JP4598517B2 - 安定化した抗rsv抗体液体製剤 - Google Patents
安定化した抗rsv抗体液体製剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4598517B2 JP4598517B2 JP2004512795A JP2004512795A JP4598517B2 JP 4598517 B2 JP4598517 B2 JP 4598517B2 JP 2004512795 A JP2004512795 A JP 2004512795A JP 2004512795 A JP2004512795 A JP 2004512795A JP 4598517 B2 JP4598517 B2 JP 4598517B2
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- antigen
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- rsv
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Description
本発明は、シナジス(SYNAGIS)(登録商標)又はその抗原結合性フラグメントの液体製剤であって、安定性を示し、抗体の断片化が検出不可能から低いレベルであり、凝集が検出不可能から低いレベルであり、さらに長期保存中又は長期保存後でさえ、シナジス(登録商標)又はその抗原結合性フラグメントの生物学的活性(例えば、治療効力)が全く失われないかほとんど失われない製剤に関する。詳細には、本発明は、界面活性剤及び/又は無機塩を実質的に含まない、シナジス(登録商標)又はその抗原結合性フラグメントの液体製剤に関する。本発明は、シナジス(登録商標)又はその抗原結合フラグメントの液体製剤を用いて、呼吸器合胞体ウイルス(RSV)感染に伴う症状を予防、治療、又は改善する方法にも関する。
呼吸器合胞体ウイルス(RSV)は、乳幼児及び小児における重篤な下部気道疾患の主因である(Feigenら編、1987年、Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases、WB Saunders, Philadelphia、1653-1675ページ;New Vaccine Development、Establishing Priorities、第1巻、1985年、National Academy Press、Washington DC、397-409ページ;及びRuuskanenら、1993年、Curr. Probl. Pediatr. 23:50-79)。RSV感染が毎年流行するという性質は世界中で明らかであるが、所与の季節におけるRSV疾患の発生件数及び重症度には、地域差がある(Hall, C.B.、1993年、Contemp. Pediatr. 10:92-110)。RSV感染は、北半球の温暖な地域では、通常、晩秋に始まり、晩春に終わる(Hall, C.B.、1995年、Mandell G.L., Bernnett J.E., Dolin R.編集、1995年、Principles and Practice of Infections Diseases、第4版、Churchill Livingstone, New York、1501-1519ページ)。米国では、RSV疾患によって、毎年9万人が入院し、さらに4,500人が死亡していると推計されている。主要なRSV感染は、生後6週間から2歳までの小児に発生することが最も多く、院内感染では、生後4週間でまれに発生する(Hallら、1979年、New Engl. J. Med. 300:393-396)。RSVを原因とした疾患は、幼年期細気管支炎では全体の75%にまでのぼり、また小児肺炎では全体の40%にまでのぼると推計されている(Cunningham, C.K.ら、1991年、Pediatrics 88:527-532)。RSV感染の危険が増大している小児には、早産児(Hallら、1979年、New Engl. J. Med. 300:393-396)と、気管支肺異形成症(Groothuisら、1988年、Pediatrics 82:199-203)、先天心疾患(MacDonaldら、New Engl. J. Med. 307:397-400)、先天性又は後天性免疫不全(Ograら、1988年、Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 7:246-249;及びPohlら、1992年、J. Infect. Dis. 165:166-169)、及び嚢胞性繊維症(Abmanら、1988年、J. Pediatr. 113:826-830)に罹患した小児とが含まれる。RSV感染で入院し、心臓病又は肺病を有する乳幼児の死亡率は、3%から4%である(Navasら、1992年、J. Pediatr. 121:348-354)。
本発明は、シナジス(登録商標)又はその抗原結合性フラグメントの高濃度液体製剤であって、界面活性剤、無機塩、及び/又は他の賦形剤の非存在下において、製造、調製、輸送、及び保存中に、安定であり、抗体断片化及び/又は凝集が検出不可能から低いレベルであり、シナジス(登録商標)又はその抗原結合性フラグメントの生物学的活性が全く失われないかほとんど失われない製剤の開発に一部基づいている。本発明の液体製剤は、RSV感染又はその1若しくは複数の症状の予防、治療、管理、及び/又は改善のための、シナジス(登録商標)又はその抗原結合性フラグメントの投与を容易にする。特に、本発明の液体製剤により、凍結乾燥投与剤形で必要とされたような、投与前の正確かつ無菌的な抗体又は抗体フラグメントの再構成を必要とせずに、無菌投与剤形のシナジス(登録商標)又はその抗原結合性フラグメントを、医療従事者が迅速に投与することが可能となる。液体製剤は、凍結乾燥や、フリーズドライなど、長時間の乾燥ステップを必要としないため、このようなシナジス(登録商標)液体製剤は、凍結乾燥製剤より簡便かつコスト効率よく製造することもできる。この液体製剤を調製するプロセスでは、精製プロセス及び製剤プロセスの間、常時水相中において抗体の製剤化が行われる。液体製剤は、限定されるものではないが、例えば、凍結乾燥、フリーズドライ、噴霧乾燥、又は風乾ステップなどの乾燥ステップを含まないプロセスによって調製するのが好ましい。
本明細書において、上記のRSV抗原に免疫特異的に結合するシナジス(登録商標)及び/又はそのフラグメントのすべての液体製剤は、集合的に、「本発明の液体製剤」、「本発明のシナジス(登録商標)液体製剤」、又は「シナジス(登録商標)又はその抗原結合性フラグメントの液体製剤」と称する。
図1は、精製シナジス(登録商標)を調製する概要を示す概略図である。
本発明の液体製剤は、シナジス(登録商標)又はその抗原結合性フラグメントの即時使用できる製剤を提供する。この液体製剤は、被験体に投与するために、正確かつ無菌的に製剤を再構成する必要がなく、また、製剤を被験体に施す前に、しばらく溶液が透明になるまで待つこともない。これは医療従事者が製剤を被験体に投与する操作手順を簡便化する。その上、保存中の安定性が高いため、本発明の製剤は、長期貯蔵中のタンパク質凝集及び/又は断片化によって、シナジス(登録商標)又はその抗原結合性フラグメントの生物学的活性へ悪影響を引き起こすことなく、約15mg/mlから約300mg/mlの範囲の濃度で、シナジス(登録商標)又はその抗原結合性フラグメントを含有することができる。そのような安定性により、シナジス(登録商標)又はその抗原結合性フラグメントの有効性が確実となるだけでなく、被験体への有害な作用を引き起こす潜在的な危険も低減する。さらに、本発明の液体製剤の製造プロセスは、簡便化されており、液体製剤の製造の全段階が水溶液中で行われ、凍結乾燥やフリーズドライなどの乾燥プロセスを必要としないため、凍結乾燥形態の製造プロセスより効率的である。したがって、この製剤は費用効率でもよりすぐれている。
本発明の液体製剤は、界面活性剤、無機塩、及び/又は他の賦形剤を実質的に含まず、なお長期保存中に高い安定性を示す抗体製剤を提供する。特定の実施形態では、そのような抗体製剤は均質である。本発明の製剤は、1〜100mMの濃度のヒスチジンと、約15mg/mlから約300mg/mlの濃度のシナジス(登録商標)又はその抗原結合性フラグメントと含む。一実施形態では、本発明の製剤は、水又は適当な溶剤以外の他の成分を含まない。別の特定の実施形態においては、半減期及び/又は親和性を改善した改変型シナジス(登録商標)抗体又はその抗原結合性フラグメントが、本発明の液体製剤中で用いられる。
本発明はシナジス(登録商標)又はその抗原結合性フラグメントを含む液体製剤に関する。好ましい実施形態では、本発明は、広範囲なRSV単離株を中和するヒト化されたモノクローナル抗体であるシナジス(登録商標)の液体製剤を提供する。シナジス(登録商標)のアミノ酸配列は、例えば、Johnsonら、1997年、J. Infectious Disease 176:1215-1224,及び米国特許第5824307号に開示されており、そのVHCDR及びVLCDRを下記の表1に示す。シナジス(登録商標)の特性及び使用に関しては、例えば、他の出願に開示されており、例えば、2000年11月28日出願の米国特許出願第09/724396号;2001年11月28日出願の米国特許出願第09/996265号;2003年3月31日出願の米国特許出願第10/403180号を参照のこと。これらのすべてを参照により本明細書に組み入れる。
本発明は、限定されるものではないが、ペプチド、ポリペプチド、タンパク質、融合タンパク質、核酸分子、小分子、模倣薬、合成薬、無機分子、及び有機分子を含む1又は複数の基に結合したシナジス(登録商標)又はその抗原結合性フラグメント(in vivoでの半減期を延長した改変型を含めた)の液体製剤の使用も包含する。
本発明は、シナジス(登録商標)又はその抗原結合性フラグメントの液体製剤を調製する方法を提供する。図1は精製シナジス(登録商標)を調製する概要を示す概略図である。本発明の液体製剤を調製する方法は、ならし培地(培養物の単一のロット又はプールされたロットのいずれか)から抗体を精製するステップ、並びに、精製シナジス(登録商標)を含有する分画を、適当な分子量(mw)カットオフ値(例えば、完全抗体分子及びそのF(ab’)2フラグメントには30kDカットオフ;また、Fabフラグメントなどの抗体フラグメントには、10kDカットオフ)を有する半透膜を用いて、最終抗体濃度が約15mg/ml、約20mg/ml、約30mg/ml、約40mg/ml、約50mg/ml、約60mg/ml、約70mg/ml、約80mg/ml、約90mg/ml、約100mg/ml、約150mg/ml、約200mg/ml、約250mg/ml、又は約300mg/mlとなるように濃縮するステップ、並びに同じ膜を用いて濃縮抗体分画を製剤緩衝液中で透析ろ過するステップを含む。本発明の製剤緩衝液は、約1mMから約100mM、約10mMから約50mM、約20mMから約30mM、又は約23mMから約27mMの濃度で、また最も好ましくは約25mMの濃度でヒスチジンを含む。製剤は、さらに濃度100mM未満、50mM未満、3.0mM未満、2.0mM未満、又は1.8mM未満、そして最も好ましくは1.6mMのグリシンを含むことができる。製剤中のグリシンの量は、抗体がその等電点において沈殿するのを避けるため、有意な緩衝作用が起きないようにするべきである。製剤のpHは、約5.0〜約7.0、好ましくは約5.5〜約6.5、より好ましくは約5.8〜約6.2の範囲でよく、そして、最も好ましくは約6.0である。特定の抗体にとって適切なpHを得るためには、まず、所望のpHより高いpHの緩衝水溶液が得られるように、ヒスチジン(及び、グリシンが添加されている場合には、グリシンも)を水に溶解し、その後HClを添加して、pHを所望の値まで低下させるのが好ましい。このようにして、無機塩の形成(例えば、ヒスチジンの供給源に塩酸ヒスチジンを用い、NaOHを添加することでpHを所望の値に引き上げた際のNaCl形成)を避けることができる。
本発明の液体製剤に含まれるシナジス(登録商標)及びその抗原結合性フラグメントは、抗体を合成するために当技術分野で公知のいかなる方法でも調製することができ、具体的には、化学合成によって、好ましくは組換え発現技法によって調製することができる。
抗体製剤を含めた、タンパク質製剤の安定性を評価する様々な方法が利用可能であり、タンパク質の物理的、化学的構造に基づいた方法や、タンパク質の生物学的活性に基づいた方法がある。例えば、タンパク質の変性を検討するためには、電荷移動吸収、熱分析、蛍光分光法、円偏光二色性、NMR、HPSECなどの方法が利用可能である。例えば、Wangら, 1988, J. of Parenteral Science & Technology 42(supp):S4-S26を参照のこと。rCGE及びHPSECは、タンパク質凝集、タンパク質分解、及びタンパク質断片化の形成を評価する、最も一般的で、かつ最も単純な方法である。したがって、本発明の液体製剤の安定性は、これらの方法で評価することができる。
本発明は、抗体に基づく治療も対象としており、RSV感染又はその1若しくは複数の症状を予防、治療、管理、又は改善するための本発明の液体抗体製剤を、被験体、好ましくは哺乳動物、最も好ましくはヒトに投与するものである。本発明の予防用及び治療用製剤は、ヒスチジンを含む溶液中に約15mg/mlから約300mg/mlの濃度のシナジス(登録商標)又はその抗原結合性フラグメントを含む。
本発明は、本発明の液体製剤を、それを必要とする被験体に単独投与すること、あるいは、シナジス(登録商標)以外の1又は複数の治療(例えば、1又は複数の予防薬又は治療薬)と併用投与することを含む、RSV感染又はその1若しくは複数の症状を予防、管理、治療、又は改善する方法を提供する。本発明は、本発明の液体製剤を、それを必要とする被験体に単独投与すること、あるいは、シナジス(登録商標)以外の1又は複数の治療(例えば、1又は複数の予防薬又は治療薬)と併用投与することを含む、RSV感染又はその1若しくは複数の症状を予防、治療、管理、又は改善する方法を提供する。本発明は、シナジス(登録商標)又はその抗原結合性フラグメントの液体製剤と、シナジス(登録商標)以外の1又は複数の予防薬又は治療薬とを含む組成物、並びに該組成物を用いてRSV感染又はその1若しくは複数の症状を予防、治療、管理、又は改善する方法も提供する。治療薬又は予防薬には、小分子、合成薬、ペプチド、ポリペプチド、タンパク質、核酸(例えば、限定されるものではないが、アンチセンスヌクレオチド配列、三重らせん、RNA干渉(RNAi)、及び、生物学的活性を有するタンパク質、ポリペプチド又はペプチドをコードするヌクレオチド配列を含むDNAヌクレオチド及びRNAヌクレオチド)、抗体、合成若しくは天然の無機分子、模倣薬、並びに合成若しくは天然の有機分子が含まれるが、これらに限定されるものではない。
本発明の方法に従ってRSV感染又はその1若しくは複数の症状を予防、治療、管理、又は改善するためには、当業者に周知の任意の免疫調節剤を用いることができる。免疫調節剤は、被験体における免疫応答の様相の1又は複数、あるいはすべてに影響を与えることができる。免疫応答の様相には、炎症反応、補体カスケード、白血球及びリンパ球の分化、増殖、及び/又はエフェクター機能、単球及び/又は好塩基球の数、並びに免疫系細胞間の細胞情報交換が含まれるが、これらに限定されるものではない。本発明のある実施形態では、免疫調節剤は、免疫応答の一様相に変化を与える。他の実施形態では、免疫調節剤は、免疫応答の複数の様相に変化を与える。本発明の好ましい実施形態では、免疫調節剤を被験体に投与することによって、被験体の免疫応答能力の1又は複数の様相を、抑制又は低下させる。本発明の別の実施形態では、免疫調節剤は被験体における免疫応答の1又は複数の様相を増強する。ある実施形態では、免疫調節剤は抗炎症薬ではない。特定の実施形態では、免疫調節剤は化学療法薬以外の薬剤である。
RSV感染又はその1若しくは複数の症状を、予防、治療、管理、又は改善する本発明の方法に従って、炎症性障害の治療に有用な薬剤を含めた、当業者に周知のいかなる抗炎症薬を用いることもできる。抗炎症薬の例には、非ステロイド性抗炎症薬(NSAID)、ステロイドの抗炎症薬、抗コリン作動薬(例えば、硫酸アトロピン、硝酸メチルアトロピン、及び臭化イプラトロピウム(アトロベント(商標))、β2アゴニスト(例えば、アルブテロール(VENTOLIN(商標)及びPROVENTIL(商標))、ビトルテロール(TORNALATE(商標))、レバルブテロール(XOPONEX(商標))、メタプロテレノール(ALUPENT(商標))、ピルブテロール(MAXAIR(商標))、テルブタリン(terbutlaine)(BRETHAIRE(商標)及びBRETHINE(商標))、アルブテロール(PROVENTI(商標)、REPETABS(商標)、及びVOLMAX(商標))、フォルモテロール(FORADIL AEROLIZER(商標))、サルメテロール(SEREVENT(商標)及びSEREVENT DISKUS(商標))、及びメチルキサンチン(例えば、テオフィリン(UNIPHYL(商標)、THEO−DUR(商標)、SLO−BID(商標)、及びTEHO−42(商標))が含まれるが、これらに限定されるものではない。NSAIDの例には、アスピリン、イブプロフェン、セレコキシブ(CELEBREX(商標))、ジクロフェナク(VOLTAREN(商標))、エトドラク(LODINE(商標))、フェノプロン(NALFON(商標))、インドメタシン(INDOCIN(商標))、ケトロラク(TORADOL(商標))、オキサプロジン(DAYPRO(商標))、ナブメトン(RELAFEN(商標))、スリンダク(CLINORIL(商標))、トルメチン(TOLECTIN(商標))、ロフェコキシブ(VIOXX(商標))、ナプロキセン(ALEVE(商標)、NAPROSYN(商標))、ケトプロフェン(ACTRON(商標))、及びナブメトン(RELAFEN(商標))が含まれるが、これらに限定されるものではない。そのようなNSAIDは、シクロオキシゲナーゼ酵素(例えば、COX−1及び/又はCOX−2)を阻害することによって機能する。ステロイド性抗炎症薬の例には、グルココルチコイド、デキサメサゾン(DECADRON(商標))、コルチコステロイド(例えば、メチルプレドニゾロン(MEDROL(商標)))、コルチゾン、ヒドロコルチゾン、プレドニソン(PREDNISONE(商標)とDELTASONE(商標))、プレドニソロン(PRELONE(商標)及びPEDIAPRED(商標))、トリアムシノロン、アザルフィジン、及びエイコサノイド阻害剤(例えば、プロスタグランジン、トロンボキサン、及びロイコトリエン(ロイコトリエンの非限定的な例と、そのような薬剤の通常用量とに関しては下記の表2を参照)が含まれるが、これらに限定されるものではない。
RSV感染又はその1若しくは複数の症状を、予防、治療、管理、又は改善する本発明の方法に従って、当分野(特にRSV感染の治療、管理、又は改善に有用な分野)の技術者に周知のいかなる抗ウイルス薬を用いることもできる。抗ウイルス薬の例には、受容体へのウイルスの付着、ウイルスによる細胞内への内部移行、ウイルスの複製、又は細胞からのウイルスの放出を、阻害及び/又は抑制するタンパク質、ポリペプチド、ペプチド、融合タンパク質抗体、核酸分子、有機分子、無機分子及び小分子が含まれるが、これらに限定されるものではない。具体的に抗ウイルス薬には、ヌクレオシド類似体(例えば、ジドブジン、アシクロビル、ガンシクロビル、ビダラビン、イドキシウリジン、トリフルウリジン、及びリバビリン)、フォスカーネット、アマンタジン、リマンタジン、サキナビル、インジナビル、リトナビル、αインターフェロン及び他のインターフェロン、並びにAZTが含まれるが、これらに限定されるものではない。
本発明は、有効量の本発明の液体製剤を被験体に投与することによって、RSV感染又はその1若しくは複数の症状を治療、予防、及び改善する方法を提供する。この被験体は、非霊長類(例えば、ウシ、ブタ、ウマ、ネコ、イヌ、及びラットなど)、及び霊長類(例えば、マカクザルなどのサル、及びヒトなど)などの哺乳動物であることが好ましい。好ましい実施形態では、被験体はヒトである。別の好ましい実施形態では、被験体はヒト乳幼児、又はヒト早産児である。
5.8.1.本発明の抗体の免疫特異性
本発明の抗体又はそのフラグメントは、当業者に周知のさまざまな方法で特徴決定することができる。詳細には、本発明の液体製剤中の本発明の抗体又はその抗原結合性フラグメントを、呼吸器合胞体ウイルスのエピトープに対する免疫特異的結合能に関してアッセイすることができる。そのようなアッセイは、溶液中(例えば、Houghten、1992年、Bio/Techniques 13:412-421)、ビーズ上(Lam、1991年、Nature 354:82-84)、チップ上(Fodor、1993年、Nature 364:555-556)、細菌表面(米国特許第5,223,409号)、胞子表面(米国特許第5,571,698号、第5,403,484号、及び第5,223,409号)、プラスミド上(Cullら、1992年、Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:1865-1869)、又は、ファージ上(Scott 及びSmith、1990年、Science 249:386-390;Cwirlaら、1990年、Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:6378-6382;及びFelici、1991年、J. Mol. Biol. 222:301-310)(これらの引用文献それぞれの全体を参照により本明細書に組み入れる)で行うことができる。本発明の液体製剤中のシナジス(登録商標)又はその抗原結合性フラグメントは、その特異性及び親和性に関してアッセイすることができる。
本発明の液体製剤又は併用治療薬の活性は、in vitro及び/又はin vivoで、様々なアッセイ又は適当な動物モデル系において試験することができる。
本発明の予防プロトコール及び/又は治療プロトコールが有する毒性及び/又は有効性は、細胞培養又は実験動物において、例えば、LD50(集団の50%にとって致死となる用量)及びED50(集団の50%に治療上有効な用量)の測定など、標準的な薬学手法を行うことで決定できる。毒性作用をもつ用量と、治療効果をもつ用量との比が治療インデックスであり、LD50/ED50という比率として計算できる。大きな治療インデックスを示す治療が好ましい。毒性副作用を示す療法を用いることもできるが、非感染細胞に対する潜在的損傷を最小化して、それによって副作用を低減させるために、そのような薬剤の送達系が患部組織部位を標的とするような設計に注意が払われるべきである。
本発明はRSV感染又はその1若しくは複数の症状を予防、治療、管理、又は改善するたのための本発明の液体製剤を入れた1又は複数の容器を含む薬剤パック又はキットを提供する。特定の実施形態では、本発明の液体製剤は、限定されるものではないが、異種タンパク質、非相同ポリペプチド、非相同ペプチド、大分子、小分子、マーカー配列、検出可能な診断用薬剤、治療成分、薬物成分、放射性金属イオン、二次抗体、及び固相担体を含む別の成分と、組換えによって融合されているか、又は化学的に結合されているシナジス(登録商標)又はその抗原結合性フラグメントを含む。
25mMヒスチジン、1.6mMグリシン、及びシナジス(登録商標)を水性担体中に含むpH6の本発明の抗体製剤を、以下のプロトコールに従って調製した。
25mMヒスチジン及び1.6mMグリシンを含むpH6の水溶液中に100mg/mlのシナジス(登録商標)を含む本発明の液体製剤を、第I相試験平行群間二重盲検無作為化試験による、安全性試験及び忍容性試験について試験する。被験薬は、シナジス(登録商標)の液体(Liq)製剤と、シナジス(登録商標)の現在認可されている凍結乾燥(Lyo)製剤である。合計48人の志願者を、4つの処置グループの1つに無作為に割り付ける。
グループ2:N=12、試験0日目及び30日目に、3mg/kgのシナジス(登録商標)(Lyo)(IM)
グループ3:N=12、試験0日目に、15mg/kgシナジス(登録商標)(Liq)(IV)
グループ4:N=12、試験0日目に、15mg/kgシナジス(登録商標)(Lyo)(IV)
A.志願者の選択
この試験における志願者は、健常成人男性又は成人女性である。志願者は、志願者の質問及び関心に対処する治験担当医師によるカウンセリングを受け、試験参加についての書面によるインフォームドコンセントを確実に行う。試験手順又は被験薬の投与を行う前に、書面によるインフォームドコンセントを得る。
志願者は以下の評価基準をすべて満たさなければならない:
1.男性又は女性である
2.被験薬の初回投与時に、18〜49才である
3.体重が150kg以上である
4.志願者から書面によるインフォームドコンセントが得られている
5.性交渉のある女性は、手術によって不妊となっていない限り、被験薬の初回投与前の14日間、避妊に有効な手段(経口避妊薬若しくは埋込型避妊薬、IUD、女性用コンドーム、殺精子剤付き隔膜、子宮頸キャップ、禁欲、性的パートナーによるコンドームの使用、又は不妊の性的パートナーが含まれる)を使用しなければならず、被験薬の最終投与後30日間にわたりそのような予防措置を用い続けることに同意しなければならず、かつ被験薬の初回投与前2日以内に血清妊娠試験を行って、陰性でなければならない
6.病歴及び身体検査において、健康である
7.プロトコールの必要に応じて、60日間の追跡調査期間を完遂することができる。
志願者は下記のいずれにも該当してはならない:
1.試験開始時における急性疾患
2.試験開始時における、99.5°F以上の発熱
3.試験0日目の前7日以内における、なんらかの薬物治療(避妊薬を除いて)
4.試験開始6カ月以内における400mL以上の献血
5.試験参加前60日以内における免疫グロブリン又は血液製剤の投与
6.このプロトコールにおける、被験薬の初回投与前120日以内から、被験薬の最終投与後60日後以降までの間の、なんらかの治験薬治療又は標準ワクチンの投与
7.免疫不全の病歴
8.被験薬のなんらかの成分に対するアレルギー疾患、又は悪化の可能性をもつアレルギー反応の病歴
9.この試験で志願者の安全性を危うくする可能性のある介入疾患における過去の病歴又は証拠
10.A、B若しくはC型肝炎ウイルス、又はHIV−1の感染を示す証拠
11.スクリーニング(試験参加前の21日以内でなければならない)において、下記いずれかに該当。CBC:Hgb<12.0gm/dl;WBC<4,000/mm3;血小板数<120,000/mm3(又は、実験室標準値);AST、ALT、BUN、クレアチニン>正常上限値;治験責任医師の見解において、臨床的に有意であると判断される、スクリーニングパネルにおける他の異常検査値;治験責任医師の見解において、検討結果の分析を混乱させる可能性があると判断される、スクリーニングパネルにおける他の異常検査値
12.授乳期間中の母親
13.過去2年以内のアルコール又は薬物乱用の病歴
14.なんらかの全身病に関する身体検査による証拠。
a.志願者の無作為化手順及び治療の割り当て
志願者は、スクリーニングに来院の際に、試験参加への適格性評価を行うために、治験責任医師による評価を受ける。スクリーニング検査を受けたすべての志願者に関するマスターログが保持される。インフォームドコンセントに署名し、かつ適格性基準を満たす志願者が試験に参加する。志願者が無作為化(試験0日目)のための治験実施施設に到着したとき、治験担当医師は志願者がすべての試験対象患者基準及び除外基準を満たすことを確認する。治験担当医師は、その後、患者識別番号(PID)を割り当てる。患者識別番号は、2か所の治験実施施設それぞれの内部で、治験実施施設1では#101から、治験実施施設2では#201から始まって、順番に割り当てられる。志願者は、PIDが割り当てられたときに、試験に参加したと見なされる。各治験実施施設の治験担当薬剤師に提供される無作為化リストに、その治験実施施設における4つの治療グループそれぞれへの志願者の配属が示されている。治験担当医師は、301−527−4217にファクシミリ伝送(ファックス)を行い、メディミューン(MedImmune)に、志願者が無作為化されたことを通知する。PIDが割り当てられても、なおどの被験薬も受けない志願者、被験薬の不完全な注入を受けた志願者、被験薬の両IM注射のうちいずれかを受けない志願者、又は、研究来院の少なくとも50%を完了していない志願者は、治験依頼者の判断で交替させることができる。有害事象のため脱落する志願者、又は健康状態が確認できない志願者は交替されない。有害事象以外の理由で、同意を撤回する志願者は、交替させることができる。交替志願者には新規のPIDが割り当てられる。交替された志願者に関しては、プロトコールに従って、安全性の追跡調査が継続される。
これは二重盲検試験である。IMグループ又はIVグループの中でも、どの志願者が凍結乾燥製剤に割り当てられたか、又は液体製剤に割り当てられたかに関する盲検性が維持される。シナジス(登録商標)の2つの製剤投与中における盲検性を維持するために、各治験実施施設の治験担当薬剤師は、治験実施施設における被験薬の調製を、治療ステーションから物理的に隔離し、かつ治験責任医師、又は試験の実施に直接関与するどの治験担当者からも、知見できないようにして行う。IM注射のためには、薬剤師は、液体、又は再構成凍結乾燥シナジス(登録商標)を算定した量で含む、同一の外見の5mL注射器を用意する。IV注入にためには、薬剤師は、液体、又は再構成凍結乾燥シナジス(登録商標)を算定した量で含む、同一の外見の200mL注入バックを用意する。標識は、シリンジ/バッグに、液体又は再構成凍結乾燥シナジス(登録商標)のどちらが含まれているか特定しない。志願者の試験治療配属を特定する無作為化リストを見ることができる人々は、薬局記録のみを調査する独立モニター、メディミューンにおける統計学者及び臨床供給マネージャー、並びに治験実施施設における治験担当薬剤師だけである。これらの人々は、無作為化情報をだれにも明らかにしてはいけない。志願者への試験治療が、治験担当医師に既知となった場合、治験担当医師はメディミューンに直ちに通知しなければならない。盲検性が失われた場合、そのような事例はすべて、試験報告書に記載される。
a.被験薬供給及び責任
治験依頼者は、適切な量の液体シナジス(登録商標)、凍結乾燥シナジス(登録商標)、及び希釈剤(滅菌注射用蒸留水)を治験担当医師に提供する。被験薬は、2℃から8℃(36°Fから46°F)で保存されるべきであり、凍結してはならない。
治験担当薬剤師は、投与用被験薬の用量を調製しなければならない。PID及び志願者の体重を示す被験薬処方箋が、治験担当医師(又は指名された人)によって薬剤師に送られる。治験担当薬剤師は、その後この情報を用いて、被験薬を調製する。
(1)IM注射用:必要体積の液体シナジス(登録商標)(100mg/mL)は、5mL注射器を用いて、必要な数のバイアルの内容物をプールすることによって得られる
用量(mL)=[志願者の体重(kg)×用量レベル(3mg/kg)]÷薬物濃度(100mg/mL)
例:体重75.6kgの志願者は、2.3mLのシナジス(登録商標)の投与を受ける
(75.6kg×3mg/kg)÷100mg/mL=2.268mL(2.3mLに値を整える)
用量(mL)=[志願者の体重(kg)×用量レベル(15mg/kg)]÷薬物濃度(100mg/mL)
この体積の液体シナジス(登録商標)を、空の200mL注入バッグに注入し、最終濃度が20mg/mLシナジス(登録商標)となるように、4倍量の希釈剤を添加することによって、希釈剤で1:4に希釈する
例:体重71.4kgの志願者は、10.7mLのシナジス(登録商標)の投与を受ける
[(71.4kg×15mg/kg)÷100mg/mL=10.71mL(10.7mLに値を整える)]
及び、42.8mlの希釈剤(4×10.7)で、前注入体積は53.5mL
(1)IM注射用:最終濃度が100mg/mLシナジス(登録商標)となるように、1mlの希釈剤を、凍結乾燥シナジス(登録商標)のバイアルにゆっくり添加するべきである。泡立つのを避けながら、このバイアルを、穏やかに、30秒間回転させるべきである。シナジス(登録商標)が透明になるまで、再構成シナジス(登録商標)を最低20分間、室温で静置するべきである。必要体積の再構成凍結乾燥シナジス(登録商標)(100mg/mL)は、5mL注射器を用いて、必要な数だけのバイアルの内容物をプールすることによって得られる
用量(mL)=[志願者の体重(kg)×用量レベル(3mg/kg)]÷薬物濃度(100mg/mL)
例:体重75.6kgの志願者は、2.3mLのシナジス(登録商標)の投与を受ける
(75.6kg×3mg/kg)÷100mg/mL=2.268mL(2.3mLに値を整える)
用量(mL)=[志願者の体重(kg)×用量レベル(15mg/kg)]÷薬物濃度(20mg/mL)
例:体重71.4kgの志願者は、53.6mLのシナジス(登録商標)の投与を受ける
(71.4kg×15mg/kg)÷20mg/mL=53.55mL(53.6mLに値を整える)]
IM及びIV治療グループ用被験薬は、それぞれ、同一の外見の5mL注射器、及び同一の外見の200mL注入バッグに入れて、薬局から分配される。
この被験薬は、標準的な無菌技法を用いて、IM注射で三角筋に(針が血管に入っていないことを確認した後)、投与する。志願者は注射後少なくとも30分間治験実施施設で観察下におく。
IVカテーテルは、薬物投与前に、利用しやすい静脈に標準的な挿入技法を用いて配置する。IVカテーテルの開通性は、USP注射用5%ブドウ糖を10〜25mL/時の流速でIVを持続注入することによって維持する。ブドウ糖注入を中断し、シナジス(登録商標)をタンパク質低結合性の0.22μmフィルターを通して、約1〜2mL/分の流速で注入する。シナジス(登録商標)を投与した後、IVチューブは、IVカテーテルが取り外されるまで、USP注射用5%ブドウ糖を10〜25mL/時の流速で流し、開口しておくべきである。
試験0日目から試験60日目までに、志願者が用いたすべての併用薬を症例記録表に記録する。志願者は下記のものの投与を受けてはならない:
1.免疫抑制性薬物の投与(吸入及び局所用コルチコステロイドは許容される)
2.試験参加の120日前から試験60日目までの治験薬
志願者が禁止された併用薬の投与を受けた場合、治験依頼者に通知しなければならない。志願者は、治験担当医師又はこの志願者の主治医によって必要と認められる、有害事象を治療するための薬物療法を受けることができる。
PIDが割り当てられて、なんらかの被験薬の投与を受けたすべての志願者は、追跡調査の同意が破棄されない限り、投与された被験薬の投与回数にかかわらず、プロトコールに従って追跡調査される。来院又は評価プロトコールからの逸脱はすべて、治験依頼者に通知しなければならず、このような評価は、妥当な場合には、本来のスケジュールに可能な限り最も近い時に、計画を組み直すか、実施しなければならない。
b.女性のみ
c.ALT、AST、BUN、クレアチニン
d.IM投与グループのみ
e.各用量の前及び30分後に得られたバイタルサイン
f.各用量の30日後までの有害事象。試験60日目までの重篤有害事象
g.試験30日目は体重のみ。
注意:試験参加(試験0日目)前21日以内に、すべてのスクリーニング検査評価を行わなければならない。スクリーニング評価は、1回以上の来院で行ってもよい
1.書面によるインフォームドコンセント
2.適格性基準の確認
3.病歴のスクリーニング
4.身体検査によるスクリーニング
5.身長及び体重
6.尿分析
7.スクリーニングのための血液採取
・A型肝炎抗体、B型肝炎表面抗原、C型肝炎抗体のための血清
・血清βHCG(女性志願者のみ)
・化学パネル(AST、ALT、BUN、クレアチニン)
・比率計数及び血小板計数を伴うCBC
来院1
1.適格性基準の確認
2.身長及び体重
3.尿分析
4.尿中βHCG(女性志願者のみ)
5.基底血液採取
・化学パネル(AST、ALT、BUN、クレアチニン)
・比率計数及び血小板計数を伴うCBC
・シナジス(登録商標)濃度測定用の血清
・抗シナジス(登録商標)抗体測定用の血清
6.無作為化及びPIDの割り当て
7.被験薬投与前のバイタルサイン(体温、血圧、脈搏数、呼吸速度)
注意:被験薬投与前に、上記すべてを完了しなければならない。
2.注入終了後、又は注射後、30分間のバイタルサインモニター
3.有害事象と重篤有害事象のモニター
4.投与後の血液採取
・点滴終了直後(IV用量グループのみ)と、注射後/注入終了後0.25、0.5、1、4、8、及び12時間のシナジス(登録商標)濃度測定用の血清
来院2
1.24時間目のシナジス(登録商標)血清中濃度測定用の投与後の血液採取
2.有害事象及び重篤有害事象のモニター
来院3
1.48時間目のシナジス(登録商標)血清中濃度測定用の投与後の血液採取
2.有害事象と重篤有害事象のモニター
来院4
1.72時間目のシナジス(登録商標)血清中濃度測定用の投与後の血液採取
2.有害事象と重篤有害事象のモニター
来院5
1.96時間目のシナジス(登録商標)血清中濃度測定用の投与後の血液採取
2.有害事象と重篤有害事象のモニター
来院6
1.120時間目のシナジス(登録商標)血清中濃度測定用の投与後の血液採取
2.有害事象と重篤有害事象のモニター
来院7
1.尿分析
2.血液採取
・化学パネル(AST、ALT、BUN、クレアチニン)
・比率計数及び血小板計数を伴うCBC
・シナジス(登録商標)濃度測定用の血清
・抗シナジス(登録商標)抗体測定用の血清
3.有害事象と重篤有害事象のモニター
来院8
1.血液採取
・シナジス(登録商標)濃度測定用の血清
・抗シナジス(登録商標)抗体測定用の血清
2.有害事象と重篤有害事象のモニター
来院9
1.血液採取
・シナジス(登録商標)濃度測定用の血清
・抗シナジス(登録商標)抗体測定用の血清
2.有害事象と重篤有害事象のモニター
来院10
すべての志願者
1.血液採取
・シナジス(登録商標)濃度測定用の血清
・抗シナジス(登録商標)抗体測定用の血清
2.有害事象と重篤有害事象のモニター(IM投与グループの志願者のみ)
3.体重
4.尿中βHCG
5.被験薬投与前のバイタルサイン
6.被験薬の投与
7.注射30分間後のバイタルサインのモニター
来院11
IM投与グループの志願者のみ
1.尿分析
2.血液採取
・化学パネル(AST、ALT、BUN、クレアチニン)
・比率計数及び血小板計数を伴うCBC
・シナジス(登録商標)濃度測定用の血清
・抗シナジス(登録商標)抗体測定用の血清
3.有害事象と重篤有害事象のモニター
来院12
1.血液採取
・シナジス(登録商標)濃度測定用の血清
・抗シナジス(登録商標)抗体測定用の血清
2.有害事象のモニター
a.ルーチン検査評価
スクリーニング中、及び試験中のルーチン検査試験は、各治験実施施設の臨床検査室で行われる。試験中の尿妊娠試験は、治験実施施設において認可された試験を用いて行われる。異常な検査結果については、できるだけ早く(好ましくは24〜48時間以内に)反復検査すべきである。
シナジス(登録商標)血清濃度及び抗シナジス(登録商標)抗体の測定は、メディミューン社によってELISAで行われる。
志願者は、試験60日目を通して追跡調査された時に試験を完了したとみなされる。志願者が試験60日目を通して試験追跡調査の手順を完了したかどうか症例記録表に特定するべきである。志願者は、試験60日目に志願者の状態を決定するだけの十分な情報がないというように、試験完了時までに接触が全く定められていない場合だけに、追跡調査からいなくなったとみなされる。治験担当医師は、研究期間中にいなくなった志願者との接触を回復させる試みを記録するべきである。いなくなった志願者との接触が回復した場合には、プロトコールに従って、追跡調査を再開するべきである。
当業者ならば、本明細書に記載した発明の特定の実施形態に多数の均等物があることを理解するか、又は日常的な実験を用いるのみで確認することができる。そのような均等物も、本願の特許請求の範囲に含まれるものとする。
Claims (55)
- (a)少なくとも65mg/mlのパリビズマブ又はその抗原結合性フラグメント、
(b)1mMから100mMのヒスチジン、及び
(c)1.6mMのグリシン
を水性担体中に含む安定な液体パリビズマブ製剤であって、高性能サイズ排除クロマトグラフィー(HPSEC)で測定して、パリビズマブ又はその抗原結合性フラグメントが38〜42℃で少なくとも60日間安定である、上記製剤。 - ヒスチジンの濃度が10mMから50mMである、請求項1に記載の製剤。
- ヒスチジンの濃度が20mMから30mMである、請求項1に記載の製剤。
- ヒスチジンの濃度が23mMから27mMである、請求項1に記載の製剤。
- ヒスチジンの濃度が25mMである、請求項1に記載の製剤。
- 各ステップでパリビズマブ又はその抗原結合性フラグメントが水相中に存在する方法で調製されたものである、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の製剤。
- 乾燥ステップを有しない方法で調製されたものである、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の製剤。
- 凍結乾燥ステップを有しない方法で調製されたものである、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の製剤。
- パリビズマブ又はその抗原結合性フラグメントの濃度が少なくとも70mg/ml又は少なくとも75mg/mlである、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の製剤。
- パリビズマブ又はその抗原結合性フラグメントの濃度が少なくとも80mg/mlである、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の製剤。
- パリビズマブ又はその抗原結合性フラグメントの濃度が少なくとも85mg/ml、少なくとも90mg/ml、又は少なくとも95mg/mlである、請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の製剤。
- パリビズマブ又はその抗原結合性フラグメントの濃度が少なくとも100mg/mlである、請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の製剤。
- 界面活性剤以外の賦形剤を含む、請求項1〜12のいずれか1項に記載の製剤。
- 賦形剤が糖又はポリオールである、請求項13に記載の製剤。
- 他の賦形剤を実質的に含まない、請求項13又は14に記載の製剤。
- 界面活性剤及び無機塩を実質的に含まない、請求項1〜12のいずれか1項に記載の製剤。
- マンニトールを含まない、請求項1〜16のいずれか1項に記載の製剤。
- 界面活性剤、無機塩及び他の賦形剤を実質的に含まない、請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の製剤。
- pHが5.5から7.0までの範囲にある、請求項1〜18のいずれか1項に記載の製剤。
- pHが5.5から6.5までの範囲にある、請求項1〜18のいずれか1項に記載の製剤。
- pHが6.0である、請求項1〜18のいずれか1項に記載の製剤。
- HPSECで測定して、パリビズマブ又はその抗原結合性フラグメントが20℃〜24℃で少なくとも1年間安定である、請求項1〜21のいずれか1項に記載の製剤。
- HPSECで測定して、パリビズマブ又はその抗原結合性フラグメントが4℃で少なくとも3年間安定である、請求項1〜22のいずれか1項に記載の製剤。
- HPSECで測定して、パリビズマブ又はその抗原結合性フラグメントの2%未満が凝集体を形成する、請求項1〜23のいずれか1項に記載の製剤。
- 水性担体が蒸留水である、請求項1〜24のいずれか1項に記載の製剤。
- 滅菌されている、請求項1〜25のいずれか1項に記載の製剤。
- 1mlの量で存在する、請求項25又は26に記載の製剤。
- 1.2mlの量で存在する、請求項25又は26に記載の製剤。
- 均質である、請求項1〜28のいずれか1項に記載の製剤。
- パリビズマブ又はその抗原結合性フラグメントが治療用部分に結合されている、請求項1〜29のいずれか1項に記載の製剤。
- パリビズマブ又はその抗原結合性フラグメントが検出可能な物質に結合されている、請求項1〜29のいずれか1項に記載の製剤。
- ヒトへの投与に適した請求項1〜31のいずれか1項に記載の製剤を適当な容器中に含む医薬単位投与剤形。
- 製剤がヒトへの非経口投与に適している、請求項32に記載の医薬単位投与剤形。
- 製剤が筋内投与に適している、請求項32に記載の医薬単位投与剤形。
- 製剤が皮下投与、静脈内投与又は鼻腔内投与に適している、請求項32に記載の医薬単位投与剤形。
- ヒトへのエアロゾル投与に適した製剤を適当な容器中に含む、請求項32に記載の医薬単位投与剤形。
- 請求項1〜31のいずれか1項に記載の製剤を含む密封容器。
- 被験体における呼吸器合胞体ウイルス(RSV)感染又はその症状の予防に使用するための、請求項1〜30のいずれか1項に記載の製剤。
- 被験体におけるRSV感染又はその症状の治療に使用するための、請求項1〜30のいずれか1項に記載の製剤。
- 小児患者におけるRSVにより引き起こされる重篤な下部気道疾患の予防に使用するための、請求項1〜30のいずれか1項に記載の製剤。
- 被験体におけるRSV感染の診断に使用するための、請求項1〜29及び31のいずれか1項に記載の製剤。
- RSV感染の診断に使用するための、請求項1〜29及び31のいずれか1項に記載の製剤。
- 被験体がヒトである、請求項38、39又は41に記載の製剤。
- ヒト被験体が、老人、嚢胞性繊維症を有するヒト、先天性免疫不全症若しくは後天性免疫不全を有するヒト、又は骨髄移植の経験があるヒトである、請求項43に記載の製剤。
- ヒト被験体が、ヒト乳幼児又はヒト早産児である、請求項43に記載の製剤。
- ヒト被験体が、気管支肺異形成症又は先天性心疾患を有するヒトである、請求項43に記載の製剤。
- 被験体におけるRSV感染又はその症状の予防に使用するための医薬の製造における請求項1〜30のいずれか1項に記載の製剤の使用。
- 被験体におけるRSV感染又はその症状の治療に使用するための医薬の製造における請求項1〜30のいずれか1項に記載の製剤の使用。
- RSV感染の診断に使用するための医薬の製造における請求項1〜29及び31のいずれか1項に記載の製剤の使用。
- 被験体におけるRSV感染の診断に使用するための医薬の製造における請求項1〜29及び31のいずれか1項に記載の製剤の使用。
- 被験体がヒトである、請求項47、48又は50に記載の使用。
- ヒト被験体が、老人、嚢胞性繊維症を有するヒト、先天性免疫不全症若しくは後天性免疫不全を有するヒト、又は骨髄移植の経験があるヒトである、請求項51に記載の使用。
- ヒト被験体が、ヒト乳幼児又はヒト早産児である、請求項51に記載の使用。
- ヒト被験体が、気管支肺異形成症又は先天性心疾患を有するヒトである、請求項51に記載の使用。
- 医薬がRSVシーズン前又はシーズン中に投与されるものである、請求項47又は48に記載の使用。
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US38892102P | 2002-06-14 | 2002-06-14 | |
PCT/US2003/018913 WO2003105894A1 (en) | 2002-06-14 | 2003-06-16 | Stabilized liquid anti-rsv antibody formulations |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2010270136A (ja) * | 2002-06-14 | 2010-12-02 | Medimmune Llc | 安定化した抗rsv抗体液体製剤 |
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