JP4419167B2 - グラジエント構造を有する光学素子の製造方法 - Google Patents
グラジエント構造を有する光学素子の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4419167B2 JP4419167B2 JP2003558547A JP2003558547A JP4419167B2 JP 4419167 B2 JP4419167 B2 JP 4419167B2 JP 2003558547 A JP2003558547 A JP 2003558547A JP 2003558547 A JP2003558547 A JP 2003558547A JP 4419167 B2 JP4419167 B2 JP 4419167B2
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- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021612 Silver iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 244000028419 Styrax benzoin Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000000126 Styrax benzoin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000008411 Sumatra benzointree Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910007709 ZnTe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GEIAQOFPUVMAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO Inorganic materials [Zr]=O GEIAQOFPUVMAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000218 acetic acid group Chemical group C(C)(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003668 acetyloxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(=O)O[*] 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002015 acyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004423 acyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004450 alkenylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000732 arylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960002130 benzoin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SAOKZLXYCUGLFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CCCCC(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC SAOKZLXYCUGLFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004369 butenyl group Chemical group C(=CCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004106 butoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- CXKCTMHTOKXKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium oxide Inorganic materials [Cd]=O CXKCTMHTOKXKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon carbon Chemical compound C.C CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004770 chalcogenides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003636 chemical group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UUAGAQFQZIEFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrifluoroethylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)Cl UUAGAQFQZIEFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004386 diacrylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012933 diacyl peroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013870 dimethyl polysiloxane Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003670 easy-to-clean Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001227 electron beam curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001962 electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroethene Chemical compound FC=C XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019382 gum benzoic Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPYVAWXEWQSOGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium antimonide Chemical compound [Sb]#[In] WPYVAWXEWQSOGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005499 meniscus Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002488 metal-organic chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- KKFHAJHLJHVUDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-vinylcarbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(C=C)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 KKFHAJHLJHVUDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001451 organic peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001282 organosilanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005634 peroxydicarbonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000016 photochemical curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L phthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001643 poly(ether ketone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001230 polyarylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006267 polyester film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006380 polyphenylene oxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005650 polypropylene glycol diacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005651 polypropylene glycol dimethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- XPGAWFIWCWKDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-olate;zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [Zr+4].CCC[O-].CCC[O-].CCC[O-].CCC[O-] XPGAWFIWCWKDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002572 propoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007142 ring opening reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver bromide Chemical compound [Ag]Br ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940071182 stannate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010345 tape casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl benzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCOCCO UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)OC LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001029 thermal curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KBMBVTRWEAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trisulfane Chemical compound SSS KBMBVTRWEAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/04—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of organic materials, e.g. plastics
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/13—Integrated optical circuits characterised by the manufacturing method
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F283/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G
- C08F283/12—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G on to polysiloxanes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F283/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G
- C08F283/12—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G on to polysiloxanes
- C08F283/124—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G on to polysiloxanes on to polysiloxanes having carbon-to-carbon double bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L51/00—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L51/08—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers grafted on to macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
- C08L51/085—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers grafted on to macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds on to polysiloxanes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
- G02B3/0087—Simple or compound lenses with index gradient
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31507—Of polycarbonate
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Holo Graphy (AREA)
- Silicon Polymers (AREA)
Description
グラジエント構造、特に、ホログラフィックアプリケーション、イメージングオプティクスにおける平面グラディエントインデックスレンズ、ヘッド‐アップディスプレイ、ヘッド‐ダウンディスプレイ、光学導波管、及び、光学データ記憶媒体のための光学素子の製造方法により達成され、これは固体マトリックスに埋め込まれたナノスケール粒子を含み、該グラジエント構造は該ナノスケール粒子の濃度勾配により形成される。
SiX4 (I)
(ここで、基Xは、同一であるか又は異なり、加水分解性基又はヒドロキシル基である);
RaSiX(4-a) (II)
(ここで、各Rは、同一であるか又は異なり、所望の場合付加重合性又は重縮合性の基を有する非加水分解性基であり、Xは上記で定義される通りであり、aは1、2、又は3、好ましくは1又は2の値を有する)。
(a)マトリックス形成成分を含む溶液中に予め調製したナノスケール粒子を分散させ、次いで、任意の溶媒の少なくとも一部を取除くこと、
(b)ナノスケール粒子の存在下においてマトリックス材料を生成すること、又は
(c)マトリックス材料の存在下においてナノスケール粒子を生成すること、
のいずれかである。
a)Zr(OPr)4/MAA(1:1)の調製:
250mlの三頚フラスコに65.4g(0.02mol)のジルコニウムテトラプロポキサイドZr(OPr)4を入れ、氷浴中で冷却する。そこへ、17.2g(0.20mol)のメタクリル酸(MAA)をゆっくり(15min)攪拌しながら滴下する。添加の完了に続き、10分後、反応混合物を氷浴から取除き、25℃にて攪拌する。
49.6g(0.20mol)のメタクリロイルオキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン(MPTS)を24g(0.20mol)のジメチルジメトキシシラン(DMDS)と混合し、そしてその混合物を25℃にて5分間攪拌する。9.05gの0.1N HClの添加の後、25℃にて10分間、反応混合物が透明になるまで、攪拌を続ける。次いで、49.92gのポリビニルブチラール(PVB)(30重量%濃度の2−プロパノール溶液)を添加し、その混合物を25℃にて5分間攪拌する。
a)において調製した22.27gのZr(OPr4)/MAAナノ粒子を、ゆっくり、攪拌しながら、混合物b)へ添加する。完全に添加した後、25℃にて4時間攪拌し、そして、1.08g(0.06mol)の水を滴下する。一晩25℃にて攪拌した後、6.2gのドデカンジオールジメタクリレート(DDDMA)及び1.6gの光開始剤Irgacure(登録商標)184を添加する。
a)Zr(OPr)4/MAA(1:1)を実施例1と同様に調製する。
b)第2の容器にMPTSを入れる;所望の量のDMDES、PVB溶液(エタノール中で30重量%濃度)及びトリエチレングリコールジ(2−エチルヘキサノエート)を第1表に従いそこへ添加し、そしてその混合物を25℃にて15分間攪拌する。次いで、0.1N HClを添加し、その反応混合物(これは、初め濁っている)を、室温にて、約10分間、透明になるまで攪拌する。その後、滴下漏斗を用いて、攪拌しながら、Zr(OPr)4/MAAをゆっくり添加する。添加が完了した後、その混合物を、室温にて4時間攪拌する。次いで、要求される量の水を滴下し、その混合物を、室温にて一晩攪拌する。
c)次いで、Crodamer(登録商標)UVA 421を添加する。更に15分後、Irgacure(登録商標)819を添加する。次いで、バッチをイソプロパノールで希釈し、そして、レベリング剤(Byk(登録商標)306)を添加する。混合が完了するまで、攪拌を続ける。
a)Zr(OPr)4/MAA(1:1)を実施例1と同様に調製する。
b)第2の容器にMPTSを入れる。所望の量のDMDES、PVB溶液(エタノール中で30重量%濃度)及びイソプロパノールをこれへ添加し、その混合物を25℃にて15分間攪拌する。次いで、0.1N HClを添加し、その反応混合物(これは、初め濁っている)を、室温にて、約10分間、透明になるまで攪拌する。その後、滴下漏斗を用いて、攪拌しながら、所望量のZr(OPr)4/MAAをゆっくり添加する。添加が完了した後、その混合物を、室温にて4時間攪拌する。次いで、要求される量の水を滴下し、その混合物を、室温にて一晩攪拌する。
2L三頚フラスコに592.2g(1.81mol)のZr(OPr) 4を入れ、そして、氷浴中で10℃まで冷却する。そこへ、155.7g(1.81mol)のMAAを、攪拌しながらゆっくり滴下する。添加の完了に続いて、10分後、反応混合物を氷浴から取り出し、その後、25℃にて攪拌する。
2波混合によって、伝送ホログラム及び反射ホログラムの両方として、相変調された体積ホログラムを生成する。使用されるコヒーレント光源は、アルゴンイオンレーザーである。レーザービーム(20mW/cm2)を約0.5mmの直径に焦点合わせし、そして、ビームスプリッターにより、等しい強度の2成分のビームに分ける。これら2つのビームの干渉は、光強度における空間的周期的な変化をもたらす。使用されるホログラフ材料は、実施例1からの光ナノコンポジット材料である。層生成のために、光ナノコンポジット材料は、ガラス支持体(10cm×10cm×0.25cm)上へ積層され、ポリエステルフィルムで覆われ、そして、これらの強度変調を用いて暴露される。周期が強度変調のものと同じであるグリッド構造が、形成される。屈折率プロフィールは、ポスト重合のための残っているビームを使用するために実験において使用される書込みビームの1種を選別して除くことによって、凍結される。この方法において、90%(波長:633nm)の回折効率を有する体積ホログラムが製造される。
Claims (9)
- グラジエント構造、特に、ホログラフィックアプリケーション、イメージングオプティクスにおける平面グラディエントインデックスレンズ、ヘッド−アップディスプレイ、ヘッド−ダウンディスプレイ、光学導波管、及び、光学データ記憶媒体のための光学素子の製造方法であって、
これは固体マトリックスに埋め込まれたナノスケール粒子を含み、
該グラジエント構造は該ナノスケール粒子の濃度勾配により形成され、硬化性マトリックス材料とその中に分散されたナノスケール粒子を含む固体又はゲル様ナノコンポジット材料において化学ポテンシャルにおける差異が生じ、濃度勾配の形成とともにナノスケール粒子の有向性拡散が存在し、且つ、濃度勾配を有するナノコンポジット材料が硬化することを特徴とし、
固体又はゲル様ナノコンポジット材料が1又はそれ以上の加水分解性及び縮合性シラン及び/又は有機ポリマーの縮合物を含み、
有機ポリマーが、ポリアクリレート、ポリメタクリレート、ポリエポキシド、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリビニルアセテート、又は、ポリビニルブチラールである光学素子の製造方法。 - 化学ポテンシャル差が、光への暴露によって、或いは、電子ビーム照射によって生じることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 化学ポテンシャル差が、ホログラフ又はリソグラフ技術によって生じることを特徴とする、請求項1〜2のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 硬化性マトリックス材料が、付加重合性又は重縮合性有機モノマー及び/又はオリゴマー及び/又はプレポリマー及び又は一般式(I)及び/又は(II)の加水分解性シラン及び/又はそれから誘導されるプレ縮合物:
SiX4 (I)
(ここで、基Xは、同一であるか又は異なり、加水分解性基又はヒドロキシル基である);
RaSiX(4-a) (II)
(ここで、各Rは、同一であるか又は異なり、所望の場合、付加重合性又は重縮合性基を有する非加水分解性基であり、Xは上記で定義されるとおりであり、aは1、2、又は3の値を有する)
から調製されることを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 固体又はゲル様ナノコンポジット材料が、総乾燥重量に基づいて、以下の成分を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の方法:
a)4.9〜95.9重量%の少なくとも1種の有機ポリマー、
b)4〜95重量%の1又はそれ以上の加水分解性及び縮合性シラン、必要な場合、付加重合性又は重縮合性である非加水分解性基を有する少なくとも1つのシランを有し、重合の無機度は、33〜100%であり、付加重合又は重縮合の有機度は、0〜95%である、
c)オキサイド、スルフィド、セレニド、テルライド、ハライド、カーバイド、アーセナイド、アンチモニド、ナイトライド、ホスファイド、カーボネート、カルボキシレート、ホスフェート、スルフェート、シリケート、チタネート、ジルコネート、スタンネート、プルンベート、アルミネート、BaTiO3及びPbTiO3iO2からなる群からの、0.1〜50重量%の1又はそれ以上の種類の未修飾又は表面修飾されたナノスケール粒子、
d)0〜60重量%の1又はそれ以上の有機モノマー、
e)0〜50重量%の1又はそれ以上の可塑剤、及び
f)熱的又は光化学的架橋開始剤、増感剤、湿潤補助剤、接着促進剤、レベリング剤、抗酸化剤、安定化剤、染料、フォトクロミック又はサーモクロミック化合物から選択される、0〜5重量%の1又はそれ以上の添加剤。 - シラン(単数又は複数)がメタクリロイルオキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、アクリロイルオキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、3−グリシジルオキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、ビニルトリエトキシシラン、ジメチルジメトキシシラン、ジメチルジエトキシシラン、及び、メチルトリエトキシシランより選択されることを特徴とする、請求項4〜5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 表面修飾されたナノスケール粒子が、付加重合性又は重縮合性表面基を有することを特徴とする、請求項5〜6のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- ナノスケール粒子が、50nm以下の直径を有することを特徴とする、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 固体又はゲル様ナノコンポジット材料又はその液体前駆体を成形して成形物を形成するか又は支持体へ塗布し、液体前駆体(使用するならば)を固体又はゲル様形態に変化させ、且つ、濃度勾配の構築に続き、固体又はゲル様ナノコンポジット材料を熱的及び/又は光化学的に硬化させることを特徴とする、請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の方法。
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