JPH11155364A - Artificial culture medium for mushroom and artificial cultivation of mushroom using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain an artificial culture medium for mushrooms capable of providing the mushrooms in a high yield and to provide a method for artificial cultivation of mushrooms using the culture medium. SOLUTION: This artificial culture medium for mushrooms contains ettringite. The method for artificial cultivation of mushrooms uses the artificial culture medium. The ettringite used in this invention is represented by 3CaO.Al2 O3 .3CaSO4 .nH2 O [(n) is 30-32] and can be synthesized by compounding a CaO source such as staked lime or quick lime with an Al2 O3 source such as alumina gel, a CaSO4 source such as gypsum dihydrate, hemihydrate gypsum and anhydrous gypsum at a molar ratio for producing the ettringite and stirring the resultant mixture in water or hot water or is simply synthesized by a hydrating reaction of aluminum sulfate with the CaO source. Furthermore, the ettringite is synthesized by the hydrating reaction of a calcium aluminate such as 3CaO.Al2 O3 , 12CaO.7Al2 O3 , CaO.Al2 O3 , CaO.2Al2 O3 , and an alumina cement with the CaO source and the CaSO4 source.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an artificial culture medium for mushrooms and a method for artificially cultivating mushrooms using the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, mushroom cultivation has been mostly cultivation of sodwood using raw wood such as rugs, bunches, and nara. Therefore, harvesting often depends on weather conditions. Recently, it is becoming difficult to obtain raw wood due to a shortage of labor for cutting wood for cultivating soybean trees. Furthermore, in the cultivation of soybean trees, the cultivation period is long, that is, it takes one and a half to two years from inoculation of the inoculum to harvest of the mushroom, so that the production cost is considerably high.

In recent years, a method of artificially cultivating fungus beds, such as enokitake, hiratake, nameko, shiitake, etc., in a bottle or box using a culture medium in which sawn rice is mixed with rice bran has been established. Regardless of whether these mushrooms can be harvested stably. In other words, mushroom cultivation, which has a strong sideline in farmers and has relied on small-scale production, is now shifting to a method of artificial cultivation of fungal beds, which enables large-scale full-scale production and allows easy access to raw materials. However, even in the fungus bed artificial cultivation method, in order to continuously cultivate a large amount of mushrooms, the yield is still low and the cultivation period is considerably long, so that the production cost cannot be said to be inexpensive. Improvement is eagerly awaited. For example, (Al ₂
O ₃ ) _X (SiO ₂ ) (where _x is a number of 1 or more) in the artificial culture medium described above, or (M
gO) _W (Al ₂ O ₃ ) _X (SiO ₂ ) _y (where _w is 1-3
, _X is a number from 1 to 5, _y is a number from 0 to 3), but the above-mentioned artificial culture medium is contained in the above-mentioned artificial culture medium, but the compound cannot be produced at a sufficient yield ( JP 3-21
0126, JP-A-3-58716).

[0004] The inventor of the present invention has carried out sincere studies to solve the problems of the conventional methods for artificial mushroom cultivation.
The present inventors have found that mushrooms can be cultivated at a high yield by using a specific artificial culture medium, and have completed the present invention. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for artificially cultivating high-yield mushrooms in view of the above situation.

[0005]

That is, the present invention relates to an artificial culture medium for mushrooms containing ettringite, and a method for artificially cultivating mushrooms using the artificial culture medium.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.

The ettringite used in the present invention is 3C
aO.Al ₂ O ₃ .3CaSO ₄ .nH ₂ O (n is 30 to 32), which is CaO source such as slaked lime or quicklime, Al ₂ O ₃ source such as alumina gel, gypsum dihydrate, It can be synthesized by mixing CaSO ₄ sources such as water gypsum and anhydrous gypsum in a molar ratio that produces ettringite and stirring in water or warm water. It is also easily synthesized by a hydration reaction between aluminum sulfate and a CaO source, and furthermore, 3CaO.Al ₂ O
_{3, 12CaO · 7Al 2 O 3} , CaO · Al 2 O 3, CaO · 2Al 2 O 3, and calcium aluminate alumina cement, Ca
It is also synthesized by a hydration reaction with an O source or CaSO ₄ source. Usually, ettringite is synthesized in a slurry or paste form, and one ettringite molecule has a large amount of bound water as large as 32 molecules. This bound water is thermally unstable, causing a dehydration reaction of 20 molecules at 60 ° C. and 8 molecules at 110 ° C. The dehydrated compound easily returns to 32 molecules by addition of water. Included in ettringite.
The moisture content of the ettringite can keep the water content of the artificial culture medium constant. Further, in using ettringite, it is preferable to use a slurry or paste-like ettringite that has been dried and pulverized, since powdered one is easier to mix with an artificial culture medium.

[0008] The artificial culture medium used in the present invention is usually
It is prepared by adding an appropriate amount of water to a mixture of a carbon source such as sawdust, bran, and rice husk, and a nitrogen source such as rice bran and soybean meal, and compressing the mixture into a bottle or box. The amount of carbon source, the amount of nitrogen source, and the amount of water vary depending on the type and the amount of water, and are not particularly limited.For example, when using sawdust as a carbon source, the amount of use of sawdust is expressed as dry matter weight. The medium can be used in the range of 20 to 90% of the total dry matter, but the amount used varies depending on the medium component used as the nitrogen source. For example, when using rice bran as a nitrogen source, sawdust is used as a dry matter weight in the range of 20 to 90% of the total dry matter of the medium, but water is added to a mixture of sawdust and rice bran at a weight ratio of 1: 1. It is preferable that the water content adjusted to 55 to 70% is compressed into a bottle or a box and then prepared. As sawdust, hardwood sawdust or softwood sawdust may be used alone or in combination.

The mixing ratio of ettringite and sawdust is 1 to 30 parts by weight of ettringite, 100 parts by weight of sawdust,
Preferably, 3 to 15 parts by weight is the best. However, the amount of ettringite added is not particularly limited by the above values.

The mushrooms cultivated in the present invention are mushrooms that can be artificially cultivated, and include, for example, enokitake, hiratake, nameko, bunshimeji, and shiitake mushroom.

[0011]

The present invention will be further described below with reference to examples of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Example 1 500 g of hardwood sawdust, 500 g of softwood sawdust and 1,000 g of rice bran were put in a plastic bag and mixed well to prepare an artificial culture medium. 1 mol of anhydrous aluminum sulfate and 6 mol of slaked lime were placed in 3 liters of water, stirred at 50 ° C. for 30 minutes to synthesize ettringite, dried at 110 ° C. for 24 hours, and pulverized to 100 μm or less in a mortar. Ettringite shown in Table 1 was added to 200 g of the prepared artificial culture medium to adjust the water content to 65%, and the mixture was pressed into a 1-liter plastic wide-mouth bottle. Drill a hole of about 1cm diameter in the center of each, and after plugging, at 120 ° C
Sterilized for 90 minutes. After cooling, Hiratake sawdust was inoculated and cultured for 30 days in a dark place at a temperature of 25 ° C. and a humidity of 55% (fungal turning step), and further cultured for 30 days to mature. Next, the stopper was removed, the fungus was scraped about 1 cm from the top of the culture medium to remove the mycelium layer, and 20 ml of tap water was added to allow sufficient water absorption. After leaving for 4 hours, remove the water remaining on the upper part, and incubate for 4 days under conditions of temperature 15 ° C, humidity 95%, illuminance 20 lux to form fruiting body primordia, and increase illuminance to 200 lux. Then, the culture was continued for 10 days, and the influence of the weight ratio of ettringite on the fruiting body yield was examined. The results are shown in Table 1.

<Materials Used> Hardwood sawdust: Sawdust of pine wood Softwood sawdust: Sawwood of sapwood Rice bran: Commercial product Anhydrous aluminum sulfate: Reagent first grade Slaked lime: Reagent first grade

[0014]

[Table 1]

As is clear from Table 1, the addition of ettringite to the artificial culture medium drastically increased the yield of Japanese mustard.

Example 2 1 mol of anhydrous aluminum sulfate and 6 mol of slaked lime were placed in 0.47 liter of water and mixed at 20 ° C. for 30 minutes to synthesize ettringite, which was ground to 100 μm or less in a mortar. Artificial culture medium 2
The yield was measured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 6 g of ground ettringite was added to 00 g. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0017]

[Table 2]

Example 3 CaO and Al ₂ O ₃ were mixed at a molar ratio of 3: 1 and mixed in an electric furnace at 1,500.
C. for 2 hours. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that 3CaO.Al ₂ O ₃ was formed, and the powder was ground to 88 μm or less. 1 mol of ground 3CaO.Al ₂ O ₃ and 3 mol of gypsum are added to 3 liters of water and stirred to synthesize ettringite.
After drying for one day and night, it was ground in a mortar to 100 μm or less. 6 g of pulverized ettringite was added to 200 g of the artificial culture medium, and the fruit body yield of Hirakutake was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0019]

[Table 3]

[0020]

As described in detail above, according to the cultivation method of the present invention, mushrooms can be obtained in high yield.

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. An artificial culture of mushrooms comprising ettringite. 2. An artificial cultivation method of a mushroom using the artificial culture medium according to claim 1.