JP3747223B2 - 活性酸素消去剤 - Google Patents
活性酸素消去剤 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP3747223B2 JP3747223B2 JP2004175093A JP2004175093A JP3747223B2 JP 3747223 B2 JP3747223 B2 JP 3747223B2 JP 2004175093 A JP2004175093 A JP 2004175093A JP 2004175093 A JP2004175093 A JP 2004175093A JP 3747223 B2 JP3747223 B2 JP 3747223B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- extract
- active oxygen
- shell
- acid
- oil
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Description
このように、生体内において必要以上に生じた活性酸素は、生体に様々な弊害をもたらすため、生体内の過剰な活性酸素を消去することは、活性酸素が関与する弊害を予防、あるいは改善する上で非常に重要である。
さらに、活性酸素は、生体に対してだけでなく、各種製品に対しても好ましくない影響を及ぼす。例えば、飲食品、化粧料、医薬品等に含まれる各種構成成分を酸化して、それらの品質劣化の促進、異味異臭の発生、変色・退色の発生等を引き起こす。
そこで、活性酸素による、こうした各種弊害を解消するため、従来、数多くの活性酸素消去剤が報告されている。また、最近では、安全性の点から、活性酸素消去作用を有する物質を、天然物から得ようとする研究が盛んに行われている(例えば、特許文献1〜3)。
そこで、本発明は、これまで利用価値無しとされてきた農業廃棄物を原料とし、活性酸素に対する優れた消去作用を有し、かつ、安全性の高い活性酸素消去剤を提供することを課題とする。
すなわち、本発明は、トゲナシクリ(Castanea crenata Sieb.et Zucc. var. sakyacephala Makino)の殻斗からの水抽出物を有効成分として含有することを特徴とする活性酸素消去剤である。
また、従来の活性酸素消去剤の中には、活性酸素と反応することにより酸化されて、結果的に、それ自身が生体に傷害を与える原因物質へと変換してしまうものがあるのに対し、本発明の活性酸素消去剤は、光の放出という形で活性酸素のエネルギーを消去するので、こうしたリスクが低く、生体への安全性という面でも、従来の同種同効品とは一線を画す有用性の高い活性酸素消去剤である。
このように、本発明の活性酸素消去剤は、活性酸素、特に過酸化水素に対する高い消去能を有するだけでなく、安全性の点でもきわめて優れているので、ヒト及びヒト以外の動物を対象とする化粧料、飲食品、医薬品に配合させて、各種疾患の予防、治療、あるいは、抗酸化剤として、それらに含まれる構成成分の劣化防止等を図るのに好適である。
さらに、本発明の活性酸素消去剤は、これまで利用価値無しとされてきた農業廃棄物であるトゲナシクリの殻斗を原料としているため、その廃棄物量の削減及び有効利用を図ることができ、産業上、きわめて有意義である。
本発明の有効成分であるトゲナシクリの殻斗からの水抽出物は、トゲナシクリの殻斗を抽出原料として、これを水で抽出して得られる抽出物を意味し、その抽出液、該抽出液の希釈液もしくは濃縮液、該抽出液を乾燥して得られる乾燥物、又はこれらの粗精製物もしくは精製物のいずれもが、トゲナシクリの殻斗からの水抽出物に含まれる。
抽出原料として用いるトゲナシクリの殻斗は、トゲナシクリを栽培している観光クリ園等由来の廃棄物として容易に入手可能である。また、トゲナシクリの自家栽培によっても十分入手可能である。
なお、トゲナシクリの殻斗からの水抽出物に含有される活性酸素消去作用を有する物質(群)の詳細は不明である。後述する実施例の結果から、トゲのある一般的なクリ(以下、「トゲアリクリ」と表記)の殻斗には含まれない、トゲナシクリの殻斗に特有の成分が、本発明の活性酸素消去作用に関与しているものと推測される。
例えば、上記抽出溶媒を満たした容器に、抽出原料であるトゲナシクリの殻斗を投入し、ときどき撹拌しながら可溶性成分を溶出させる。この際、抽出条件は、適宜調整し得るが、抽出溶媒量は、通常、抽出原料の20〜50倍量(質量比)であり、抽出時間は、通常、室温水の場合は24時間程度である。
得られた抽出物は、そのままでも本発明の活性酸素消去剤として使用することができるが、その濃縮液又は乾燥物とするのが、取扱いの点で好適である。上記抽出物の乾燥物を得るにあたっては、吸湿性を改善するために、デキストリン、シクロデキストリン等のキャリアーを添加してもよい。
トゲナシクリの殻斗の粗砕物2gを抽出溶媒(85〜90℃の熱水)100gに投入し、ときおり撹拌しながら1時間抽出を行った。その後、該抽出処理物を濾過し、濾液を凍結乾燥させ、トゲナシクリ殻斗の抽出物を得た。
該抽出物の収率((凍結乾燥物質量/粗砕物質量)×100、製造例2も同様)は、29.7%であった。以下に記載する各試験には、得られたトゲナシクリ殻斗の抽出物を精製水にて終濃度0.1%(w/w)となるように溶解した溶液を用いた。
トゲナシクリの殻斗の粗砕物2gを抽出溶媒(約20℃の室温水)80gに投入し、ときおり撹拌しながら24時間抽出を行った。その後、該抽出処理物を濾過し、濾液を凍結乾燥させ、トゲナシクリ殻斗の抽出物を得た。
該抽出物の収率は、19.9%であった。以下に記載する各試験には、得られたトゲナシクリ殻斗の抽出物を精製水にて終濃度0.1%(w/w)となるように溶解した溶液を用いた。
トゲナシクリの殻斗の粗砕物2gを抽出溶媒(50%(w/w)エタノール)60gに投入し、ときおり撹拌しながら3日間、室温にて抽出した。その後、該抽出処理物を濾過し、濾液を40℃で減圧乾固させ、トゲナシクリ殻斗の抽出物を得た。
該抽出物の収率((減圧乾固物質量/粗砕物質量)×100、製造例4も同様)は、30.6%であった。以下に記載する各試験には、得られたトゲナシクリ殻斗の抽出物を50%(w/w)エタノールにて終濃度0.1%(w/w)となるように溶解した溶液を用いた。
トゲナシクリの殻斗の粗砕物2gを抽出溶媒(99.5%エタノール)60gに投入し、ときおり撹拌しながら3日間、室温にて抽出した。その後、該抽出処理物を濾過し、濾液を40℃で減圧乾固させ、トゲナシクリ殻斗の抽出物を得た。
該抽出物の収率は、21.0%であった。以下に記載する各試験には、得られたトゲナシクリ殻斗の抽出物を99.5%エタノールにて終濃度0.1%(w/w)となるように溶解した溶液を用いた。
製造例1〜4で得た各トゲナシクリ殻斗の抽出物の過酸化水素消去作用の評価は、活性酸素消去物質とレセプター物質(メディエーターとも称される)と活性酸素の3者を反応させた場合、活性酸素消去物質の作用強度に応じて活性酸素のエネルギーが可視光エネルギーに変換・放出され、活性酸素が消去される現象を応用して実施した(Phytochemistry, Vol.39, No.1, 225−229, 1995, J Biolumin. and Chemilumin., Vol.11, No.3, 131−136, 1996, ジャパンフードサイエンス, Vol.38, No.8, 18−21, 1999参照)。
なお、レセプター物質としては、炭酸塩、とりわけ炭酸水素カリウムが優れていることが既に知られているが(ジャパンフードサイエンス, Vol 38, No.12, 13−20, 1999参照)、炭酸イオンは生体に広く分布している分子である。また、皮膚をはじめ、生体の各器官それ自体もまたレセプター物質としての機能を有していることが明らかになっている(ジャパンフードサイエンス、Vol 39, No.3, 17−24, No.4, 17−24, 2000参照)。したがって、強い活性酸素消去作用をもつ物質であれば、生体に適用された場合、これらのレセプター物質と協奏し、体内に発生した活性酸素種を効果的に消去することができるものと考えられている。
過酸化水素消去作用の評価は、具体的には、試験管に3%(w/w)過酸化水素水溶液0.2ml、製造例1〜4で得た各トゲナシクリ殻斗の抽出物溶液0.5ml、そして、2mol炭酸水素カリウム水溶液0.3mlを順次分注し、即座にルミネッセンサーPSN AB2200(アトー社製、商品名)を用いて、10秒刻みで10分間の発光量(光子の総数)を経時測定することにより行った。この値が高いほど、過酸化水素のエネルギーを光エネルギーに変換する作用、すなわち、過酸化水素消去作用が強いことを示す。
なお、各抽出物溶液とも3回測定を行い、その測定値を10分間の総発光量としてまとめ、それらの平均値及び標準偏差で結果を表した。その測定結果を表1に示す。
上記の結果から明らかなように、トゲナシクリの殻斗においては、室温水による抽出物が最も高い値を示し、4種類の抽出物の中では、最強の過酸化水素消去作用を有していることが確認された。
さらに、過酸化水素消去作用の強弱比較のために、トゲアリクリの殻斗についても、製造例1〜4と同様に、殻斗抽出物を調製し、該抽出物の発光量を試験例1と同様にして3回測定を行い、その測定値を10分間の総発光量としてまとめ、それらの平均値及び標準偏差で結果を表した。その測定結果を表2に示す。
上記の結果から明らかなように、トゲアリクリの殻斗においては、50%(w/w)エタノールによる抽出物が最も高い値を示し、4種類の抽出物の中では、最強の過酸化水素消去作用を有していることが確認された。
さらに、比較対照のために、過酸化水素消去作用を持つとされている市販の植物抽出物を0.1%(w/w)に濃度調整した上で、試験例1と同様にして、各抽出物溶液の発光量を測定した。測定に供した市販の植物抽出物は、ハマメリスエキス(ハマメリス抽出液BG−J、丸善製薬社製、商品名)、緑茶エキスA(緑茶抽出液、丸善製薬社製、商品名)、ボタンピエキス(ボタンピ抽出液、丸善製薬社製、商品名)、ローズマリーエキス(ローズマリー抽出液BG、丸善製薬社製、商品名)、オウゴンエキス(オウゴン抽出液BG、丸善製薬社製、商品名)、緑茶エキスB(緑茶リキッド、一丸ファルコス社製、商品名)、オリーブ果実エキス(マノリバ、セピック社(仏)製、商品名)である。なお、各エキス溶液とも、試験例1と同様にして3回測定した。その測定結果を表3に示す。
上記の結果から明らかなように、ハマメリスエキスが、最も高い値を示し、市販の植物抽出物の中では、非常に強い過酸化水素消去作用を有していることが明らかになった。
試験例1〜3において、それぞれ最も強い過酸化水素消去作用が認められた、トゲナシクリ殻斗の室温水抽出物、トゲアリクリ殻斗の50%(w/w)エタノール抽出物、市販ハマメリスエキスの総発光量の測定値を比較した。その結果を表4に示す。
上記の結果から明らかなように、トゲナシクリ殻斗の室温水抽出物は、トゲアリクリ殻斗の50%(w/w)エタノール抽出物に比べて、明らかに高い総発光量を示した。したがって、トゲナシクリの殻斗には、トゲアリクリの殻斗には無い何らかの特有の成分が含まれ、これが優れた過酸化水素消去作用に関与しているものと推測される。また、トゲナシクリ殻斗の室温水抽出物は、市販ハマメリスエキスに対しても、同等以上の総発光量を示したことから、優れた過酸化水素消去作用を有する既存の植物抽出物に勝るとも劣らぬ過酸化水素消去作用を有していることが確認された。
このように、トゲナシクリの殻斗からの水抽出物は、これまで何ら利用価値が無いとみなされてきた農業廃棄物であるトゲナシクリの殻斗を原料として得られる非常に優れた過酸化水素消去剤であることが明らかとなった。
Claims (5)
- トゲナシクリ(Castanea crenata Sieb.et Zucc.var.sakyacephala Makino)の殻斗からの水抽出物を有効成分として含有することを特徴とする活性酸素消去剤。
- 活性酸素が過酸化水素である請求項1記載の活性酸素消去剤。
- 請求項1又は2記載の活性酸素消去剤を配合してなる化粧料。
- 請求項1又は2記載の活性酸素消去剤を配合してなる飲食品。
- 請求項1又は2記載の活性酸素消去剤を配合してなる医薬品。
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