JP3485775B2 - Mushroom artificial culture medium and mushroom artificial cultivation method using the same - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an artificial culture medium for mushrooms and a method for artificially cultivating mushrooms using the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, most mushrooms are cultivated by using raw logs such as Japanese scepter, beech, and Japanese oak, and therefore harvesting is often influenced by weather conditions. In addition, recently, it is becoming difficult to obtain raw logs due to lack of labor for cutting out raw logs for cultivating logs. Furthermore, in the case of cultivating sapwood, the production cost is considerably high because the cultivation period is long, that is, it takes one and a half to two years from the inoculation of the inoculum to the mushroom harvest.

In recent years, a method for artificially cultivating mushroom beds, boxes, boxes, and the like has been established for cultivating bamboo shoots, hiratake mushrooms, nameko mushrooms, shiitake mushrooms, etc., using a culture medium prepared by mixing rice bran with sawdust, and throughout the year, four seasons. These mushrooms can be stably harvested regardless of the season. In other words, mushroom cultivation, which has a strong sideline in farmers and relies on small-scale production, is now moving to a method for artificial cultivation of fungal beds, which allows large-scale specialized production and is easy to obtain raw materials. However, even in the method of artificially cultivating a fungus bed, in order to continuously grow a large number of mushrooms, the yield is still low, and the cultivation period is considerably long, so the production cost cannot be said to be low, and these productivity Improvements are longed for. For example, (Al ₂
O ₃ ) _X (SiO ₂ ) (where _{x in} the formula is a number of 1 or more) contained in the above artificial culture medium, or (M
gO) _W (Al ₂ O ₃ ) _X (SiO ₂ ) _y (where _w is 1 to 3
, _X is a number from 1 to 5, and _y is a number from 0 to 3) is contained in the above artificial culture medium, but it has not been able to be produced in a sufficient yield ( Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-21
No. 0126, JP-A-3-58716).

The present inventor has conducted sincerity studies in order to solve the problems of the conventional method in the artificial cultivation of mushrooms.
It has been found that mushrooms can be cultivated in high yield by using a specific artificial culture medium, and the present invention has been completed. In view of the above situation, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for artificially cultivating mushrooms with high yield.

[0005]

[Means for Solving the Problems] That is, the present invention provides an artificial culture medium for mushrooms containing ettringite, and a method for artificially growing mushrooms using the artificial culture medium.

The present invention will be described in more detail below.

The ettringite used in the present invention is 3C.
aO ・ Al ₂ O ₃・ 3CaSO ₄・ nH ₂ O (n is 30 to 32), CaO source such as slaked lime and quicklime, Al ₂ O ₃ source such as alumina gel, gypsum dihydrate, half It can be synthesized by mixing CaSO ₄ sources such as water gypsum and anhydrous gypsum in a molar ratio that produces ettringite and stirring in water or warm water. Also be easily synthesized by hydration reaction between aluminum sulfate and CaO source, furthermore, 3CaO · Al ₂ O
₃ , 12CaO-7Al ₂ O ₃ , CaO-Al ₂ O ₃ , CaO-2Al ₂ O ₃ , and calcium aluminate such as alumina cement, and Ca
It is also synthesized by a hydration reaction with an O 2 source or CaSO ₄ source. Usually, ettringite is synthesized in the form of a slurry or paste and has a large amount of bound water of 32 molecules in one molecule of ettringite. This bound water is thermally unstable and causes a dehydration reaction to 20 molecules at 60 ° C. and 8 molecules at 110 ° C. However, since it easily returns to 32 molecules by water addition, the dehydrated compound is also the present invention. Included in Ettringite.
Due to the water absorption / desorption characteristics of ettringite, the water content of the artificial culture medium can be kept constant. Further, when using ettringite, powdery ones are easier to mix with the artificial culture medium, so it is preferable to use slurry and paste-like ettringites dried and crushed.

The artificial culture medium used in the present invention is usually
It is prepared by adding an appropriate amount of water to a mixture of a carbon source such as sawdust, bran, and chaff and a nitrogen source such as rice bran and soybean meal, and compressing the mixture in a bottle or a box. The amount of carbon source, the amount of nitrogen source, and the amount of water vary depending on the type and the amount of water, and are not particularly limited.For example, when sawdust is used as the carbon source, the amount of sawdust used is the dry matter weight. It can be used in the range of 20 to 90% of the total dry matter of the medium, but the amount used varies depending on the medium component used as the nitrogen source. For example, when rice bran is used as a nitrogen source, the sawdust is used as a dry matter weight in the range of 20 to 90% of the total dry matter of the medium, but water is added to a mixture of the sawdust and the rice bran in a weight ratio of 1: 1. It is preferable that the water content is adjusted to 55 to 70%, and the water content is preferably packed in a bottle or a box. As the sawdust, hardwood sawdust or softwood sawdust may be used alone, or may be mixed and used.

The mixing ratio of ettringite and sawdust is 1 to 30 parts by weight of ettringite with respect to 100 parts by weight of sawdust.
The most preferable amount is 3 to 15 parts by weight. However, the amount of ettringite added is not particularly limited by the above numerical values.

The mushrooms cultivated in the present invention are mushrooms that can be artificially cultivated, and examples thereof include enoki mushroom, hiratake mushroom, nameko mushroom, shiitake mushroom, and shiitake mushroom.

[0011]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be further described below with reference to examples of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

Example 1 500 g of hardwood sawdust, 500 g of coniferous sawdust, and 1,000 g of rice bran were placed in a vinyl bag and mixed thoroughly to prepare an artificial culture medium. 1 mol of anhydrous aluminum sulfate and 6 mol of slaked lime were put into 3 liters of water, stirred at 50 ° C. for 30 minutes to synthesize ettringite, dried at 110 ° C. for one day and then pulverized to 100 μm or less in a mortar. To 200 g of the prepared artificial culture medium, ettringite shown in Table 1 was added to adjust the water content to 65%, and the mixture was pressed into a plastic 1-liter wide-mouthed bottle. Drill a hole of about 1 cm in diameter at the center of each, and tap it at 120 ℃.
Sterilized for 90 minutes. After cooling, inoculated with Japanese sawdust seeds of Hiratake, cultivated for 30 days in the dark at a temperature of 25 ° C. and a humidity of 55% (bacteria rotating step), and further cultivated for 30 days for aging. Next, the stopper was removed, and about 1 cm of bacteria was scraped from the upper part of the culture medium to remove the mycelium layer, and then 20 ml of tap water was added to sufficiently absorb water. After standing for 4 hours, remove the water remaining on the top, incubate for 4 days under the conditions of temperature of 15 ℃, humidity of 95%, and illuminance of 20 lux to form fruit body primordia, and further raise the illuminance to 200 lux. Then, the culture was continued for 10 days, and the effect of the weight ratio of ettringite on the fruit body yield was examined. The results are also shown in Table 1.

<Material used> Hardwood sawdust: sawdust from beech wood Softwood sawdust: Sawdust sawdust Rice bran: Commercial product Anhydrous aluminum sulfate: first-class reagent Slaked lime: First-class reagent

[0014]

[Table 1]

As is clear from Table 1, the addition of ettringite to the artificial culture medium dramatically increased the yield of oyster mushrooms.

Example 2 1 mol of anhydrous aluminum sulfate and 6 mol of slaked lime were added to 0.47 liter of water and mixed at 20 ° C. for 30 minutes to synthesize ettringite, which was then ground to 100 μm or less in a mortar. Artificial culture medium 2
The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that 6 g of crushed ettringite was added to 00 g, and the fruit body yield of Hiratake was measured. The results are also shown in Table 2.

[0017]

[Table 2]

Example 3 CaO and Al ₂ O ₃ were mixed at a molar ratio of 3: 1 and the mixture was heated in an electric furnace at 1,500.
Calcination was performed for 2 hours. It was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis that 3CaO.Al ₂ O ₃ was produced, and the powder was pulverized to a size of 88 μm or less. To 3 liters of water, 1 mol of crushed 3CaO.Al ₂ O ₃ and 3 mol of gypsum dihydrate were added and stirred to synthesize ettringite, which was heated at 110 °
After being dried for one day and one night, it was crushed to 100 μm or less in a mortar. 6 g of crushed ettringite was added to 200 g of the artificial culture medium, and the fruit body yield of Hiratake mushrooms was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0019]

[Table 3]

[0020]

As described in detail above, according to the cultivation method of the present invention, mushrooms can be obtained in high yield.

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Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. An artificial culture medium of a mushroom containing ettringite. 2. A method for artificially cultivating a mushroom using the artificial culture medium according to claim 1.