JP4741473B2 - スチレンのフリーラジカル重合における促進剤の使用 - Google Patents
スチレンのフリーラジカル重合における促進剤の使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4741473B2 JP4741473B2 JP2006508911A JP2006508911A JP4741473B2 JP 4741473 B2 JP4741473 B2 JP 4741473B2 JP 2006508911 A JP2006508911 A JP 2006508911A JP 2006508911 A JP2006508911 A JP 2006508911A JP 4741473 B2 JP4741473 B2 JP 4741473B2
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- styrene
- cobalt
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- metal salt
- polymerization
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- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 72
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 title 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 229920005669 high impact polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000004797 high-impact polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- GEMHFKXPOCTAIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyl-n'-phenylcarbamimidoyl chloride Chemical compound CN(C)C(Cl)=NC1=CC=CC=C1 GEMHFKXPOCTAIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- SKVOYPCECYQZAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexyl 2-methylbutan-2-ylperoxy carbonate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)OOOC(C)(C)CC SKVOYPCECYQZAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- KDGNCLDCOVTOCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy propan-2-yl carbonate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)OOC(C)(C)C KDGNCLDCOVTOCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- IMYCVFRTNVMHAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-bis(2-methylbutan-2-ylperoxy)cyclohexane Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)OOC1(OOC(C)(C)CC)CCCCC1 IMYCVFRTNVMHAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HSLFISVKRDQEBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-bis(tert-butylperoxy)cyclohexane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC1(OOC(C)(C)C)CCCCC1 HSLFISVKRDQEBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- MMEDJBFVJUFIDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(carboxymethyl)phenyl]acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1CC(O)=O MMEDJBFVJUFIDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene-styrene rubber Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940120693 copper naphthenate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- SEVNKWFHTNVOLD-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;3-(4-ethylcyclohexyl)propanoate;3-(3-ethylcyclopentyl)propanoate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CCC1CCC(CCC([O-])=O)C1.CCC1CCC(CCC([O-])=O)CC1 SEVNKWFHTNVOLD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- HARQWLDROVMFJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 3,3-bis(tert-butylperoxy)butanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(C)(OOC(C)(C)C)OOC(C)(C)C HARQWLDROVMFJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 t-butylperoxy Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl benzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert‐butyl hydroperoxide Chemical group CC(C)(C)OO CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 47
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 35
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 29
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 28
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 23
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 23
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 20
- YQHLDYVWEZKEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N cumene hydroperoxide Chemical compound OOC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 YQHLDYVWEZKEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 14
- 150000002432 hydroperoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 9
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 6
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001869 cobalt compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- FJDJVBXSSLDNJB-LNTINUHCSA-N cobalt;(z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one Chemical compound [Co].C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O FJDJVBXSSLDNJB-LNTINUHCSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004342 Benzoyl peroxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- CABJOLBHWJIZSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-one;hydrogen peroxide Chemical class OO.CCC(C)=O CABJOLBHWJIZSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroperoxide group Chemical group [O-]O MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- SPTHWAJJMLCAQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-di(propan-2-yl)benzene;hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO.CC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1C(C)C SPTHWAJJMLCAQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl ethyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002081 peroxide group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000005634 peroxydicarbonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- NALFRYPTRXKZPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-bis(tert-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CC(C)(C)CC(OOC(C)(C)C)(OOC(C)(C)C)C1 NALFRYPTRXKZPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKIRBHVFJGXOIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-di(propan-2-yl)benzene Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1C(C)C OKIRBHVFJGXOIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HWCBEGMIBCYKST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-hydroperoxypropan-2-yl)-4-propan-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=C(C(C)(C)OO)C=C1 HWCBEGMIBCYKST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-phenylpropan-2-ylperoxy)propan-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MIRQGKQPLPBZQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroperoxy-2,4,4-trimethylpentane Chemical group CC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)OO MIRQGKQPLPBZQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001012508 Carpiodes cyprinus Species 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004609 Impact Modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- YIVJZNGAASQVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lauroyl peroxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OOC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC YIVJZNGAASQVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001237745 Salamis Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007259 addition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005377 adsorption chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000746 allylic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012986 chain transfer agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003636 chemical group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001868 cobalt Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004700 cobalt complex Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 description 1
- MRIZMKJLUDDMHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cumene;hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO.CC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 MRIZMKJLUDDMHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012933 diacyl peroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- NICWAKGKDIAMOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 3,3-bis(2-methylbutan-2-ylperoxy)butanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(C)(OOC(C)(C)CC)OOC(C)(C)CC NICWAKGKDIAMOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FGGJBCRKSVGDPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroperoxycyclohexane Chemical compound OOC1CCCCC1 FGGJBCRKSVGDPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MEUKEBNAABNAEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroperoxymethane Chemical group COO MEUKEBNAABNAEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005609 naphthenate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005502 peroxidation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000864 peroxy group Chemical group O(O*)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015175 salami Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006276 transfer reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006305 unsaturated polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
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-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/38—Polymerisation using regulators, e.g. chain terminating agents, e.g. telomerisation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F12/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring
- C08F12/02—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
- C08F12/04—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F12/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F12/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring
- C08F12/02—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
- C08F12/04—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring
- C08F12/06—Hydrocarbons
- C08F12/08—Styrene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F236/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds
- C08F236/02—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds
- C08F236/04—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds conjugated
- C08F236/10—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds conjugated with vinyl-aromatic monomers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F279/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of monomers having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds as defined in group C08F36/00
- C08F279/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of monomers having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds as defined in group C08F36/00 on to polymers of conjugated dienes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/06—Metallic compounds other than hydrides and other than metallo-organic compounds; Boron halide or aluminium halide complexes with organic compounds containing oxygen
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Graft Or Block Polymers (AREA)
- Polymerization Catalysts (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
Description
RCOO*または〜P*+RCOOH → 〜PH+ROO*
ポリスチリル基のt−ブチルヒドロパーオキサイド(t−BHP)、クミルヒドロパーオキサイド(CHP)、ベンゾイルパーオキサイド(Bz2O2)およびアゾビスイソブチロニトリル(AIBN)への連鎖移動が非特許文献1(引用することによって本明細書に組み入れられる)で調査された。AIBNおよびベンゾイルパーオキサイドは速度と1/DP(重合度)の間に古典的な線形相互関係をもたらし、このことは、開始剤への連鎖移動が起こらないことを示している。しかしながら、ヒドロパーオキサイドは連鎖移動を有意な度合で起こすことが分かっている。
を製造しようとする時にそのような反応が用いられる。
BaysalおよびTobolsky、Journal of Polymer Science、8巻、529頁以降(1952) A.I.LowellおよびJ.R.Price、Journal of Polymer Science、43巻、1頁以降(1960) B.Dean、「Graft Copolymers from Peroxidized EPDM Rubber」、Journal of Applied Polymer Science、32巻、5619−5625頁(1986)
(発明の詳細な説明)
本発明の組成物は、ポリジエン変性(polydiene−modified)モノビニル芳香族重合体を含有して成ることができ、かつゴム(ポリブタジエン)変性ポリスチレンを含有して成ることができる。スチレン単量体の重合をゴムを約2から約15重量パーセント存在させて起こさせることでポリスチレンホモ重合体が示す耐衝撃性より優れた耐衝撃性を示す重合体を生じさせることができる。本主題組成物の製造で使用可能なゴムはポリブタジエンである。その結果として生じる熱可塑性組成物(これはそのような材料から製造可能である)は耐衝撃性ポリスチレン、即ちHIPSである。本発明の態様で生じさせた重合体が有する主な形態はセル(cell)または「サラミ(salami)」[コア−シェル(core−shell)をいくらか伴う]であり、このことは、ポリスチレンの連続相が多数の分散した構造物を含んでいて明確な膜を有するゴム粒子の中にポリスチレンが捕捉されておりかつ少量のポリスチレンが前記芳香族重合体にグラフト化した単一セルのポリブタジエンシェルの内部に吸蔵されていることを意味する。
00ppmの濃度で用いかつ溶媒を用いて行うことで実施可能である。本発明の方法で用いるに有用なヒドロパーオキサイドおよびパーオキシジカーボネート、パーオキシエステル、パーオキシケタール、ジアルキルパーオキサイドである開始剤には、110−130℃における半減期が1時間の開始剤であるパーオキサイドが含まれ、それらには、これらに必ずしも限定するものでないが、1,1−ジ−(t−ブチルパーオキシ)シクロヘキサン[ATOFINA Chemicals,Inc.から入手可能なLUPERSOL(商標)331触媒、即ちL−331]、1,1−ジ−(t−アミルパーオキシ)シクロヘキサン[ATOFINA Chemicals,Inc.から入手可能なLUPERSOL(商標)531触媒、即ちL−531]、t−アミルパーオキシ−2−エチルヘキシルカーボネート(TAEC)、t−ブチルパーオキシイソプロピルカーボネート(TBIC)、エチル−3,3−ジ(t−ブチルパーオキシ)ブチレート、過安息香酸t−ブチル、1,1−ジ−(t−ブチルパーオキシ)−3,3,5−トリメチル−シクロヘキサン[ATOFINA Chemicals,Inc.から入手可能なLUPERSOL(商標)231触媒、即ちL−231]およびエチル−3,3−ジ(t−アミルパーオキシ)ブチレート(LUPERSOL 533)が含まれる。
、添加中または添加後に実施可能である。そのようにパーオキサイドの分解を加速させると、結果として、重合速度が速くなりそして/またはHIPS共重合体におけるグラフト化が向上する。
・ 図2は、110℃の比較的低い温度であってもTBHの濃度を高くすると反応速度が若干速くなることを示している。
・ 表IVは、達成される最終的転化率によってゴムの濃度(%)が変わることを示している。
・ TBHの濃度を高くするとゴム粒子の大きさが若干大きくなることが分かる。
・ 図3は、用いるTBHの濃度を高くすればするほどゲル/ゴムの比率が大きくなることを示している。現時点では、TBHを約0.02%にした時に見られる沈下を説明することはできない。
・ TAECを用いた時の方がL−531を用いた時よりもグラフト化が大きいことが分かる。TAECおよびL−531の活性酸素濃度は6.1に対して11.1であり、その結果として、これらの開始剤の比較をいろいろなppm濃度で行う。
ことに、Lupersol−331を用いた重合はナフテン酸コバルトによる触媒作用をコバルトアセチルアセトネートによる触媒作用よりも良好に受ける一方、Lupersol−531を用いた重合はコバルトアセチルアセトネートによる触媒作用をナフテン酸コバルトによる触媒作用よりも良好に受ける。HIPSを合成する時、図9に示すように、重合速度、反転点(point of inversion)および全体としての粘度がコバルト化合物の影響を受ける。
550を8%存在させて実施したスチレン重合を示す。重合を固体%が低い時に停止させても、溶液の粘度が非常に高かった。回分式重合を通常は固体量が40−50%になるまで実施するが、しかしながら、そのような開始剤混合物を用いると前記溶液から緩いゲルが生じると思われた。
Claims (11)
- (a)スチレンをパーオキサイド開始剤の存在下で重合させ、(b)金属塩の促進剤をスチレンに添加し、この金属塩の促進剤の量はこの促進剤を存在させない以外は同じにした場合と比較して重合速度が速くなる量であり、(c)スチレン重合体を回収することを含むスチレン重合体の製造方法であって、
上記パーオキサイド開始剤を1,1−ジ−(t−ブチルパーオキシ)シクロヘキサン、1,1−ジ−(t−アミルパーオキシ)シクロヘキサン、t−アミルパーオキシ−2−エチルヘキシルカーボネート(TAEC)、t−ブチルパーオキシイソプロピルカーボネート(TBIC)、エチル−3,3−ジ(t−ブチルパーオキシ)ブチレート、過安息香酸t−ブチル、1,1−ジ−(t−ブチルパーオキシ)−3,3,5−トリメチル−シクロヘキサンおよびこれらの混合物から成る群から選択し、
上記金属塩の促進剤をナフテン酸コバルト、コバルトアセトアセトネート、オクタン酸(カプロン酸2−エチル)コバルト、ナフテン酸銅、オクタン酸(カプロン酸2−エチル)鉄、ナフテン酸鉄およびこれらの混合物から成る群から選択し、この金属塩の促進剤をスチレンを基準にして10〜600ppmの範囲の量で添加する、
ことを特徴とするスチレン重合体の製造方法。 - スチレンの重合を110℃〜170℃の範囲の温度で実施する請求項1に記載の方法。
- 上記金属塩の促進剤の量を、この促進剤を存在させない以外は同じにした場合と比較して前記パーオキサイド開始剤の分解速度が速くなる量にする請求項1記載の方法。
- スチレンの重合を少なくとも1種のジエン重合体の存在下で実施し、前記金属塩の促進剤の量を、この促進剤を存在させない以外は同じにした場合と比較して、生じる共重合体のグラフト化が向上するに有効な量にする請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記スチレンと前記ジエン重合体の重量比を97:3〜85:15の範囲にする請求項4記載の方法。
- 得られるスチレン重合体が耐衝撃性ポリスチレン(HIPS)である請求項1に記載の方法。
- (a)スチレンと少なくとも1種のポリジエンをパーオキサイド開始剤の存在下で反応させ、(b)金属塩の促進剤を前記スチレンに、この促進剤を存在させない以外は同じにした場合と比較して共重合体のグラフト化が向上する量で添加し、(c)重合生成物を回収する、ことを含む方法を用いて作られるスチレン/ブタジエン グラフト共重合体であって、
上記パーオキサイド開始剤が1,1−ジ−(t−ブチルパーオキシ)シクロヘキサン、1,1−ジ−(t−アミルパーオキシ)シクロヘキサン、t−アミルパーオキシ−2−エチルヘキシルカーボネート(TAEC)、t−ブチルパーオキシイソプロピルカーボネート(TBIC)、エチル−3,3−ジ(t−ブチルパーオキシ)ブチレート、過安息香酸t−ブチル、1,1−ジ−(t−ブチルパーオキシ)−3,3,5−トリメチル−シクロヘキサンおよびこれらの混合物から成る群から選択され、
上記金属塩の促進剤がナフテン酸コバルト、コバルトアセトアセトネート、オクタン酸(カプロン酸2−エチル)コバルト、ナフテン酸銅、オクタン酸(カプロン酸2−エチル)鉄、ナフテン酸鉄およびこれらの混合物から成る群から選択され、この金属塩の促進剤がスチレンを基準にして10〜600ppmの範囲の量で添加されている、
ことを特徴とするスチレン/ブタジエン グラフト共重合体。 - 110℃〜150℃の範囲の温度で重合したものである請求項7記載の共重合体。
- 上記金属塩の促進剤の量がこの促進剤を存在させない以外は同じにした場合と比較して前記パーオキサイド開始剤の分解速度が速くなる量である請求項7に記載の共重合体。
- スチレンとブタジエンの重量比が97:3から85:15の範囲である請求項9に記載の共重合体。
- 前記重合生成物が耐衝撃性ポリスチレン(HIPS)である請求項7に記載の共重合体。
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US20070032562A1 (en) * | 2005-08-04 | 2007-02-08 | Jose Sosa | Redox polymerization of vinyl aromatic monomers by photosynthesis |
US7754817B2 (en) | 2005-10-31 | 2010-07-13 | Fina Technology, Inc. | Low temperature initiators for improving the rubber phase volume of HIPS formulations |
US8063139B2 (en) | 2009-01-22 | 2011-11-22 | Fina Technology Inc | Methods of making styrenic polymeric compositions and methods of using same |
US20080057295A1 (en) * | 2006-09-01 | 2008-03-06 | Fina Technology, Inc. | Engravable board |
US20080057294A1 (en) * | 2006-09-01 | 2008-03-06 | Fina Technology, Inc. | High impact polystyrene tile |
NL1037120C2 (en) | 2009-07-15 | 2011-01-18 | Holland Novochem Technical Coatings B V | Heat-resistant, chemical resistant, room temperature curable, solvent-free resin compositions to apply as protective coating. |
US20110054123A1 (en) * | 2009-08-26 | 2011-03-03 | Fina Technology, Inc. | High Impact Polymers and Methods of Making and Using Same |
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