JP4856663B2 - 2−ストロークエンジン油 - Google Patents
2−ストロークエンジン油 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4856663B2 JP4856663B2 JP2008051392A JP2008051392A JP4856663B2 JP 4856663 B2 JP4856663 B2 JP 4856663B2 JP 2008051392 A JP2008051392 A JP 2008051392A JP 2008051392 A JP2008051392 A JP 2008051392A JP 4856663 B2 JP4856663 B2 JP 4856663B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- polymer
- engine oil
- polybutene
- stroke engine
- oil according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M111/00—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M111/04—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a macromolecular organic compound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M143/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation
- C10M143/06—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation containing butene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M101/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mineral or fatty oil
- C10M101/02—Petroleum fractions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
- C10M107/02—Hydrocarbon polymers; Hydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation
- C10M107/08—Hydrocarbon polymers; Hydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation containing butene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/06—Well-defined aromatic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
- C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/104—Aromatic fractions
- C10M2203/1045—Aromatic fractions used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/106—Naphthenic fractions
- C10M2203/1065—Naphthenic fractions used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/108—Residual fractions, e.g. bright stocks
- C10M2203/1085—Residual fractions, e.g. bright stocks used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
- C10M2205/026—Butene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
- C10M2205/026—Butene
- C10M2205/0265—Butene used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
- C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines
- C10N2040/26—Two-strokes or two-cycle engines
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Description
740cm−1における吸光度/4335cm−1における吸光度
これが下記する計算に用いた方法である。
**:以下PPIB5と称し、これはイソブテンが多いC4流から製造されたポリマーであって実質的にn−ブテンを含まない。
ウルトラビス(登録商標)5ポリブテン(38%w/w)をソルベント・ニュートラル500鉱油(36%w/w)および添加剤パッケージADX 3110(8%w/w、BPケミカルス・アディチブス・リミテッド社)と60℃にてミキサで配合した。次いでケロシン(18%w/w)を添加し、配合物の油特性を測定した。
実施例1の手順を反復したが、ただし使用したソルベント・ニュートラル鉱油はSN500とSN150との配合物(19/81 w/w)とした。さらに、使用したポリブテンはウルトラビス(登録商標)10(本発明による)およびハイビス(登録商標)10(比較試験、本発明によらない)とした。使用した各成分のそれぞれの量は厳密には同一でない。何故なら、各成分の厳密かつ正確な測定は実用的でなく、性能を測定するのに重要でないからである。使用した特定組成物を下表2に示す。
ウルトラビス(登録商標)PB25ポリブテン(36.6% w/w)をソルベント・ニュートラル500鉱油(37.3% w/w)および添加剤パッケージADX 3110(8.1% w/w、BPケミカルス・アディチブス・リミテッド社)と60℃にてミキサで配合した。次いでケロシン(18.6% w/w)を添加し、配合物の油特性を測定した。
実施例1の手順を反復したが、ただし使用したポリブテンをそれぞれPPIB5(本発明による)およびハイビス(登録商標)5(比較試験、本発明によらない)とした。処方に使用した各成分のそれぞれの量は厳密には同一でない。何故なら、このような厳密かつ正確な各成分の測定は性能を測定するのに重要でないからである。これら組成物における各成分を下表6に示す:
Claims (9)
- 300〜2000の分子量(Mn)を有するポリブテンポリマーまたはポリマーの混合物からなる2−ストロークエンジン油において、
740cm-1でのポリマーの赤外吸光度と、4315cm-1と4345cm-1との間のポリマーの赤外吸光度との比が、700以下のMnの数値を有するポリブテンにつき<0.2であり、Mn>700のポリブテンにつき<0.12であり、
該ポリブテンは予備生成した三弗化硼素−エタノール複合体を触媒として使用するイソブテンの重合により生成したものであることを特徴とする2−ストロークエンジン油。 - 300〜2000の数平均分子量(Mn)を有するポリブテンポリマーまたはポリマーの混合物からなり、740cm-1でのポリマーの赤外吸光度と4335cm-1におけるポリマーの赤外吸光度との比が、700以下のポリマーのMnにて<0.2であり、>700のポリマーのMnにて<0.12であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の2−ストロークエンジン油。
- ポリブテンポリマーが<5ppmの塩素を含む請求項1または2に記載の2−ストロークエンジン油。
- ポリブテンポリマーが、ポリマーにおける不飽和結合の60%以上をビニリデン(……=CH2)型とする請求項3に記載の2−ストロークエンジン油。
- ポリブテンが310〜1300の範囲のMnにつき2〜674cStの範囲の動粘度(100℃)を有する請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の2−ストロークエンジン油。
- エンジン油に存在するポリブテンの量が15〜80%w/wの範囲である請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の2−ストロークエンジン油。
- エンジン油が20〜70%w/wの範囲のレベルにて鉱油を含有する請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の2−ストロークエンジン油。
- エンジン油が添加物と炭化水素希釈剤とを含有して、油の取扱性を向上させると共に油と燃料との混和性を向上させる請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の2−ストロークエンジン油。
- さらに合成エステル、ポリ−α−オレフィンおよびアルキル化ベンゼンを含有する請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の2−ストロークエンジン油。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB9317323.5 | 1993-08-20 | ||
GB939317323A GB9317323D0 (en) | 1993-08-20 | 1993-08-20 | Two-stroke engine oils |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP6194294A Division JPH07150162A (ja) | 1993-08-20 | 1994-08-18 | 2−ストロークエンジン油 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2008189933A JP2008189933A (ja) | 2008-08-21 |
JP4856663B2 true JP4856663B2 (ja) | 2012-01-18 |
Family
ID=10740772
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP6194294A Pending JPH07150162A (ja) | 1993-08-20 | 1994-08-18 | 2−ストロークエンジン油 |
JP2008051392A Expired - Lifetime JP4856663B2 (ja) | 1993-08-20 | 2008-02-29 | 2−ストロークエンジン油 |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP6194294A Pending JPH07150162A (ja) | 1993-08-20 | 1994-08-18 | 2−ストロークエンジン油 |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5475171A (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0640680B2 (ja) |
JP (2) | JPH07150162A (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100188814B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1045467C (ja) |
BR (1) | BR9403293A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2117446C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69419369T3 (ja) |
GB (1) | GB9317323D0 (ja) |
HU (1) | HU214839B (ja) |
IN (1) | IN189430B (ja) |
MY (1) | MY110873A (ja) |
SG (1) | SG46960A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3341021B2 (ja) * | 1994-11-28 | 2002-11-05 | 新日本石油株式会社 | 2ストロークサイクルディーゼルエンジン用潤滑油組成物 |
US5965498A (en) * | 1995-11-22 | 1999-10-12 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Two-cycle synthetic lubricating oil |
GB9523916D0 (en) * | 1995-11-22 | 1996-01-24 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Two-cycle ester based synthetic lubricating oil (pt-1041) |
US5741764A (en) * | 1996-10-15 | 1998-04-21 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Two-cycle lubricant containing solvent and high molecular weight polymer |
GB9708628D0 (en) * | 1997-04-29 | 1997-06-18 | Castrol Ltd | A two-stroke motorcycle lubricant |
JP5416325B2 (ja) * | 2000-10-31 | 2014-02-12 | Jx日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 | 2サイクルエンジン油組成物の製造法 |
US20040071997A1 (en) * | 2001-01-31 | 2004-04-15 | Kyoichi Komatsu | Tightened body tightening force stabilization agent, method for stabilization of tightening force using the stabilization agent, and tightened body component part coated with the stabilization agent |
US20060117650A1 (en) * | 2004-12-03 | 2006-06-08 | Electrolux Home Products, Inc. | Single use two-cycle oil packets and method therefor |
US20060287202A1 (en) * | 2005-06-15 | 2006-12-21 | Malcolm Waddoups | Low ash or ashless two-cycle lubricating oil with reduced smoke generation |
US8580719B2 (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2013-11-12 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | Lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engine |
US20140357825A1 (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2014-12-04 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschapp B.V. | High pressure compressor lubrication |
WO2016138939A1 (en) * | 2015-03-03 | 2016-09-09 | Basf Se | Pib as high viscosity lubricant base stock |
Family Cites Families (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2957930A (en) * | 1956-08-27 | 1960-10-25 | Cosden Petroleum Corp | Process for the production of polyisobutylene |
FR1604121A (en) * | 1966-02-01 | 1971-07-12 | Two-stroke marine diesel lubricant containing liquid | |
US3838049A (en) † | 1966-02-01 | 1974-09-24 | G Souillard | Lubricating compositions |
FR1597015A (ja) * | 1968-12-20 | 1970-06-22 | ||
US3753905A (en) * | 1970-09-18 | 1973-08-21 | Cosden Oil & Chem Co | Two cycle lubrication |
BE781636A (fr) * | 1972-04-04 | 1972-07-31 | Labofina Sa | Compositions lubrifiantes pour moteurs deux-temps. |
BE781637A (fr) * | 1972-04-04 | 1972-07-31 | Labofina Sa | Compositions lubrifiantes pour moteurs rotatifs. |
JPS5734317B2 (ja) * | 1972-05-23 | 1982-07-22 | ||
JPS6042493A (ja) * | 1983-08-18 | 1985-03-06 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 二サイクルエンジン油組成物 |
GB8329082D0 (en) * | 1983-11-01 | 1983-12-07 | Bp Chem Int Ltd | Low molecular weight polymers of 1-olefins |
DE3509272A1 (de) * | 1985-03-15 | 1986-09-18 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Katalysatorsystem fuer die kationische polymerisation von isobutylen |
GB8818711D0 (en) † | 1988-08-05 | 1988-09-07 | Shell Int Research | Lubricating oil dispersants |
JP2804271B2 (ja) * | 1988-09-30 | 1998-09-24 | 出光興産株式会社 | 2サイクルエンジン用潤滑油組成物 |
CN1021864C (zh) * | 1990-01-10 | 1993-08-18 | 徐大栋 | 用广播网作通讯通道的农村电力负荷监控系统 |
FR2657088B1 (fr) * | 1990-01-15 | 1994-04-15 | Bp France | Huile lubrifiante hydro-synthetique. |
BE1006694A5 (fr) * | 1991-06-22 | 1994-11-22 | Basf Ag | Procede de preparation de polyisobutenes extremement reactifs. |
US5330667A (en) * | 1992-04-15 | 1994-07-19 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Two-cycle oil additive |
GB9221846D0 (en) * | 1992-10-17 | 1992-12-02 | Castrol Ltd | Lubricants |
US5321172A (en) * | 1993-02-26 | 1994-06-14 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Lubricating composition for two-cycle internal combustion engines |
-
1993
- 1993-08-20 GB GB939317323A patent/GB9317323D0/en active Pending
-
1994
- 1994-08-03 IN IN988DE1994 patent/IN189430B/en unknown
- 1994-08-04 US US08/285,795 patent/US5475171A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-08-10 CA CA002117446A patent/CA2117446C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-08-12 SG SG1995001774A patent/SG46960A1/en unknown
- 1994-08-12 DE DE69419369T patent/DE69419369T3/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-08-12 EP EP94305982A patent/EP0640680B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-08-18 JP JP6194294A patent/JPH07150162A/ja active Pending
- 1994-08-19 BR BR9403293A patent/BR9403293A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-08-19 CN CN94109568A patent/CN1045467C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-08-19 MY MYPI94002175A patent/MY110873A/en unknown
- 1994-08-19 HU HU9402412A patent/HU214839B/hu unknown
- 1994-08-20 KR KR1019940020605A patent/KR100188814B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2008
- 2008-02-29 JP JP2008051392A patent/JP4856663B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR950005966A (ko) | 1995-03-20 |
GB9317323D0 (en) | 1993-10-06 |
EP0640680A1 (en) | 1995-03-01 |
JP2008189933A (ja) | 2008-08-21 |
US5475171A (en) | 1995-12-12 |
HU214839B (hu) | 1998-06-29 |
CA2117446A1 (en) | 1995-02-21 |
CN1045467C (zh) | 1999-10-06 |
CN1107880A (zh) | 1995-09-06 |
DE69419369D1 (de) | 1999-08-12 |
CA2117446C (en) | 2003-11-04 |
EP0640680B2 (en) | 2003-12-17 |
DE69419369T2 (de) | 1999-11-04 |
HUT69327A (en) | 1995-09-28 |
JPH07150162A (ja) | 1995-06-13 |
EP0640680B1 (en) | 1999-07-07 |
HU9402412D0 (en) | 1994-11-28 |
MY110873A (en) | 1999-05-31 |
SG46960A1 (en) | 1998-03-20 |
BR9403293A (pt) | 1995-04-11 |
KR100188814B1 (ko) | 1999-06-01 |
IN189430B (ja) | 2003-02-22 |
DE69419369T3 (de) | 2004-06-09 |
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