JP4830066B2 - 生キノコエキス製造方法、エキス及びエキス配合物 - Google Patents
生キノコエキス製造方法、エキス及びエキス配合物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4830066B2 JP4830066B2 JP2006513003A JP2006513003A JP4830066B2 JP 4830066 B2 JP4830066 B2 JP 4830066B2 JP 2006513003 A JP2006513003 A JP 2006513003A JP 2006513003 A JP2006513003 A JP 2006513003A JP 4830066 B2 JP4830066 B2 JP 4830066B2
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- shiitake
- mushrooms
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- mushroom
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Description
原材料として、徳島県において菌床栽培方式で栽培された生椎茸を、収穫後直ちに、即ちできる限り鮮度の高いものを用いた。
生椎茸をペースト化する際には、磨砕機にて、1,600rpmの回転数で40ミクロン〜70ミクロンまで磨砕してペーストとした。そのとき、摩擦熱等による温度上昇は、椎茸磨砕物の品温が60℃を超えず、ある程度の品温、20℃〜50℃、好ましくは30℃〜40℃となるように調節した。このペースト化が、自家発酵の促進につながる。
ペースト化した生椎茸でさらに自家発酵を促進させるため、椎茸ペーストを適当量袋に詰め、真空ポンプ等により減圧操作を行い、密封した。これを2時間〜18時間、好ましくは3時間〜6時間、前記の温度で保温した。
ペースト化に続いて自家発酵させた生椎茸を、-20℃以下に緩慢凍結させた。完全に凍結後、今度は緩慢解凍を行い、そのとき得られる解凍液部を収集し、液中の酵素失活及び殺菌を兼ねて加熱処理を行った(120℃、40分程度)。加熱処理により派生した沈殿は、フィルタープレス等でろ過後、再度、加熱殺菌処理を行い、目的のエキスを得た。得られるエキスは、水分93%前後でほとんど多糖類を含まず、グルコース、トレハロース等の糖質を1〜2%、遊離アミノ酸を0.8〜0.9%、γ-アミノ酪酸を50〜70mg/100ml、エリタデニンを15〜20mg/100ml含み、pH5.5〜6.5である。この方法で調整した椎茸エキスをFPエキスとした。当該FPエキスの粉末化はスプレードライもしくは凍結真空乾燥により可能である。対照エキスとして以下の3種類を用意した。FTエキスは、生椎茸をペースト化し、自家発酵をさせずに2倍量の蒸留水を加え、120℃、50分熱水抽出後、遠心分離(約10,000xg、20分)した上清である。SFPエキスは、生椎茸をそのまま加熱処理(120℃、50分のオートクレーブ処理)したものをペースト化し、以後の緩慢凍結からFPエキスと同様の操作にて凍結解凍抽出したエキスである。NDエキスは、乾燥椎茸を粉末にし、FTエキスの水分量と同量の蒸留水を加え、120℃、50分熱水抽出後、遠心分離(約10,000xg、20分)した上清である。
表1に、上記製造法によって得られた各椎茸エキスに含有されるLPS(リポポリサッカライド)、糖、タンパク質、及び核酸の量を測定した結果を示す。
1)LPSは、トキシカラーシステム(生化学工業)を用い、標準エンドトキシンを標準物質として、測定した。測定値は、LPSとβ-グルカンの総和である。
2)糖は、フェノール硫酸法により、グルコースを標準物質として測定した。
3)タンパク質はブラッドフォード法により、牛血清アルブミンを標準物質として測定した。
4)核酸はOD260の吸光度×50μg/mlから算出した。
5)遊離アミノ酸量及びγ-アミノ酪酸(GABA)はニンヒドリン法を利用しアミノ酸分析計(6300E型、ベックマン社製)にて測定した。
免疫活性はマクロファージをLPSで刺激した場合に産生される一酸化窒素量で比較することが可能である。そこで、マウスマクロファージ細胞株RAW264のけんだく液(8×105cell/100μl)に、LPS(1μg/ml)と、11.3%になるように希釈した各種椎茸エキスをあわせて100μl添加し、24時間後の培養上清を回収し、グリエス試薬にて産生された一酸化窒素量に対応する亜硝酸濃度を測定した。RAW264細胞をLPSで刺激すると一酸化窒素が誘導される。ここにFPエキスを加えると、この一酸化窒素産生が抑制されることより、FPエキス中には、マクロファージ活性化を抑制する因子が含まれると考えられる(図3)。前述したように、椎茸には免疫活性化成分と免疫抑制化成分の両方が含まれていると考えられる。FPエキスの免疫抑制効果は、FTエキス、NDエキスに比べて強いことより、FPエキス抽出方法にて、生椎茸の持つ免疫抑制成分が効果的に分離されたことが示されている。FPエキスでは、上述のようにアミノ酸の成分変化及び高血圧に効果があるとされるGABAの含量が増えており、このことが免疫機能の抑制効果に相乗的に作用することが考えられる。
FPエキスについて、マウスを用いたIgE依存性アレルギー反応の実験系により抑制効果が認められるかどうかについて検討した。
「IgE(+)」は、抗DNP-IgEモノクローナル抗体溶液を静脈投与した陽性対照群の浮腫の平均値±標準偏差を示す。
「プレドニン」は、早期反応(1時間目の浮腫)および遅発反応(24時間目の浮腫)を共に抑制する効果が知られているプレドニン投与群の浮腫の平均値±標準偏差を示す。
「FPエキス」は、FPエキス投与群の浮腫の平均値±標準偏差を示す。
FPエキス入り飴製造方法
原材料としてグラニュー糖、水飴、水、椎茸エキスを5:5:5:1の割合で混合し、加熱して120℃〜160℃で煮詰めた。これを冷却用鉄板上で冷却し、棒状に引き伸ばして5g前後の粒状に成型し飴を得た。この飴は、原料キノコ(椎茸)の風味はなく、万人向けの味であった。エキス分が口内に留まる時間が長いため、のどの炎症を緩和した。
1)FPエキス入り脂溶性クリーム処方
下記組成の脂溶性基材にFPエキスを9対1の割合で添加し、混合して軟膏を得た。
100g中
白色ワセリン・・・・・・・・・・・・・・25g
ステアリルアルコール・・・・・・・・・・20g
プロピレンアルコール・・・・・・・・・・12g
ポリオキシエチレン硬化ヒマシ油60・・・・4g
モノステアリン酸グリセリン・・・・・・・ 1g
パラオキシ安息香酸メチル・・・・・・・ 0.1g
パラオキシ安息香酸プロピル・・・・・・ 0.1g
精製水・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 適量 含有
原料キノコ(椎茸)独特のにおいはなく、若干褐色を呈した。両方の手に手荒れのある女性の片手のみに塗布してもらったところ、塗布した方の手荒れの炎症が完治した。
下記組成表において、まずA組を70度で加熱溶解し、これに1/4量の精製水で溶き70度で加熱溶解したB組と、1/4量の精製水で溶き70度で加熱溶解したC組を加え、ホモジナイザーで充分混合した後、40度まで冷却して、D組を加えPHを6.8まで調整したものに残りの精製水とFPエキスを30%加えて十分混合して乳液を得た。椎茸独特のにおいは少なく、若干褐色を呈した。椎茸エキスが持つ糖質等の保水性により、肌の乾燥を防止した。手荒れ等の炎症を緩和した。
Claims (8)
- 生椎茸子実体をペースト化し自家発酵させたものを凍結しその後融解して解凍液部を得ることを特徴とする生椎茸エキス製造方法。
- 請求項1記載の生椎茸エキス製造方法によって製造されたことを特徴とするエキス。
- 請求項2記載のエキスを含有する免疫抑制のための医薬品。
- 請求項2記載のエキスを含有する抗アレルギー用医薬品。
- 請求項2記載のエキスを含有する免疫抑制のための動物用医薬品。
- 請求項2記載のエキスを含有する抗アレルギー用の動物用医薬品。
- 請求項2記載のエキスが配合されていることを特徴とするエキス配合物。
- 前記エキス配合物は、医薬部外品、化粧料、食品、又は機能性食品であることを特徴とする請求項7記載のエキス配合物。
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