JP4914339B2 - 放射線硬化性の複合層シート又は複合層フィルム - Google Patents
放射線硬化性の複合層シート又は複合層フィルム Download PDFInfo
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- JP4914339B2 JP4914339B2 JP2007500112A JP2007500112A JP4914339B2 JP 4914339 B2 JP4914339 B2 JP 4914339B2 JP 2007500112 A JP2007500112 A JP 2007500112A JP 2007500112 A JP2007500112 A JP 2007500112A JP 4914339 B2 JP4914339 B2 JP 4914339B2
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Description
本発明は、少なくとも1つの基層と、ガラス転移温度が50℃未満であり、かつ二重結合密度が大きい放射線硬化性材料を含有する少なくとも1つのカバー層とからの放射線硬化性の複合層シート又は複合層フィルムに関する。
カバー層は、放射線硬化性である。従って、カバー層としては、ラジカル又はイオン硬化性の基(略して硬化性基)を含有する放射線硬化性材料を使用する。ラジカル硬化性基が好ましい。
i) 平均モル質量Mnが2000g/モルより大きいエチレン性不飽和基を有するポリマー、
ii) i)と、i)とは異なるモル質量が2000g/モル未満のエチレン性不飽和低分子化合物との混合物、
iii) 飽和の熱可塑性ポリマーとエチレン性不飽和化合物との混合物
からなる群からの選択された少なくとも1種の結合剤を含有することが好ましい。
ポリマーとしては、例えば、エチレン性不飽和化合物のポリマーが好適であるが、モル質量が2000g/モルより大きいポリエステル、ポリエーテル、ポリカーボネート、ポリエポキシド又はポリウレタンも好適である。
(a)少なくとも1種の有機脂肪族、芳香族又は脂環式のジ−又はポリイソシアネート、
(b)少なくとも1個のイソシアネートに対して反応性の基と、少なくとも1個のラジカル重合可能な不飽和基とを有する少なくとも1種の化合物及び
(c)場合により、少なくとも2個のイソシアネートに対して反応性の基を有する少なくとも1種の化合物
を含有する。
1)芳香族、脂肪族及び/又は脂環式ジイソシアネートのイソシアヌレート基を有するポリイソシアネート。この場合、相応の脂肪族及び/又は脂環式イソシアナトイソシアヌレート、特にこれらは、ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート及びイソホロンジイソシアネートをベースとする。この場合に存在するイソシアヌレートは、特に、ジイソシアネートの環式三量体であるトリス−イソシアナトアルキル−若しくはトリス−イソシアナトシクロアルキル−イソシアヌレート、又は1個以上のイソシアヌレート環を有するそれらの高級な同族体との混合物である。このイソシアナトイソシアヌレートは、一般的に、NCO含有率が10〜30質量%、特に15〜25質量%であり、平均NCO官能価は3〜4.5である。
(b)イソシアネートに対して反応性の基1.5〜3.0、好ましくは1.5〜2.5、特に好ましくは1,5〜2.0、殊に好ましくは1.6〜1.8モルの並びに、
(c)イソシアネートに対して反応性の基0〜1.5、好ましくは0.5〜1.5、特に好ましくは0.7〜1.5、殊に好ましくは0.8〜1.5モル。ポリウレタンを水系で使用する際には、存在するイソシアネート基を実質的に全て反応させることが好ましい。
不飽和ポリマーi)は、エチレン性不飽和の低分子化合物との混合物中で使用してよい。本明細書中では、低分子化合物は、数平均分子量が2000g/モル(ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィーにより測定、標準としてポリスチレンを用いる)未満の化合物と解される。
シュウ酸、マレイン酸、フマル酸、酒石酸、グルタル酸、アジピン酸、セバシン酸、ドデカン2酸、oーフタル酸、イソフタル酸、テレフタル酸、トリメリット酸、アゼライン酸、1,4−シクロヘキサンジカルボン酸又はテトラヒドロフタル酸、スベリン酸、アゼライン酸、無水フタル酸、テトラヒドロ無水フタル酸、ヘキサヒドロ無水フタル酸、テトラクロロ無水フタル酸、エンドメチレンテトラヒドロ無水フタル酸、無水グルタル酸、無水マレイン酸、二量体脂肪酸、これらの異性体及び水素化生成物並びにエステル化可能な誘導体、例えば無水物又はジアルキルエステル、例えば上述の酸のC1〜C4−アルキルエステル、好ましくはメチル−、エチル−、又はnーブチルエステルを使用する。一般式HOOC−(CH2)y−COOHで示され、yは、1〜20の数であり、好ましくは2〜20の偶数であるジカルボン酸が好ましく、酒石酸、アジピン酸、セバシン酸及びドデカンジカルボン酸が特に好ましい。このポリエステルオールの製造のための多価アルコールとしては、1,2−プロパンジオール、エチレングリコール、2,2−ジメチル−1,2−エタンジオール、1,3−プロパンジオール、1,2−ブタンジオール、1,3−ブタンジオール、1,4−ブタンジオール、3ーメチルペンタン−1,5−ジオール、2−エチルヘキサン−1,3−ジオール、2,4−ジエチルオクタン−1,3−ジオール、1,6−ヘキサンジオール、モル質量が162〜2000であるポリ−THF、モル質量が134〜1178であるポリ−1,3−プロパンジオール、モル質量が134〜898であるポリ−1,2−プロパンジオール、モル質量が106〜458であるポリエチレングリコール、ネオペンチルグリコール、ヒドロキシピバリン酸ネオペンチルグリコールエステル、2−エチル−1,3−プロパンジオール、2−メチル−1,3−プロパンジオール、2,2−ビス(4−ヒドロキシシクロヘキシル)プロパン、1,1−、1,2−、1,3−及び1,4−シクロヘキサンジメタノール、1,2−、1,3−若しくは1,4−シクロヘキサンジオール、トリメチロールブタン、トリメチロールプロパン、トリメチロールエタン、ネオペンチルグリコール、ペンタエリトリトール、グリセリン、ジトリメチロールプロパン、ジペンタエリトリトール、ソルビトール、マンニトール、ジグリセロール、トレイトール、エリトリトール、アドニトール(リビトール)、アラビトール(リキシトール)、キシリトール、ズルシトール(ガラクチトール)、マルチトール又はイソマルチトールが挙げられる。
飽和の熱可塑性ポリマーとしては、例えば、ポリメチルメタクリレート、ポリスチレン、耐衝撃性ポリメチルメタクリレート、耐衝撃性ポリスチレン、ポリカーボネート、ポリウレタンが好適である。
i)少なくとも20質量%、好ましくは少なくとも30質量%、特に好ましくは少なくとも50質量%、殊に好ましくは少なくとも60質量%、なかんずく好ましくは少なくとも75質量%、とりわけ少なくとも80質量%であり、かつ100質量まで、好ましくは98質量%まで、特に好ましくは95質量%まで、殊に好ましくは90質量%まで、有利に80質量%まで、
ii)例えば70質量%まで、好ましくは50質量%まで、特に好ましくは25質量%まで、殊に好ましくは10質量%まで、有利に5質量%まで、とりわけ0質量%、
iii)例えば50質量%まで、好ましくは25質量%まで、特に好ましくは10質量%まで、殊に好ましくは5質量%まで、有利に0質量%まで、
但し合計は常に100質量%であることが条件である。
基層は担体として利用され、これにより複合物全体の高い靭性が確保される。
フィルムは、カバー層及び基層の他に、更なる層を含有していてよい。
A)カバー層
B)熱可塑性中間層(場合による)
C)着色中間層(場合による)
D)基層
E)接着層(場合による)。
層B)〜D)からの複合物の製造は、これらの全ての層又は幾つかの層の同時押出によって実施することができる。
このフィルムは、部分硬化(EP−A2819516号に記載されている)を行うことなく、後の使用まで貯蔵することができる。
このフィルムは、成形体の被覆に使用することができる。この場合、任意の成形体を利用することができる。このフィルムを、極めて良好な表面特性、良好な耐候性並びに良好な耐UV性が重要である成形体の被覆に使用することが特に好ましい。更に、得られた表面は、極めて大きい耐引掻性及び付着強度を示し、そうして引掻によるこの表面の破壊又は表面の剥離が確実に回避される。従って、構造物の外側での屋外領域の使用のための成形体は、好ましい使用分野である。特に、このフィルムを自動車の被覆に使用し、例えば泥よけ、ドアトリムパネル、バンパー、スポイラー、スカート並びに外部ミラーが挙げられる。
以下の化合物を使用した:
イソシアヌレート(Fa.BASF社製のBasonat(登録商標) HI100):DIN EN ISO11909によるNCO−含有率が21.5〜22.5%であるヘキサメチレンジイソシアネートをベースとするポリイソシアネート(イソシアヌレート)
ビウレット(Fa.BASF社製のBasonat(登録商標))HB100):DIN EN 11909によるNCO−含有率が22〜23%であるヘキサメチレンジイソシアネートをベースとするポリイソシアネート(ビウレット)
イソシアヌレート(Fa.Degussa社製のVestanat(登録商標)T1890):DIN EN ISO11909によるNCO−含有率が11.7〜12.3%であるイソホロンジイソシアネートをベースとするポリイソシアネート(イソシアヌレート)
Lupraphen(登録商標)VP9327:BASF AG社製、平均モル質量が800g/モルであるアジピン酸/シクロヘキサンジメタノール/イソフタル酸からのポリスチレン、ペンタエリトリトールトリ−及び−テトラアクリレート混合物、Firma UCB社の市販製品、OH数103mgKOH/g
WO00/39183号第24頁第1表に記載されたヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート及びヒドロキシエチルアクリレートからのアロファネート。
ビス−(4−ヒドロキシシクロヘキサン)−イソプロピリデン及びLupraphen(登録商標)VP9327を、ヒドロキシエチルアクリレート及びペンタエリトリトール−トリ/テトラ−アクリレート中に、60℃で撹拌しつつ粗く分散させた。この懸濁液に、イソシアネート、ヒドロキノンモノメチルエーテル、1,6−ジ−t−ブチル−パラ−クレゾール及びブチルアセテートを添加した。ジブチルスズジラウレートを添加した後に、このバッチは熱くなった。内部温度75℃で、反応混合物のNCO−値が実質的にもはや変化しなくなるまで数時間にわたって撹拌した。次いで、NCO−値が0%になるまでメタノールを添加した。
ビス−(4−ヒドロキシシクロヘキサン)−イソプロピリデン 94.88g(30モル%OH)
Lupraphen(登録商標)VP9327 105.50g(10モル%OH)
ヒドロキシエチルアクリレート 79.75g(27.5モル%OH)
ペンタエリトリトール−トリ/テトラ−アクリレート 389.13g(27.5モル%OH)
イソシアヌレート(HDIをベースとする) 262.08g(55モル%NCO)
イソシアヌレート(IPDIをベースとする) 273.15g(45モル%NCO)
ヒドロキノンモノメチルエーテル 0.602g(固体に対して0.05%)
1,6−ジ−t−ブチル−パラ−クレゾール 1.204g(固体に対して0.1%)
ブチルアセテート 516.21g(70%固体)
ジブチルスズジラウレート 0.241g(固体に対して0.02%)
メタノール 10.65g(5モル%OH)。
Tg=18.3℃、η=40〜50Pa・s/室温、二重結合密度=2.56モル/kg(100%)。
AMTEC−Kistler試験法による相対的な残留光沢値57.40%。
ビス−(4−ヒドロキシシクロヘキサン)−イソプロピリデンを、ヒドロキシエチルアクリレート及びペンタエリトリトール−トリ/テトラ−アクリレート中に、60℃で撹拌しつつ粗く分散させた。この懸濁液に、イソシアネート、ヒドロキノンモノメチルエーテル、1,6−ジ−t−ブチル−パラ−クレゾール及びブチルアセテートを添加した。ジブチルスズジラウレートを添加した後に、このバッチは熱くなった。内部温度75℃で、反応混合物のNCO−値が実質的にもはや変化しなくなるまで数時間にわたって撹拌した。次いで、NCO−値が0%になるまでメタノールを添加した。
ヒドロキシエチルアクリレート 39.88g(27.5モル%OH)
ペンタエリトリトール−トリ/テトラ−アクリレート 194.81g(27.5モルOH)
イソシアヌレート(HDIをベースとする) 89.34g(37.5モル%NCO)
ビウレット(HDIをベースとする) 92.87g(37.5モル%NCO)
イソシアヌレート(IPDIをベースとする) 75.88g(25モル%NCO)
ヒドロキノンモノメチルエーテル 0.278g(固体に対して0.05%)
1,6−ジ−t−ブチル−パラ−クレゾール 0.556g(固体に対して0.1%)
ブチルアセテート 238.30g(70%固体)
ジブチルスズジラウレート 0.222g(固体に対して0.04%)
メタノール 4.46g(5モル%OH)。
Tg=13.2℃、η=47Pa・s/室温、二重結合密度=2.8モル/kg(100%)。
AMTEC−Kistler試験法による相対的な残留光沢値57.00%。
ビス−(4−ヒドロキシシクロヘキサン)−イソプロピリデンを、ヒドロキシエチルアクリレート及びペンタエリトリトール−トリ/テトラ−アクリレート中に、60℃で撹拌しつつ粗く分散させた。この懸濁液に、イソシアネート、ヒドロキノンモノメチルエーテル、1,6−ジ−t−ブチル−パラ−クレゾール及びブチルアセテートを添加した。ジブチルスズジラウレートを添加した後に、このバッチは熱くなった。内部温度75℃で、反応混合物のNCO−値が実質的にもはや変化しなくなるまで数時間にわたって撹拌した。次いで、NCO−値が0%になるまでメタノールを添加した。
ヒドロキシエチルアクリレート 27.5モル%OH
ペンタエリトリトール−トリ/テトラ−アクリレート 27.5モル%OH
HDI及びHEAからのアロファネート 55モル%NCO
イソシアヌレート(IPDIをベースとする) 45モル%NCO
ヒドロキノンモノメチルエーテル 固体に対して0.05%
1,6−ジ−t−ブチル−パラ−クレゾール 固体に対して0.1%
ブチルアセテート 70%固体
ジブチルスズジラウレート 固体に対して0.04%
メタノール 5モル%OH。
Tg=11.3℃、η=6.6Pa・s/室温、二重結合密度(理論値)=4.41モル/kg(100%)。
二重結合密度(水素化ヨウ素数)=77gヨウ素/100g(3.03モル/kg(70%)に相当)、すなわち4.33モル/kg(100%)。
AMTEC−キスラー(Kistler)試験法による相対的な残留光沢値52.6%。
WO00/63015号からの実施例1に従い、相対的な残留光沢値を測定した。
振子減衰値、エリクセン押出値及び耐引掻性の使用技術特性の測定
振子減衰値の測定を、DIN53157と同様に実施した。このために、未乾燥皮膜の厚さが400μmの放射線硬化性組成物をガラス上に施与した。この未乾燥皮膜を最初に15分にわたって室温で空気に曝し、次いで20分にわたって100℃で乾燥させた。このように得られた皮膜の硬化を、2つのUVランプ(高圧水銀灯M400U2H型及びM400U2HC型)を備え、かつ窒素雰囲気(O2≦500ppm)下でベルトコンベア速度10m/分であるIST被覆装置(M402×1−R−IR−SLC−So inert型)上で実施した。
Claims (18)
- 少なくとも1つの基層と、少なくとも1つのカバー層とからの放射線硬化性の複合層シート又は複合層フィルムを成形部品の被覆に用いる使用において、前記カバー層は、結合剤を含有する放射線硬化性材料からなり、前記結合剤は、構成成分として少なくとも1種の脂環式イソシアネートを含有する少なくとも1種のウレタン(メタ)アクリレートを含有し、ガラス転移温度が20℃未満であり、かつエチレン性不飽和基の含有量が前記結合剤1kg当たり2モルより大きいことを特徴とする使用。
- カバー層が透明である、請求項1に記載の放射線硬化性の複合層シート又は複合層フィルムを成形部品の被覆に用いる使用。
- 前記少なくとも1種のウレタン(メタ)アクリレートが、さらに、脂肪族ジイソシアネートを含有する、請求項1又は2に記載の放射線硬化性の複合層シート又は複合層フィルムを成形部品の被覆に用いる使用。
- 結合剤が、構成成分としてイソホロンジイソシアネート及びヘキサメチレンジイソシアネートを含有する少なくとも1種のウレタン(メタ)アクリレートを含有する、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の放射線硬化性の複合層シート又は複合層フィルムを成形部品の被覆に用いる使用。
- 基層とカバー層との間に、着色中間層が更に存在する、請求項1から4までの何れか1項に記載の放射線硬化性の複合層シート又は複合層フィルムを成形部品の被覆に用いる使用。
- 着色中間層とカバー層との間に、ポリメチルメタクリレート、ポリブチルメタクリレート、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリエステル、ポリオレフィン、アクリロニトリルエチレンプロピレンジエンスチレンコポリマー(A−EPDM)、ポリエーテルイミド、ポリエーテルケトン、ポリフェニレンスルフィド、ポリフェニレンエーテル又はこれらの混合物からの層が更に存在する、請求項1から5までの何れか1項に記載の放射線硬化性の複合層シート又は複合層フィルムを成形部品の被覆に用いる使用。
- 放射線硬化性材料が、モル質量が2000g/モルより大きいエチレン性不飽和基を有するポリマーを、場合により、このポリマーと、このポリマーとは異なるモル質量が2000g/モル未満のエチレン性不飽和の低分子化合物との混合物で、及び/又は飽和の熱可塑性ポリマーとエチレン性不飽和化合物との混合物を含有する、請求項1から6までの何れか1項に記載の放射線硬化性の複合層シート又は複合層フィルムを成形部品の被覆に用いる使用。
- 基層が、熱可塑性ポリマー、特にポリメチルメタクリレート、ポリブチルメタクリレート、ポリウレタン、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリエステル、ポリオレフィン、ポリアミド、ポリカーボネート、アクリロニトリルブタジエンスチレンポリマー(ABS)、アクリルスチレンアクリロニトリルコポリマー(ASA)、アクリロニトリルエチレンプロピレンジエンスチレンコポリマー(A−EPDM)、ポリエーテルイミド、ポリエーテルケトン、ポリフェニレンスルフィド、ポリフェニレンエーテル又はこれらの混合物からの層である、請求項1から7までの何れか1項に記載の放射線硬化性の複合層シート又は複合層フィルムを成形部品の被覆に用いる使用。
- 放射線硬化性材料が、硬化性基を1個のみ有する化合物を10質量%以下で含有することを特徴とする、請求項1から8までの何れか1項に記載の放射線硬化性の複合層シート又は複合層フィルムを成形部品の被覆に用いる使用。
- 被覆された成形部品の製造方法において、請求項1から9までの何れか1項に記載の放射線硬化性の複合層シート又は複合層フィルムを成形部品上に接着させ、次いでこのカバー層を放射線によって硬化させることを特徴とする方法。
- プラスチック製の被覆された成形部品の製造方法において、請求項1から9までの何れか1項に記載の放射線硬化性の複合層シート又は複合層フィルムを深絞り成形機内で深絞り成形し、そしてこの基層の裏側にプラスチック材料を背面射出成形し、この深絞り成形工程の後か又は背面射出成形の後に、このカバー層の放射線硬化を実施することを特徴とする方法。
- 請求項10又は11に記載の方法により得られる、被覆された成形部品。
- 少なくとも1つの基層と、結合剤を含有する放射線硬化性材料からなる少なくとも1つのカバー層とからなり、前記結合剤は、構成成分として少なくとも1種の脂環式イソシアネートを含有する少なくとも1種のウレタン(メタ)アクリレートを含有し、ガラス転移温度が20℃未満であり、かつエチレン性不飽和基の含有量が前記結合剤1kg当たり2モルより大きい放射線硬化性の複合層シート又は複合層フィルムであって、前記基層と前記カバー層との間に、着色中間層が更に存在することを特徴とする放射線硬化性の複合層シート又は複合層フィルム。
- 着色中間層とカバー層との間に、ポリメチルメタクリレート、ポリブチルメタクリレート、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリエステル、ポリオレフィン、アクリロニトリルエチレンプロピレンジエンスチレンコポリマー(A−EPDM)、ポリエーテルイミド、ポリエーテルケトン、ポリフェニレンスルフィド、ポリフェニレンエーテル又はこれらの混合物からの層が更に存在する、請求項13に記載の放射線硬化性の複合層シート又は複合層フィルム。
- 放射線硬化性材料が、モル質量が2000g/モルより大きいエチレン性不飽和基を有するポリマーを、場合により、このポリマーと、このポリマーとは異なるモル質量が2000g/モル未満のエチレン性不飽和の低分子化合物との混合物で、及び/又は飽和の熱可塑性ポリマーとエチレン性不飽和化合物との混合物を含有する、請求項13又は14に記載の放射線硬化性の複合層シート又は複合層フィルム。
- 放射線硬化性材料が、硬化性基を1個のみ有する化合物を10質量%以下で含有することを特徴とする、請求項13から15までの何れか1項に記載の放射線硬化性の複合層シート又は複合層フィルム。
- 前記少なくとも1種のウレタン(メタ)アクリレートが、さらに、脂肪族ジイソシアネートを含有する、請求項13から16までの何れか1項に記載の放射線硬化性の複合層シート又は複合層フィルム。
- 結合剤が、構成成分としてイソホロンジイソシアネート及びヘキサメチレンジイソシアネートを含有する少なくとも1種のウレタン(メタ)アクリレートを含有する、請求項13から17までの何れか1項に記載の放射線硬化性の複合層シート又は複合層フィルム。
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EP1723194A1 (de) | 2006-11-22 |
KR20070031284A (ko) | 2007-03-19 |
WO2005080484A1 (de) | 2005-09-01 |
KR101152489B1 (ko) | 2012-06-01 |
EP1723194B1 (de) | 2015-01-07 |
CN100439430C (zh) | 2008-12-03 |
ES2528658T3 (es) | 2015-02-11 |
DE102004009437A1 (de) | 2005-09-15 |
US7955538B2 (en) | 2011-06-07 |
JP2007522972A (ja) | 2007-08-16 |
US20110171476A1 (en) | 2011-07-14 |
US20070166548A1 (en) | 2007-07-19 |
US8334052B2 (en) | 2012-12-18 |
CN1922246A (zh) | 2007-02-28 |
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