JP3534295B2 - Mushroom artificial culture medium and mushroom artificial cultivation method using the same - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to an artificial culture medium for mushrooms and a method for artificially cultivating mushrooms using the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, mushroom cultivation has been mostly cultivation of sodwood using raw wood such as nuts, bunches, nara, and the like. Therefore, harvesting often depends on weather conditions. There was a problem. Recently, it is becoming difficult to obtain raw wood due to a shortage of labor for cutting wood for cultivating soda wood. Furthermore, in the cultivation of sodwood, since the cultivation period is long, that is, it takes one and a half to two years from inoculation of the inoculum to harvesting of the mushroom, the fact is that the production cost is considerably high.

In recent years, enokitake, hiratake, nameko, shiitake, and the like use a culture medium in which rice bran is mixed with sawdust,
A method of artificially cultivating a fungus bed in which cultivation is carried out in a bottle or a box has been established, and it has become possible to stably harvest these mushrooms throughout the year regardless of the four seasons. In other words, mushroom cultivation, which has relied on small-scale production because of the sideline nature of farmers, is now shifting to a method of artificially cultivating fungal beds, which enables large-scale specialized production and allows easy access to raw materials. However, even in the fungal bed artificial cultivation method, in order to continuously cultivate a large amount of mushrooms, the yield is still low and the cultivation period is considerably long, so that the production cost is not inexpensive. Improvement is eagerly awaited. For example, (Al ₂ O ₃ ) _X (S
iO ₂ ) (where _x in the formula is 1 or more) in which the compound represented by the above-mentioned artificial culture medium is contained, or (MgO) _W (A
l ₂ O ₃ ) _X (SiO ₂ ) _y (where _w is a number of 1 to 3, _x
Is a number of 1 to 5, _y is a number of 0 to 3). The above-mentioned artificial culture medium contains a compound represented by the formula (1). However, at present, mushrooms cannot be produced at a sufficient yield. (JP-A-3-210126, JP-A-3-58716).

The present inventor has conducted sincere studies to solve the problems of the conventional methods for artificial mushroom cultivation.
The present inventors have found that mushrooms can be grown at a high yield by using a specific artificial culture medium, and have completed the present invention. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for artificially cultivating mushrooms with high yield.

[0005]

That is, the present invention relates to Al ₂ O
₃ is a calcium aluminate having a content of 35 to 95 % by weight or a calcium aluminate having an Al ₂ O ₃ content of 35 to 95 % by weight and a sulfate, and is an artificial culture medium of mushrooms. This is an artificial cultivation method using mushrooms.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.

[0007] Calcium aluminates (hereinafter referred to as CAs) used in the present invention are necessary for improving the yield of mushrooms, and include quick lime (CaO) and slaked lime (Ca (OH) ₂ ).
And calcite raw materials such as limestone (CaCO ₃ ) and alumina raw materials such as alumina, bauxite, diaspore, feldspar, and clay at a predetermined ratio, and then mixed with a rotary kiln, a direct current furnace, and a high-frequency furnace. Manufactured. Specific compounds of CAs include 3CaO.Al ₂ O _{3
(C 3 A), 12CaO ·} 7Al 2 O 3 (C 1 2 A 7), 5CaO · 3Al 2 O 3 (C
_{5 A 3), CaO · Al} 2 O 3 (CA), 3CaO · 5Al 2 O 3 (C 3 A 5), CaO
・ 2Al ₂ O ₃ (CA ₂ ) and CaO ・ 6Al ₂ O ₃ (CA ₆ )
In particular, the use of amorphous calcium aluminate obtained by quenching the melt is more preferable. CaO content in the CA compound is 5 to 65 wt%, Al ₂ O ₃ content is preferably 35 to 95 wt%, the CaO content is 20 to 50 wt%, the Al ₂ O ₃ content 50
80% by weight is more preferred. If the CaO content is outside this range, the mushroom yield may not be improved. Furthermore, the calcium aluminate, as other components, sodium, potassium, and compounds containing an alkali metal such as lithium _{(8CaO · Na 2 O · 3Al} 2 O 3 and 3CaO · 2Na ₂ O · 5Al ₂
O _3, etc.), or solid solution, glass or, calcium aluminate, magnesium, strontium, and containing an alkaline earth metal such as barium, compound (3CaO
・ MgO ・ 2Al ₂ O ₃ or 2CaO ・ 2BaO ・ 4Al ₂ O ₃ ) or solid solution or glass, or calcium aluminate contained non-metallic elements such as boron, fluorine, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, and chlorine compound _{(11CaO · 7Al 2 O 3 ·} CaF 2, 3C
aO ・ 3Al ₂ O ₃・ CaF ₂ , 2CaO ・ Al ₂ O ₃・ SiO ₂ , and 4CaO ・ 3A
l ₂ O ₃ · SO ₃ ) or solid solution or glass, or calcium aluminate, titanium, chromium, manganese,
Compounds containing heavy metals such as iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, and germanium (4CaO.Al ₂ O
₃・ Fe ₂ O ₃ ) or a solid solution or glass, or a compound or a solid solution or glass containing calcium aluminate containing two or more selected from alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, nonmetal elements, and heavy metals Etc. can be used within the range of the content of CaO or Al ₂ O ₃ in the present invention. The smaller the particle size of the CAs is, the smaller the addition amount is, because the yield is improved. Specifically, it is preferably 1 mm or less, more preferably 100 μm or less. The amount of CAs used is 0.01% in 100 parts by weight of the artificial culture medium.
-30% by weight is preferred, and 0.1-10% by weight is more preferred. Outside this range, the yield of mushrooms may not be improved. As the CAs of the present invention, various alumina cements can be used.

In the present invention, the combined use of sulfates with CAs further improves the yield of mushrooms. Examples of the sulfate include anhydrous gypsum, hemihydrate gypsum, dihydrate gypsum, anhydrous aluminum sulfate, hydrated aluminum sulfate such as 6, 10, 16 and 18 hydrates, anhydrous sodium sulfate, 7 and 10
Hydrous sodium sulfate such as water salt, anhydrous magnesium sulfate, anhydrous magnesium sulfate such as 1, 6, and heptahydrate, anhydrous lithium sulfate, lithium sulfate monohydrate and the like are preferable, and anhydrous gypsum is particularly preferable. The smaller the particle size of the sulfate is, the smaller the amount is. Specifically, it is preferably 1 mm or less, more preferably 100 μm or less. The amount of sulfate used is
In 100 parts by weight of the artificial culture medium, 0.01 to 30% by weight is preferable,
0.1 to 10% by weight is more preferred.

[0009] The artificial culture medium used in the present invention includes a substrate such as sawdust, rice husk, corn cob, bagasse, pulp waste material, beet cake and starch cake, and a nutrient source such as rice bran, mashed mash, and bran. Use one or a mixture of two or more. Usually, for 1 part by weight of the dry base material,
Use a mixture of about 0.1 to 1.5 parts by weight of nutrient sources. Depending on the type of mushroom, cultivation environment and conditions, the type of base material and nutrient source, the mixing ratio of both are arbitrarily changed, and it is not particularly limited, but for 100 parts by weight of sawdust,
A mixture of 10 to 150 parts by weight of at least one nutrient is more preferable from the viewpoint of obtaining a high yield of mushrooms.

[0010] According to the present invention, the cultivation of mushrooms is not particularly limited because it can be arbitrarily changed according to each environment and situation.
Water is added to the artificial culture medium in which the A or CAs and sulfates are mixed to adjust the water content of the artificial culture medium to 50 to 70% by weight. The mushroom may be performed in accordance with a culture step or growth condition generally used. For example, in the case of cultivation,
After culturing the culture medium inoculated with the bacteria at 22 to 26 ° C for about 30 days,
Aged at 30 ° C for 40-50 days, after scraping the bacteria, the temperature is 14-17 ° C,
The cultivation is carried out at 95-100% humidity for 20-25 days, and the shimeji is grown and harvested. In addition, in the case of shiitake cultivation, the culture medium inoculated with the bacteria is cultured at 20 to 25 ° C for about 30 days, and then 26 to 30 ° C
And then aged at a temperature of 13 to 17 ° C for 1 to 3 days at low temperature. After the first harvest, a second harvest can also be performed on the outbreak again.

[0011] In the present invention, in addition to the above-mentioned substrate and nutrient source, if necessary, an artificial culture medium is used.
For example, ingredients such as calcium carbonate, eggshell powder, shell powder, and slaked lime can be included. The mushrooms cultivated in the present invention are mushrooms that can be artificially cultivated, and include, for example, enokitake, open mushroom, nameko, mushroom, mushroom, jellyfish, monkey mushroom, and shiitake mushroom.

[0012]

The present invention will be further described below with reference to examples of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Example 1 Calcium carbonate shown in Table 1 was produced by mixing calcium carbonate and alumina at a predetermined ratio and calcining the mixture in an electric furnace at a temperature shown in Table 1 for 2 hours. The generated CAs are crushed and 100 μm
Used as: Hardwood sawdust 250g, softwood sawdust 250
g, 500 g of rice bran and 140 ml of water were put in a plastic bag and mixed well to prepare an artificial culture medium having a water content of 65%. Table 1 shows that 3 parts by weight of 100 parts by weight of the prepared artificial culture medium was used.
250 g of the artificial culture medium to which the CAs shown in (1) were added and mixed was pressed into a plastic 850 ml wide-mouth bottle. A hole having a diameter of about 1 cm was made in the center of the jar, and after stoppering, sterilized at 120 ° C. for 90 minutes. After cooling, Hiratake sawdust was inoculated and cultured for 30 days in a dark place at a temperature of 25 ° C. and a humidity of 55% (the fungus turning process), followed by culturing for 30 days, followed by ripening. next,
After removing the stopper and scraping about 1 cm from the top of the culture medium to remove the mycelium layer, 20 ml of tap water was added to allow sufficient water absorption. After leaving for 4 hours, remove the water remaining on the top
Cultured at 15 ° C, 95% humidity, 20 lux illuminance for 4 days to form fruiting body primordia, increased the illuminance to 200 lux and continued cultivation for 10 days. The effect on yield was studied. The results are also shown in Table 1.

<Materials Used> Calcium carbonate: Reagent, CaCO ₃ Alumina: Reagent, Al ₂ O ₃ Hardwood sawdust: Sawwood conifer Softwood sawdust: Sawwood sawdust Rice bran: Commercial product

<Measurement method> Control comparison: Fruit body yield (g) with (CAs + sulfate) added / body yield (g) × 100 (%) without (CAs + sulfate) added

[0016]

[Table 1]

As is clear from Table 1, the artificial culture medium
The addition of CAs dramatically increased the yield of Japanese oyster mushrooms.

Example 2 Example 2 was repeated except that CAs D shown in Table 2 were used. The results are also shown in Table 2.

[0019]

[Table 2]

As is clear from Table 2, the artificial culture medium
When the amount of CAs used was 5 parts by weight, the yield of Japanese hiratake was improved most.

Example 3 Calcium carbonate and alumina were further mixed with sodium carbonate, calcium sulfate, or titanium oxide, and calcined at 1,400 ° C. for 2 hours in an electric furnace to produce CAs shown in Table 3. The procedure was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 3 parts by weight was added to 100 parts by weight of the artificial culture medium. The results are also shown in Table 3.

<Materials Used> Sodium carbonate: reagent, Na ₂ CO ₃ calcium sulfate: reagent, CaSO ₄ titanium oxide: reagent, TiO ₂

[0023]

[Table 3]

As is clear from Table 3, the artificial culture medium
The addition of CAs dramatically increased the yield of Japanese oyster mushrooms.

Example 4 Example 1 except that the CAs and sulfates shown in Table 4 were used.
The same procedure was followed. The results are shown in Table 4.

<Materials used> Sulfate a: anhydrous aluminum sulfate, reagent grade 1 Sulfate b: Aluminum sulfate 18 hydrate, first grade reagent Sulfate c: anhydrous sodium sulfate, reagent first grade Sulfate d: anhydrous magnesium sulfate, reagent first grade Sulfate e: Gypsum dihydrate, first grade reagent Sulfate f: Anhydrite, first grade reagent

[0027]

[Table 4]

As is clear from Table 4, the artificial culture medium was:
The combined use of CAs and sulfates dramatically increased the yield of Japanese mustard.

EXAMPLE 5 350 g of hardwood sawdust, 350 g of softwood sawdust, 300 g of rice bran, and water 1
Put 35ml in a plastic bag, mix well, moisture content 63%
Was prepared. To 250 g of the prepared artificial culture medium,
The CAs and sulfates shown in Table 5 were added, mixed, and pressed into a plastic 850 ml wide-mouth bottle. About 1cm in diameter at the center of each
After making a hole of about a degree and stoppering, sterilization was performed at 120 ° C. for 90 minutes. After cooling, the inoculated fungus was inoculated, cultured at a temperature of 23 ° C. for 30 days, and then aged at 26 ° C. for 45 days. next,
After the fungi were scraped, the plants were grown under the conditions of a temperature of 15 ° C. and a humidity of 95%. Table 5 shows the results.

[0030]

[Table 5]

As is clear from Table 5, the artificial culture medium
The use of CAs or CAs and sulfates dramatically increased the yield of shimejimoji.

Example 6 Hardwood sawdust 300 g, softwood sawdust 300 g, rice bran 40 g, bran 6
0 g, 30 g of crushed moromi and 400 ml of water were put in a plastic bag and mixed well to prepare an artificial culture medium having a water content of 65%. To 250 g of the prepared artificial culture medium, CAs and sulfate f shown in Table 6 were added and mixed, and the mixture was pressed into a plastic 850 ml wide-mouth bottle. A hole having a diameter of about 1 cm was made in the center, and after stoppering, the mixture was sterilized at 120 ° C. for 90 minutes. After cooling, an inoculum of Shiitake was inoculated, cultured at a temperature of 23 ° C. for 30 days, and then aged at 30 ° C. for 50 days. Then, after a low-temperature treatment at 15 ° C. for 2 days, growth was performed at a temperature of 18 ° C. and a humidity of 95%. After harvesting for 10 days, the plants were grown again and harvested for the second time, and the total amount was defined as the yield of shiitake fruit body. Table 6 shows the results
Shown in

<Materials used> CAs L: 54.3% by weight of Al ₂ O ₃ , 36.8% by weight of CaO, SiO ₂
3.7% by weight, 1.4% by weight of Fe ₂ O ₃ and 3.5% by weight of TiO ₂ , a total of 99.7% by weight of alumina cement CAs M: 48.2% by weight of Al ₂ O ₃ , 33.0% by weight of CaO, SiO ₂
4.7% by weight, Fe ₂ O ₃ 10.8% by weight, and TiO ₂ 2.6% by weight,
99.3% by weight of alumina cement

[0034]

[Table 6]

As is clear from Table 6, the artificial culture medium
The use of CAs or CAs and sulfates dramatically increased the yield of shiitake.

[0036]

As described above, according to the cultivation method of the present invention, mushrooms can be obtained in high yield.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on front page (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) A01G 1/04

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. An artificial culture of mushrooms comprising calcium aluminates having an Al ₂ O ₃ content of 35 to 95 % by weight . 2. An artificial culture of mushrooms comprising calcium aluminates having an Al ₂ O ₃ content of 35 to 95 % by weight and sulfates. 3. An artificial cultivation method of a mushroom using the artificial culture medium according to claim 1.