JP4911909B2 - リチウム二次電池用電極の製造方法 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池用電極の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4911909B2 JP4911909B2 JP2005096441A JP2005096441A JP4911909B2 JP 4911909 B2 JP4911909 B2 JP 4911909B2 JP 2005096441 A JP2005096441 A JP 2005096441A JP 2005096441 A JP2005096441 A JP 2005096441A JP 4911909 B2 JP4911909 B2 JP 4911909B2
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 18
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 18
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical group [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 24
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005566 electron beam evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 1
- MYWGVEGHKGKUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.C=C.OC(O)=O MYWGVEGHKGKUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010884 ion-beam technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007779 soft material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000427 thin-film deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
- H01M4/0404—Methods of deposition of the material by coating on electrode collectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
- H01M4/0421—Methods of deposition of the material involving vapour deposition
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/043—Processes of manufacture in general involving compressing or compaction
- H01M4/0435—Rolling or calendering
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/661—Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)
Description
本発明において電極表面を加圧する方法としては、薄膜形成装置内への組み込みによる工程の簡素化が計れる圧延ローラーの使用が好ましい。
<電極の作製>
集電体には、電解法で銅を表面に析出させることにより、表面を粗面化した圧延銅箔(厚み26mm)を用いた。この集電体表面の算術平均粗さRaは、0.5μmである。算術平均粗さRaは、日本工業規格(JIS B 0601)に定められており、触針式表面粗さ計により測定される。表面を粗面化した銅箔の使用により、シリコン薄膜の膜応力や、シリコン薄膜の体積の膨張・収縮応力によるシリコン薄膜の集電体からの剥離を抑制することができる。この集電体上に図1で示した薄膜形成装置を用いて、以下の如くシリコン薄膜を堆積させた。
上述の手順で作製した電極の1200cm2の領域を、電極の斜め方向から光を照射しながら目視観察によって、電極表面に形成された突起の数と位置を確認した。次に、光学顕微鏡を用いて、目視観察で確認した突起のサイズ(水平方向の最大径)と高さを測定した。突起の高さは、平坦部と突起頂点部との焦点のずれから測定した。
突起の検査を行った電極の一部を、直径15cmの圧延ローラーを有する圧延機を用いて、圧延ローラー間ギャップを8μm、ローラー回転速度を200rpm、ローラー通過回数を2回としてプレス処理を行った。
プレス処理後の電極を3.5×34cmの大きさに切り出し、集電タブを取り付け、負極a1、負極a2、負極a3を作製した。比較例として、プレス処理を行っていない電極を用いて、負極b1〜負極b11を作製した。
出発原料としてLi2CO3及びCoCO3 を用いて,Li:Coの原子比が1:1となるように秤量して乳鉢で混合した。この混合物を直径17mmの金型でプレスし加圧成形した後、空気中において800℃で24時間焼成し、LiCoO2の焼成体を得た。続いてこれを乳鉢で粉砕し、平均粒径20μmに調製した。
エチレンカーボネートとジエチレンカーボネートを体積比3:7で混合した溶媒に対し、LiPF6を1モル/リットル溶解して、電解液を作製した。
上記の正極及び負極を、セパレータを介して対向するように重ね合わせた後、これを巻き取り、扁平に押し付けて電極体を作製した。この電極体を、アルゴン雰囲気下のグローボックス中にて、厚み0.11mmのアルミニウムラミネートからなる外装体の袋内に挿入し、電解液を注入した後、封入した。
作製した電池を用いて、充放電サイクル特性を評価した。各電池を、25℃において、電流値50mAで4.2Vまで充電した後、電流値50mAで2.75Vまで放電し、これを1サイクルの充放電とした。この充放電を5回繰り返し、1サイクル目及び5サイクル目の充電容量、放電容量を評価した。また、充放電サイクル特性評価時の電圧値から、短絡発生の有無を判断した。
式1:(充放電効率)=(1サイクル目の放電容量)/(1サイクル目の充電容量)×100
また、表1および表2に示した容量維持率は、以下の式2により算出されるものである。
式2:(容量維持率)=(5サイクル目の放電容量)/(1サイクル目の放電容量)×100
負極b11を用いた電池は、電池作製直後の電圧が0Vを示し、短絡が発生していたため、充放電効率および容量維持率の評価ができなかった。この負極b11の表面には、高さ100μmを超える突起が形成されていたため、負極表面の突起がセパレータを突き破って正極と接触し、短絡不良が発生したと考えられる。負極b11を除いた他の負極の表面に形成された突起の高さは80μm以下で、他の負極を用いた電池は5サイクルの充放電後まで短絡が生じなかった。よって、負極表面に形成された突起高さが80μmを超えると、電池の短絡不良の発生確率が大きくなった。
2…支持ローラー
3…蒸着材料
4…るつぼ
5…電子ビーム銃
6、7…ローラー
8…薄膜形成装置
9…イオン照射源
10…外装体
11…シール部
12…正極集電タブ
13…負極集電タブ
Claims (5)
- 集電体上に活物質の薄膜を真空蒸着法により堆積させて形成するリチウム二次電池用電極の製造方法において、前記薄膜の堆積後に加圧処理を行うことを特徴とするリチウム二次電池用電極の製造方法。
- 前記薄膜が堆積する際に電極表面に付着した、前記薄膜の構成材料で形成される突起の高さが、前記加圧処理後、80μm以下に低減されていることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用電極の製造方法。
- 前記加圧処理をローラープレスで行うことを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載のリチウム二次電池用電極の製造方法。
- 前記集電体の少なくとも表面が、銅または銅を含む合金であることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池用電極の製造方法。
- 前記薄膜が実質的にシリコンからなる請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム二次電池用負極の製造方法。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005096441A JP4911909B2 (ja) | 2005-03-29 | 2005-03-29 | リチウム二次電池用電極の製造方法 |
| US11/390,477 US7727580B2 (en) | 2005-03-29 | 2006-03-28 | Method of manufacturing electrode for lithium secondary batteries |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| JP2005096441A JP4911909B2 (ja) | 2005-03-29 | 2005-03-29 | リチウム二次電池用電極の製造方法 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2006278170A JP2006278170A (ja) | 2006-10-12 |
| JP4911909B2 true JP4911909B2 (ja) | 2012-04-04 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US20100020471A1 (en) * | 2008-07-24 | 2010-01-28 | Adrian Schneuwly | Electrode Device |
| US20110269020A1 (en) * | 2009-01-07 | 2011-11-03 | Yuma Kamiyama | Electrochemical element electrode producing method, electrochemical element electrode, and electrochemical element |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0665028B2 (ja) * | 1987-09-19 | 1994-08-22 | シャープ株式会社 | 電池用電極の製造方法 |
| JPH05171412A (ja) | 1991-12-18 | 1993-07-09 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 一酸化ケイ素蒸着用材料の製造方法 |
| US5460904A (en) * | 1993-08-23 | 1995-10-24 | Bell Communications Research, Inc. | Electrolyte activatable lithium-ion rechargeable battery cell |
| JP2900759B2 (ja) * | 1993-07-20 | 1999-06-02 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | 珪素酸化物蒸着用材料及び蒸着フィルム |
| US5618640A (en) * | 1993-10-22 | 1997-04-08 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Nonaqueous secondary battery |
| DE69529316T2 (de) * | 1994-07-19 | 2003-09-04 | Canon K.K., Tokio/Tokyo | Wiederaufladbare Batterien mit einer speziellen Anode und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
| CN1085898C (zh) * | 1994-10-27 | 2002-05-29 | 富士胶片公司 | 非水蓄电池和其制备方法 |
| US5834052A (en) * | 1995-12-11 | 1998-11-10 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Producing electrode sheet with multilayer structure by simultaneous multilayer coating |
| US6344296B1 (en) * | 1996-08-08 | 2002-02-05 | Hitachi Chemical Company, Ltd. | Graphite particles and lithium secondary battery using the same as negative electrode |
| TW480756B (en) * | 1998-03-18 | 2002-03-21 | Hitachi Ltd | Lithium secondary battery, its electrolyte, and electric apparatus using the same |
| US6235427B1 (en) * | 1998-05-13 | 2001-05-22 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Nonaqueous secondary battery containing silicic material |
| US6387561B1 (en) * | 1998-10-13 | 2002-05-14 | Ngk Insulators, Ltd. | Electrolyte-solution filling method and battery structure of lithium secondary battery |
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-
2005
- 2005-03-29 JP JP2005096441A patent/JP4911909B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2006
- 2006-03-28 US US11/390,477 patent/US7727580B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US7727580B2 (en) | 2010-06-01 |
| US20060228467A1 (en) | 2006-10-12 |
| JP2006278170A (ja) | 2006-10-12 |
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