JP4383052B2 - 穀物のふすまの分画方法 - Google Patents
穀物のふすまの分画方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4383052B2 JP4383052B2 JP2002567080A JP2002567080A JP4383052B2 JP 4383052 B2 JP4383052 B2 JP 4383052B2 JP 2002567080 A JP2002567080 A JP 2002567080A JP 2002567080 A JP2002567080 A JP 2002567080A JP 4383052 B2 JP4383052 B2 JP 4383052B2
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23J1/12—Obtaining protein compositions for foodstuffs; Bulk opening of eggs and separation of yolks from whites from cereals, wheat, bran, or molasses
- A23J1/125—Obtaining protein compositions for foodstuffs; Bulk opening of eggs and separation of yolks from whites from cereals, wheat, bran, or molasses by treatment involving enzymes or microorganisms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
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Description
1. 胚芽富裕分画,胚乳富裕分画及びアリューロン富裕分画,グルコース,可溶性ヘミセルロース,可溶性オリゴ糖,不溶性繊維,及び場合により油を穀物のふすまから抽出かつ産生させるための効率的かつ費用効果的な工業用湿式方法に到達すること。
2. 工業的方法における抽出及び分離の効率を改良するために酵素処理の使用を湿式粉砕と組合せること。
3. 分画方法において別個の物理的特性及びその結果として機能性を備えたタンパク分画が得られることを保証すること。
4. 中間繊維原料が,最終生成物中の上記可溶物による汚染が最小限に維持されるように,最小量の容易に抽出できる成分,すなわち可溶物を含有していることを保証すること。
5. この方法を,化学的抽出手順の使用を回避するように,及び好ましくは,最終生成物のための市販の機会を拡張するために食品用及び遺伝子的に変えられていない(非GMO)キシラーゼ及び/又はβ−グルカナーゼを使用するような方法で実施する。
更に;前記不溶性繊維分画が果皮分画とアリューロン分画の双方から成る精製したふすまを含み,前記不溶性繊維分画がさらに少なくとも1種の非デンプン性多糖類分解酵素を用いた第2酵素処理と,該酵素処理中における水性湿式粉砕の組合せによって加水分解され,その後,場合により湿式加熱処理による酵素不活性化のステップが行われ,及びそれによって合成された加水分解物が不溶相と可溶相に分離されることを特徴とする手段によって,上記の課題を解決して目的を達成することが可能であることが示される(請求項1〜3)。
25%のタンパク質,
10%の糖,
3%未満の油,
3%の繊維,及び
大麦とオート麦についてはβ−グルカン,小麦,米,ライ麦,ライ小麦についてはアラビノキシランの群の少なくとも25%の可溶性非デンプン性多糖類を含有する(請求項10)。
− 短時間粉砕により小麦ふすまから抽出した胚芽富裕分画−(I)
− 従来の粉砕により小麦ふすまから抽出した胚芽富裕分画−(II)
− 乾燥物質ベースで,乳漿とIIとの1:1混合物−(III)
ミートボールの調理法は,胚芽富裕分画を含有しない(対照調理法)又は試料I,IIもしくはIIIを2.5%含有するものを試験した。ミートボールを,フライ後の重量損失,風味,質感及び色について分析した。結果を下記の表2に記載する。
胚芽富裕分画
胚芽富裕分画のタンパク質含量は高いため,動物起源及び植物起源から得られる現行の高価なタンパク質の代替品として理想的である。さらに,胚芽富裕分画は,そのタンパク質の性質,高品質の油,リン脂質及びステロールの存在のために同様に例えば乳化,質感及び結合のような興味深い機能性,及びヒトにおけるコレステロール管理に関連する健康上の利益を示す。
動物性タンパク質:カゼインやカゼイン塩,血漿タンパク質及び卵白。
このタンパク分画は,主として穀物のふすま中の残留胚乳タンパク質由来である。これは25〜40%のタンパク質を含有しており,その大部分は,高度に溶解性である。これもまた可溶性食物繊維であるペントサン中で特に富裕であり(>35%),高い保水力及び明るい色を有している。
これは主としてアリューロン細胞層から得られるタンパク質であり,必須アミノ酸中で富裕な機能性かつ栄養的に貴重な物質である。
不溶性繊維分画は,食品用途における興味深い繊維源として使用できる。食品としての主要な最終使用は,特に肉製品のような加工食品中の結着用及び水結合用添加物として,さらに朝食用シリアル,焼成製品及び健康食品中の食物繊維源としてであろう。特に高い水結合能力及び腸の機能への有益な作用のために,これは生物医学市場にとって有益な製品である。
これは,ふすまの残留デンプンの酵素分解から産生するグルコースであり,糖蜜に比較してより純粋な生成物である。これは,飼料及び食品用途において,エネルギー源,香味料及び結合剤として使用できる。あるいは,また,工業的発酵用の原料油として理想的であるが,それは,産生する廃棄物が少ないためである。このためエタノール及びクエン酸産業は,このような生成物の極めて大量の理想的消費者である。飼料及び食品市場のための単細胞タンパク質の製造もまた考慮することができる。
これは,穀物のふすま中の主要な細胞壁非セルロース多糖である。これは,1種の媒体を用いて高分子量及び高溶解性へ製造することができる(これら2種の特性の組合せは強力な態様である)。この生成物は,ペントサン(アラビノキシラン)であるため,低カロリーで腸の健康にとって有益である。この生成物は,フェルラ酸塩側鎖もしくは遊離フェルラ酸及びその他の酸化防止剤を含めて,又は,含めずに製造することができ,易流動性のクリームパウダーである。
これは,ヘミセルロース分画由来で,低分子量かつ低粘度の100%可溶性食物繊維である。オリゴ糖シロップは,リグナン,フェルラ酸及びその他の酸化防止剤を含めて製造することができ,極めて溶解性があり吸湿性である。
胚芽油は,胚芽富裕分画のタンパク質から得られ,高品質食用油及び食品用成分である。胚芽油は,溶剤を全く使用せずに抽出することができ,保存料も添加物も含有していない。これは,ポリ及びモノ不飽和脂肪の優れた入手源であり,良好な香りを有しており,ビタミンEが富裕で,容易に懸濁させることができる。胚芽油は,香料成分として,小麦もしくはライ麦をベースとする生成物(シリアル,焼成製品,ビスケット等),デザート,アイスクリーム等において優れている。これは,さらにまた天然ビタミンEを含む脂肪及び油配合物,ジュース等における成分としても有用な可能性がある。
脱脂タンパク分画は,油を全脂肪胚芽富裕分画及び重量相のアリューロン細胞から抽出した後に残っているタンパク質で,少なくとも60%のタンパク質含量を有している。脱脂タンパク分画は,さらに優れた機能性タンパク質であり,極めて高度の脂肪結合能力を有し,溶解性,乳剤及び気泡安定化特性を増加させるために酵素により容易に性能を高めることができる。
Claims (35)
- 穀物のふすまが,デンプン加水分解酵素を用いた第1酵素処理と,該酵素処理中における水性湿式粉砕との組合せに付され,その後,合成された加水分解物が不溶性繊維分画と可溶性分画に分離され,前記可溶性分画が更に遠心分離力によって2つの相;胚芽富裕分画と高濃度の糖を含有する胚乳富裕分画に分離されると共に,この胚乳富裕分画に含まれたタンパク分画と糖分画とに分離され,
更に;前記不溶性繊維分画が果皮分画とアリューロン分画の双方から成る精製したふすまを含み,前記不溶性繊維分画がさらに少なくとも1種の非デンプン性多糖類分解酵素を用いた第2酵素処理と,該酵素処理中における水性湿式粉砕の組合せによって加水分解され,その後,合成された加水分解物が不溶相と可溶相に分離されることを特徴とする,穀物のふすまの成分の湿式分画方法。 - 前記第1酵素処理と水性湿式粉砕との組合せから成る処理後に,湿式加熱処理による酵素不活性化処理を行うことを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記第2酵素処理と水性湿式粉砕との組合せから成る処理後に,湿式加熱処理による酵素不活性化処理を行うことを特徴とする請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記第1酵素処理に使用するデンプン加水分解酵素がアミラーゼ及び/又はアミログルコシダーゼである請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記第2酵素処理が,ペントサナーゼ及びヘミセルラーゼを使用して実施される請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記第1酵素処理が4〜7.5のpH,及び50〜90℃の温度,少なくとも1IU/gの基質の酵素活性で3時間未満の間実施される請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記第2酵素処理が4〜7のpH,及び35〜80℃の温度,少なくとも1IU/gの基質の酵素活性で3時間未満の間実施される請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記第2酵素処理によって得られた加水分解物をセルロース,リグニン,ヘミセルロース,残留アリューロン細胞及び細胞壁結合タンパク質を含有する前記不溶相と,可溶性ヘミセルロース,オリゴ糖,糖及びタンパク質を含有する前記可溶相とに分画し,前記可溶相を更にアリューロン細胞タンパク質を含む重量相と可溶性ヘミセルロース形態のヘミセルロースとオリゴ糖を含む軽量相に分離し,前記軽量相をさらにサイズ排除法によって可溶性ヘミセルロース富裕分画(中分子サイズ)とオリゴ糖富裕分画(小分子サイズ)とに分離する請求項1記載の方法。
- 請求項1記載の方法によって製造されるタンパク分画であって,前記タンパク分画が,乾燥物質ベースで少なくとも35%のタンパク質及び10%の胚芽油を含有し,乳化力及び元のふすま(出発物質)と比較して高い酸化への抵抗性を持ち,さらに上記タンパク分画が5%未満の繊維しか含有していない,胚芽富裕分画由来であるタンパク分画。
- 請求項1記載の方法によって製造されるタンパク分画であって,前記タンパク分画が少なくとも,
25%のタンパク質,
10%の糖,
3%未満の油,
3%の繊維,及び
大麦とオート麦についてはβ−グルカン,小麦,米,ライ麦,ライ小麦についてはアラビノキシランの群の少なくとも25%の可溶性非デンプン性多糖類,
を含有する,胚乳富裕分画由来であるタンパク分画。 - 液状乳漿が上記タンパク分画内に乾燥物質ベースによる算出で20〜80重量%の範囲の濃度で組み込まれ,最終混合物が乾燥させられる請求項10記載のタンパク分画。
- 請求項1記載の方法によって製造される不溶性繊維分画であって,
上記不溶性繊維分画が少なくとも85%の量のふすま及び少なくとも10%の量のアリューロンタンパク質の細胞壁成分から構成され,グルテン及びデンプンを含まず,少なくとも6g/g(水/乾燥生成物)の高い保水力を備えている不溶性繊維分画。 - 請求項1記載の方法によって製造される糖分画であって,
上記分画がサイズ排除法を使用して胚乳タンパク質から分離されたものであり,乾燥物質ベースによる算出で65%を超える糖であるグルコース,マルトース及びマルトトリオースを含有している糖分画。 - 請求項8記載の方法によって製造されるタンパク分画であって,
上記タンパク分画が乾燥物質ベースによる算出で少なくとも35%のタンパク質及び10%の油,5%未満の不溶性繊維を含有しており,グルテン及びデンプンを含まず,乳化力を備えている,前記重量相内のアリューロン細胞由来であるタンパク分画。 - 請求項8記載の方法によって製造される不溶性繊維分画であって,
上記不溶性繊維分画が元の精製した穀物のふすまと比較して相対的に低いヘミセルロース含量を有する細胞壁成分から構成され,前記不溶性繊維分画がグルテン及びデンプンの含有量を乾燥物質ベースによる算出で1%未満とし,水/乾燥生成物において6g/g未満の高い保水力を有する不溶性繊維分画。 - 請求項8記載の方法によって製造される可溶性ヘミセルロース富裕分画であって,
上記可溶性ヘミセルロース富裕分画が小麦,ライ麦,米及びライ小麦からのアラビノキシラン,及びオート麦及び大麦からのβ−グルカンの群の少なくとも40%の量,20kDaを超える中分子量ヘミセルロースから構成され,さらに10%未満の量のタンパク質及び10%未満の量の単糖類を含んでおり,乾燥物質ベースによる算出でグルテン及びデンプンが1%未満である可溶性ヘミセルロース富裕分画。 - 請求項8記載の方法によって製造されるオリゴ糖富裕分画であって,
上記オリゴ糖富裕分画が小麦,ライ麦,米及びライ小麦からのアラビノキシラン,及びオート麦及び大麦からのβ−グルカンの群の少なくとも40%の量で,20kDaより少ない低分子量ヘミセルロースサブユニットから構成され,さらに10%未満の量のタンパク質,20%未満の量の単糖類,5%未満の量のリグナン及びフェノールを含んでおり,乾燥物質ベースによる算出でグルテン及びデンプンが1%未満であるオリゴ糖富裕分画。 - 油を従来の有機溶剤抽出によって,又は超臨界二酸化炭素抽出によって除去して脱脂タンパク分画とした請求項9記載のタンパク分画。
- 油を従来の有機溶剤抽出によって,又は超臨界二酸化炭素抽出によって除去して脱脂タンパク分画とした請求項14記載のタンパク分画。
- セルロース,ヘミセルロース,リグニン及びリグナンを回収するために使用される請求項15記載の不溶性繊維分画。
- 前記胚芽油が,ヒトにおけるコレステロール取り込みを減少させることが知られているステロール及び完全ビタミンE複合体,ステロール,レシチン,リン脂質及び糖脂質を含有する請求項9記載のタンパク分画。
- プロテアーゼによる処理において結果として生じるタンパク質加水分解物の溶解性,乳化力及び乳化安定性が強化された請求項14記載のタンパク分画。
- 飼料及び食品用途における植物起源及び動物起源からの他のタンパク質生成物に代用するための請求項19記載のタンパク分画の使用。
- 食品用途における結着剤,乳化剤,脂肪結合剤及び脂肪代替品としての請求項10記載のタンパク分画の使用。
- 前記タンパク分画を食品用途における気泡安定剤,起泡剤,水結合剤,ゲル化剤として,及びコレステロール低下作用を備えた可溶性食物繊維であるβ−グルカン及びアラビノキシランを含む栄養補助食品として使用する,請求項10記載のタンパク分画の使用。
- 焼成製品,加工肉,乳製品,スープ及びソース,高タンパク質飲料及び健康ドリンク剤中の添加物又は成分としての請求項10記載のタンパク分画の使用。
- 飼料及び食品用途における,加工食品中の結着剤及び水結合添加物として,朝食用シリアル,焼成製品及び健康食品中の食物繊維源として他の不溶性繊維製品に代用するための請求項12記載の不溶性繊維分画の使用。
- 飼料及び食品用途におけるゲル化剤,増粘剤,気泡安定剤,乳化剤,水結合剤として,可溶性食物繊維が富裕な栄養補助食品としての請求項16記載の可溶性へミセルロース富裕分画の使用。
- 焼成製品,加工処理肉,乳製品,スープ及びソース,高タンパク質飲料中の添加物又は成分としての請求項16記載の可溶性へミセルロース富裕分画の使用。
- 飼料及び食品用途における機能性可溶性食物繊維としての請求項17記載のオリゴ糖富裕分画の使用。
- 飼料及び食品用途における低カロリー甘味料として,又はリグナン及びフェルラ酸を抽出するためのさらなる加工処理用の原料としての請求項17記載のオリゴ糖富裕分画の使用。
- 飼料及び食品用途における工業的発酵用の原料としての請求項17記載のオリゴ糖富裕分画の使用。
- 製菓用配合物におけるグルコースもしくはその他の糖シロップと組合せる請求項17記載のオリゴ糖富裕分画の使用。
- 食品用途における,リグナンを活性の癌緩和剤であるエンテロラクトンへ転換させるための,リグナンと発酵性オリゴ糖の供給源としての請求項17記載のオリゴ糖富裕分画の使用。
- 飼料,食品及び工業的発酵用途におけるエネルギー源,香味料及び結合剤としての請求項13記載の糖分画の使用。
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SE0103328L (sv) | 2002-08-27 |
DE60211858T2 (de) | 2007-06-06 |
SE0103328D0 (sv) | 2001-10-04 |
DE60211858D1 (de) | 2006-07-06 |
CA2438270C (en) | 2012-10-02 |
EP1363504B1 (en) | 2006-05-31 |
CA2438270A1 (en) | 2002-09-06 |
SE526999C2 (sv) | 2005-12-06 |
WO2002067698A1 (en) | 2002-09-06 |
RU2003128880A (ru) | 2005-04-10 |
JP2004520058A (ja) | 2004-07-08 |
AU2002233865B2 (en) | 2007-07-12 |
RU2295868C2 (ru) | 2007-03-27 |
EP1363504A1 (en) | 2003-11-26 |
BR0207552A (pt) | 2004-09-14 |
ATE327683T1 (de) | 2006-06-15 |
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