方法。
- 前記他の1つないしそれ以上の流体を前記混合室に導くステップが加熱気流および蒸気流の少なくとも1つを前記混合室に導くことを含む請求項20記載の方法。
- 前記均質な燃料混合気を安定させるステップがミキサーを用いて高速で、均質な燃料混合気を減速することを含む請求項20記載の方法。
- 前記均質な燃料混合気を安定させるステップが前記燃料混合気を触媒改質器の入口域全域にわたって均一に再分布させることを含む請求項20記載の方法。
- さらに、前記燃料混合気の均一性を向上するため前記燃料混合気をメッシュ装置を通して導入するステップを含む請求項20記載の方法。
- さらに、前記混合室または前記ミキサーの表面に蓄積する燃料液滴の気化を促進するステップを含む請求項20記載の方法。
- 前記混合室または前記ミキサーの表面に蓄積する燃料液滴の気化を促進するステップが前記燃料液滴のさらなる気化を促進するため前記表面に集まる燃料液滴を流動させるように前記混合室の露出表面または前記ミキサーの露出表面に沿って1条またはそれ以上の流路または径路を与えることを含む請求項20記載の方法。
- 前記混合室の内面に沿って1条ないしそれ以上の流路または径路を与えるステップが1条ないしそれ以上のら旋溝または1本ないしそれ以上のろう付けワイヤの少なくとも1つを与えることを含む請求項30記載の方法。
- 前記均質な燃料混合気を供給するため前記他の1ないしそれ以上の流体を微細な燃料液滴と混合するステップが前記微細な燃料液滴と前記他の1ないしそれ以上の流体との均一な混合を増進するため補助流体を前記混合室に導入することを含む請求項20記載の方法。
- 前記補助流体を導入するステップが加熱気流および蒸気流の少なくとも1つを前記混合室に導入することを含む請求項32記載の方法。
- 燃料混合気を触媒改質器に導入する前に均質な燃料混合気を供給するための統合燃料噴射・混合装置であって、
液状流体の液滴を発生する、噴射器チップを有する流体噴射器と、
燃料混合気を供給するため前記流体噴射器の前記噴射器チップの出口と流体連通し、前記流体噴射器からの液状流体の微細な液滴を霧化し、第2の流体と混合する混合室と、ここで、前記混合室は末広上部と先細下部とを備えており、
前記混合室の中心部に配置され、前記混合室の前記末広上部と前記先細下部との間の前記中心部に位置決めされた複数のベーンを備えるミキサーと、ここで、前記ミキサーは前記触媒改質器に均質な燃料混合気を導入する前に均質な燃料混合気を安定させるため前記混合室内に構成され、配置されており、
を備える統合燃料噴射・混合装置。 - 燃料改質器に導入する液状流体を霧化し、混合するための統合燃料噴射・混合装置であって、
液状流体の液滴を発生する、噴射器チップを有する噴射手段と、
燃料混合気を供給するため前記噴射手段の前記噴射器チップの出口と流体連通し、前記噴射手段からの液状流体の微細な液滴を霧化し、第2の流体と混合する混合手段と、ここで、前記混合手段は末広上部と先細下部とを備えており、
前記混合手段の中心部に配置され、前記混合手段の前記末広上部と前記先細下部との間の前記中心部に位置決めされた複数のベーンを備える旋回手段と、ここで、前記旋回手段は前記燃料改質器に通じる入口を通して燃料混合気を導入する前に燃料混合気を安定させるため前記混合手段内に構成され、配置されており、
を備える統合燃料噴射・混合装置。 - 液体燃料を水素リッチ流体に改質するための燃料改質器であって、前記燃料改質器が前記燃料改質器に導入する液状流体を霧化し、混合するための統合燃料噴射・混合装置を備え、前記統合燃料噴射・混合装置が、
圧力のもとで液状流体の微細な液滴を発生する、噴射器チップを有する流体噴射器と、
燃料混合気を供給するため前記流体噴射器の前記噴射器チップの出口と流体連通し、前記流体噴射器からの液状流体の微細な液滴を霧化し、第2の流体と混合する混合室と、ここで、前記混合室は末広上部と先細下部とを備えており、
前記混合室の中心部に配置され、前記混合室の前記末広上部と前記先細下部との間の前記中心部に位置決めされた複数のベーンを備えるミキサーと、ここで、前記ミキサーは前記燃料改質器に通じる入口を通して燃料混合気を導入する前に燃料混合気を安定させるため前記混合室内に構成され、配置されており、
燃料混合気を水素リッチ流体に改質する触媒反応器と、
を備える燃料改質器。 - 燃料電池のための改良物であって、前記改良物が液体燃料を水素リッチ流体に改質する燃料改質器を備え、前記燃料改質器が前記燃料改質器に導入する液状流体を霧化し、混合するための統合燃料噴射・混合装置を備え、前記統合燃料噴射・混合装置が、
圧力のもとで液状流体の微細な液滴を発生する、噴射器チップを有する流体噴射器と、
燃料混合気を供給するため前記流体噴射器の前記噴射器チップの出口と流体連通し、前記流体噴射器からの液状流体の微細な液滴を霧化し、第2の流体と混合する混合室と、ここで、前記混合室は末広上部と先細下部とを備えており、
前記混合室の中心部に配置され、前記混合室の前記末広上部と前記先細下部との間の前記中心部に位置決めされた複数のベーンを備えるミキサーと、ここで、前記ミキサーは前記燃料改質器に通じる入口を通して燃料混合気を導入する前に燃料混合気を安定させるため前記混合室内に構成され、配置されており、
燃料混合気を水素リッチ流体に改質する触媒反応器と、
を備える燃料電池。
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-
2005
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2006
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- 2006-03-07 DE DE602006019018T patent/DE602006019018D1/de active Active
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ATE492718T1 (de) | 2011-01-15 |
US20090065957A1 (en) | 2009-03-12 |
EP1712771A3 (en) | 2007-06-06 |
JP2006298753A (ja) | 2006-11-02 |
EP1712771A2 (en) | 2006-10-18 |
DE602006019018D1 (de) | 2011-02-03 |
EP1712771B1 (en) | 2010-12-22 |
US7547002B2 (en) | 2009-06-16 |
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