JP4730740B2 - 太陽電池およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
太陽電池およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 18
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 claims description 51
- 229910052951 chalcopyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- DVRDHUBQLOKMHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chalcopyrite Chemical compound [S-2].[S-2].[Fe+2].[Cu+2] DVRDHUBQLOKMHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005224 laser annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 20
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000224 chemical solution deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 chalcopyrite compound Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005361 soda-lime glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 240000002329 Inga feuillei Species 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008570 general process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001782 photodegradation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
- H01L31/0256—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by the material
- H01L31/0264—Inorganic materials
- H01L31/032—Inorganic materials including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only compounds not provided for in groups H01L31/0272 - H01L31/0312
- H01L31/0322—Inorganic materials including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only compounds not provided for in groups H01L31/0272 - H01L31/0312 comprising only AIBIIICVI chalcopyrite compounds, e.g. Cu In Se2, Cu Ga Se2, Cu In Ga Se2
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- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/0445—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells including thin film solar cells, e.g. single thin film a-Si, CIS or CdTe solar cells
- H01L31/046—PV modules composed of a plurality of thin film solar cells deposited on the same substrate
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- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/0445—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells including thin film solar cells, e.g. single thin film a-Si, CIS or CdTe solar cells
- H01L31/046—PV modules composed of a plurality of thin film solar cells deposited on the same substrate
- H01L31/0463—PV modules composed of a plurality of thin film solar cells deposited on the same substrate characterised by special patterning methods to connect the PV cells in a module, e.g. laser cutting of the conductive or active layers
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- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/06—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers
- H01L31/072—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers the potential barriers being only of the PN heterojunction type
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- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
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- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0224—Electrodes
- H01L31/022466—Electrodes made of transparent conductive layers, e.g. TCO, ITO layers
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- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/06—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers
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- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
- H01L31/1884—Manufacture of transparent electrodes, e.g. TCO, ITO
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/541—CuInSe2 material PV cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Description
このうち薄膜系は、半導体層が数10μm〜数μm以下の厚さを持つ太陽電池であり、Si薄膜系と化合物薄膜系に分類されている。化合物薄膜系には、II−VI族化合物系、カルコパイライト系等の種類があり、これまでいくつか商品化されてきた。
図1に示すように、カルコパイライト型太陽電池は、ガラス等の基板(サブストレート)上に形成された下部電極層(Mo電極層)と、銅・インジウム・ガリウム・セレンを含む光吸収層(CIGS光吸収層)と、光吸収層薄膜の上に、InS、ZnS、CdS等で形成される高抵抗のバッファ層薄膜と、ZnOAl等で形成される上部電極薄膜(TCO)とから形成される。なお、基板にソーダライムガラス等を用いた場合は、基板内部からのアルカリ金属成分の光吸収層への侵出量を制御する目的で、SiO2等を主成分とするアルカリ制御層を設ける場合もある。
まず、ソーダライムガラス等の基板に下部電極となるMo(モリブデン)電極をスパッタリング等によって成膜する。
次に、Mo電極をレーザーの照射等によって除去することで分割する。(第1のスクライブ、図2の(a))
図3に、第2のスクライブをメカニカルスクライブによっておこなう模式図を示す。
透明上部電極の厚さを厚くすれば、光吸収層の壁面側等単位セルを接続する部分での厚み不足をある程度補うこともできるが、透明上部電極は完全に透明ではないため、光吸収層に到達する光量が減ってしまい、発電変換効率が低下してしまうことになり、透明上部電極を厚くすることは現実的ではない。
本発明によるカルコパイライト型太陽電池の断面を図5に示す。
従来と同じ部位には、同じ符号を付してある。
本発明に係る太陽電池は、ガラス等の基板1の上部に形成された下部電極層2(Mo電極層)と、銅・インジウム・ガリウム・セレンを含む光吸収層薄膜3(CIGS光吸収層)と、光吸収層薄膜3の上に、InS、ZnS、CdS等で形成される高抵抗のバッファ層薄膜4と、ZnOAl等で形成される上部透明電極層5(TCO)とから1つの単位となる電池(ここでは便宜上、「単位セル」と呼ぶ)が形成される。
まず、基板1の上面側に下部電極2となるMo(モリブデン)電極をスパッタリング等によって成膜する。下部電極2には、モリブデンの他にチタンやタングステン等が使用されることがある。なお、基板と下部電極との間に、SiO2等で構成されるアルカリ制御層を備えても良い。
レーザーには、波長が248nmであるエキシマレーザーや、355nmであるYAGレーザーの第3高調波などが望ましい。また、レーザーの加工幅としては、80〜100nm程度確保することが望ましく、これにより、隣り合うMo電極間の絶縁を確保することが可能となる。
分割された光吸収層3とバッファ層4の端部は、金属針の先端は先細りではあるが、ほぼ垂直に切り立った形状となっている。
なお、バッファ層については、非常に薄く形成されているため、写真で確認することはできない。図7に示したように、レーザーアニールによって光吸収層およびバッファ層が傾斜状に加工されたため、その上部に堆積されるTCOがバッファ層から下部電極に至るまで、層の厚さをほとんど変化させることなく形成されている。写真でも、TCOのクラックは確認することはできない。
しかも、第2のスクライブ後にレーザーアニール加工をおこなう領域は、実効発電に寄与しないいわゆるデッドスペースであるため、レーザーアニール加工をおこなうことによる発電量の低下は生じない。
Claims (2)
- 基板の上面側に下部電極層を形成する下部電極層形成工程と、
前記下部電極層を分割する第1のスクライブ工程と、
スクライブされた下部電極層の上に光吸収層を形成する光吸収層形成工程と、
前記光吸収層をレーザーもしくは金属針で分割する第2のスクライブ工程と、
前記第2のスクライブ工程で分割された光吸収層の端部が含まれるようにレーザーを照射するレーザーアニール工程と、
前記分割された光吸収層およびその間に露出する下部電極の上に透明導電体を積層して上部電極およびコンタクト電極部を形成する工程と、
前記上部電極を分割する第3のスクライブ工程とを備えることを特徴とする太陽電池の製造方法。 - 前記第1のスクライブ工程はレーザーによって前記下部電極層を分割する工程であり、前記レーザーアニール工程のレーザーは、前記第1のスクライブ工程のレーザーよりも周波数が高いことを特徴とする請求項1記載のカルコパイライト型太陽電池の製造方法。
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2006019924A JP4730740B2 (ja) | 2006-01-30 | 2006-01-30 | 太陽電池およびその製造方法 |
US12/162,260 US20090032094A1 (en) | 2006-01-30 | 2007-01-26 | Solar cell and method of fabricating the same |
PCT/JP2007/051303 WO2007086522A1 (ja) | 2006-01-30 | 2007-01-26 | 太陽電池およびその製造方法 |
CN2007800039048A CN101375410B (zh) | 2006-01-30 | 2007-01-26 | 太阳能电池及其制造方法 |
DE112007000266T DE112007000266T5 (de) | 2006-01-30 | 2007-01-26 | Solarzelle und Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben |
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JP2006019924A JP4730740B2 (ja) | 2006-01-30 | 2006-01-30 | 太陽電池およびその製造方法 |
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JP2007201302A JP2007201302A (ja) | 2007-08-09 |
JP4730740B2 true JP4730740B2 (ja) | 2011-07-20 |
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US (1) | US20090032094A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4730740B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101375410B (ja) |
DE (1) | DE112007000266T5 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2007086522A1 (ja) |
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EP2200097A1 (en) * | 2008-12-16 | 2010-06-23 | Saint-Gobain Glass France S.A. | Method of manufacturing a photovoltaic device and system for patterning an object |
JP4773544B2 (ja) * | 2009-04-17 | 2011-09-14 | 昭和シェル石油株式会社 | エッジスペースを備えた太陽電池モジュールの製造方法 |
JP4773543B2 (ja) * | 2009-04-17 | 2011-09-14 | 昭和シェル石油株式会社 | エッジスペースを備えた太陽電池モジュール |
TW201041161A (en) * | 2009-05-13 | 2010-11-16 | Axuntek Solar Energy Co Ltd | Solar cell structure and manufacturing method thereof |
EP2261976A1 (en) * | 2009-06-12 | 2010-12-15 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Semiconductor device module, method of manufacturing a semiconductor device module, semiconductor device module manufacturing device |
KR101245371B1 (ko) * | 2009-06-19 | 2013-03-19 | 한국전자통신연구원 | 태양전지 및 그 제조방법 |
JP2011009557A (ja) * | 2009-06-26 | 2011-01-13 | Kyocera Corp | 光電変換セルおよび光電変換モジュール |
EP2485266B2 (en) | 2009-09-29 | 2017-10-04 | Kyocera Corporation | Photoelectric conversion device and manufacturing method for same |
JP2011077104A (ja) * | 2009-09-29 | 2011-04-14 | Kyocera Corp | 光電変換装置及びその製造方法 |
KR101072089B1 (ko) * | 2009-09-30 | 2011-10-10 | 엘지이노텍 주식회사 | 태양전지 및 이의 제조방법 |
KR101144570B1 (ko) * | 2009-09-30 | 2012-05-11 | 엘지이노텍 주식회사 | 태양전지 및 이의 제조방법 |
CN101894883A (zh) * | 2010-06-03 | 2010-11-24 | 江西赛维Best太阳能高科技有限公司 | 新型透光型非/微叠层硅基薄膜太阳电池激光刻划工艺 |
KR101154654B1 (ko) * | 2010-10-05 | 2012-06-11 | 엘지이노텍 주식회사 | 태양광 발전장치 및 이의 제조방법 |
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JPH11312815A (ja) | 1998-04-28 | 1999-11-09 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 薄膜太陽電池の製造方法 |
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JP3867230B2 (ja) | 2002-09-26 | 2007-01-10 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | メカニカルスクライブ装置 |
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JP2005197537A (ja) * | 2004-01-09 | 2005-07-21 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 集積型薄膜太陽電池およびその製造方法 |
JP2006019924A (ja) | 2004-06-30 | 2006-01-19 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | デジタル放送システムおよびデジタル放送方法 |
US20070079866A1 (en) * | 2005-10-07 | 2007-04-12 | Applied Materials, Inc. | System and method for making an improved thin film solar cell interconnect |
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- 2007-01-26 WO PCT/JP2007/051303 patent/WO2007086522A1/ja active Application Filing
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CN101375410A (zh) | 2009-02-25 |
CN101375410B (zh) | 2010-09-22 |
US20090032094A1 (en) | 2009-02-05 |
WO2007086522A1 (ja) | 2007-08-02 |
DE112007000266T5 (de) | 2008-11-27 |
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