JP3854093B2 - Hatake shimeji fruit body occurrence rate improver - Google Patents

Description

【０００６】
本発明の目的は、上記現状にかんがみて、ハタケシメジの人工栽培に際し、培地の性質を改善し、ハタケシメジの発生率を向上させる材料を提供することにある。
【０００７】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明を概説すれば、本発明の第１の発明は、ハタケシメジの子実体の発生率向上剤に関する発明であって、アルミニウムを含有しないアルカリ土類金属化合物（但し、硫酸マグネシウム、炭酸カルシウムを除く）を必須成分とすることを特徴とする。
本発明の第２の発明は、ハタケシメジの人工栽培用培地に関する発明であって、第１の発明の発生率向上剤を含有することを特徴とする。
本発明の第３の発明は、ハタケシメジの人工栽培方法に関する発明であって、ハタケシメジの人工栽培において前記の発生率向上剤を用いることを特徴とする。
本発明の第４の発明は、ハタケシメジの子実体の発生率向上方法に関する発明であって、前記の発生率向上剤を用いることを特徴とする。
なお、本発明において、当該必須成分と併用する材料の例には、バーミキュライト、鹿沼土、赤玉土、草木灰、及び適合若しくは不適合腐植性基材よりなる群から選択される１以上の材料が挙げられる。
【０００８】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明を具体的に説明する。尚、本発明はアルミニウムを含有しないアルカリ土類金属化合物（但し、硫酸マグネシウム、炭酸カルシウムを除く）を必須成分とするものに係る発明であるが、本発明の前提を説明するために、本明細書においてはアルミニウムを含有するアルカリ土類金属化合物についても言及している。
本発明で使用するハタケシメジの人工栽培方法とは、例えば、エノキタケ、ヒラタケ、ブナシメジなどのきのこの栽培に用いられている方法であって、瓶栽培、袋栽培、箱栽培等であるが、ここで、一例として瓶栽培について述べると、その方法とは通常、培地調製、瓶詰め、殺菌、接種、培養、菌かき、芽だし、生育、収穫の各工程からなる。
【０００９】
培地調製とは、人工栽培に用いる各種基材を計量、かくはんし、加水して水分調整する工程を言う。本発明に用いられるハタケシメジの人工培養基は、通常、鋸屑、チップダスト、コーンコブ等の培地基材と、米糠、フスマ、大麦粉砕物等の栄養源と、腐葉土、バーク堆肥、麦わら堆肥、廃オガの堆肥、コンポスト等の腐植性基材等の混合物に水を適当量加えて調製するのが適当である。なお、腐植性基材は培地重量の５％以上添加されるのが好ましく、培地の水分含量は６０〜７５％、好ましくは６５％付近が適当である。また、鋸屑としては、広葉樹鋸屑あるいは針葉樹鋸屑をそれぞれ単独で用いてもよいが、混合して使用してもよい。瓶詰めとは、８００〜１０００ｍｌ容、好ましくは８５０ｍｌ容のポリプロピレン製広口瓶に、調製した培地を４５０〜７５０ｇ、好ましくは５５０ｇ圧詰し、中央に１ｃｍ程度の穴を開け、打栓する工程を言う。殺菌とは、蒸気により培地中のすべての微生物を死滅させる工程で、常圧殺菌では９８℃、４〜５時間、高圧殺菌では１２０℃、３０〜９０分間行われる。接種とは、放冷された培地に種菌を植えつける工程で、種菌としてはハタケシメジ菌株をＰＧＹ液体培地で２５℃、１０〜１５日間培養したものを用いることができ、１瓶当り２０ｍｌほど無菌的に植えつける。また、ここまで説明した工程で得られる液体種菌接種済みの培養基を、２５℃で３０〜４０日間培養し、培養基全体にハタケシメジの菌糸がまん延したものを固体種菌として用いることができ、１瓶当り１５ｇほど無菌的に植えつける。培養とは、接種済みの培養基を温度２０〜２５℃、湿度４０〜７０％において菌糸をまん延させ、更に熟成をさせる工程で、４０〜１２０日間、好ましくは８０日間前後行われる。菌かきとは、種菌部分と培養基表面をかき取り、原基形成を促す工程で、菌かき後は、直ちに瓶口まで水を入れ３〜５時間後排水する。芽だしとは、子実体原基を形成させる工程で、温度１０〜２０℃、好ましくは１５℃前後、湿度８０％以上、好ましくは８５〜９５％前後、照度５００ルックス以下、好ましくは５０ルックス以下で１０〜２０日間培養を続けると、ハタケシメジの原基が形成される。生育とは、子実体原基から成熟子実体を形成させる工程で温度１０〜２０℃、好ましくは１５℃前後、湿度８０％以上、好ましくは８５〜９５％前後、照度５０ルックス以上、好ましくは２０〜５００ルックスで５〜１５日間培養を続けると、ハタケシメジの成熟子実体を得ることができ、収穫を行って栽培の全工程は終了する。以上瓶栽培方法について詳細に説明したが、本発明で使用する人工栽培は瓶栽培に限定されるものではない。
【００１０】
この人工栽培において前述の人工栽培に好適なハタケシメジの例としてハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株（ＦＥＲＭ ＢＰ−４３４８）を用い、瓶栽培を行う場合も、使用する腐植性基材の良否により、その栽培は大きく影響される。例えば、腐植性基材として適合の腐葉土又はバーク堆肥を用いた場合、Ｋ−３３０４株は良好な発生を示すが、不適合の腐葉土又はバーク堆肥を使用する場合は発生は認められない。
また、腐植性基材の一種として、腐植酸やニトロフミン酸を使用することも可能であるが、これらにもやはり、適合、不適合があり、不適合の腐植酸やニトロフミン酸を用いた場合は、ハタケシメジの発生は認められない。これら不適合の腐植性基材を用いた場合、子実体原基形成以前の段階で分化が停止し、子実体原基から成熟子実体への分化、すなわち生育は認められない。
【００１１】
このような不適合腐植性基材を用いた場合も、本発明の物質を使用すれば、ハタケシメジは良好な発生を示し、成熟子実体への分化が進行する。また、適合の腐植性基材を用いる場合に、本発明の物質を使用すれば、本発明の物質は更に、増収効果を示す。例えば、適合腐植性基材として（有）コトヒラ製の腐葉土又は（株）北炭化成工業製のニトロフミン酸（商品名パールフミン）、不適合腐植性基材として市販の腐葉土（腐葉土Ａ）又は市販のニトロフミン酸（ニトロフミン酸Ｂ）を用い、本発明の物質として、メタケイ酸アルミン酸マグネシウム〔（株）富士化学工業製、商品名ノイシリン〕５ｇ／瓶を使用し、腐葉土の場合は、前述(1)〜(3)の工程で、ニトロフミン酸の場合は、培地材料をニトロフミン酸３０ｇ、鋸屑１００ｇ、米糠１００ｇとして、前述(1)〜(3)の工程に準じて、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株を栽培した場合の例を表１に示す。
【００１２】
【表１】

【００１３】
更に、本発明の物質を用いることにより、従来ハタケシメジの栽培に必要とされていた腐植性基材を用いずに、ハタケシメジを栽培することも可能となる。例えば、腐植性基材を含まない培地として、鋸屑１００ｇ、米糠１００ｇを用い、本発明の物質として、メタケイ酸アルミン酸マグネシウム〔ノイシリン〕０、１、３、５、７、１０、１５、又は２０ｇ／瓶を使用し、前述(1)〜(3)の工程に準じて、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株を栽培した場合の例を表２に示す。
【００１４】
【表２】

【００１５】
このように、本発明の物質を用いることにより、腐植性基材を使用せずにハタケシメジの栽培が可能となるが、かかる条件では、腐植性基材を使用する場合に比べて、より多量の物質が必要となる。そこで本発明者らは、更に検討を続け、本発明の物質を組合せて使用することにより、腐植性基材を用いずに、かつ、少量の物質添加でハタケシメジの栽培が可能になることを見出した。例えば、培地として、鋸屑１００ｇ、米糠１００ｇを用い、本発明の物質として、メタケイ酸アルミン酸マグネシウム〔ノイシリン〕２ｇ／瓶と炭酸カルシウム〔（株）ナカライテスク製、試薬特級〕３ｇ／瓶を使用し、前述(1)〜(3)の工程に準じて、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株を栽培した場合の例を表３に示す。
【００１６】
【表３】

【００１７】
更にまた、本発明の物質を用いることにより、従来、人工栽培には不適とされていたハタケシメジ菌株の人工栽培も可能となる。
前出特開平４−２１１３０８号公報に記載のハタケシメジ菌株ＩＦＯ３０１６１株は、上記適合腐植性基材を用いた場合でも、極めて低い確率でしか、成熟子実体の発生は認められず、発生率が極めて低いが、培地に本発明の物質、例えば、前出のメタケイ酸アルミン酸マグネシウム５ｇ／瓶を使用した場合、表４に示す様に顕著な発生率の向上がある。また、その平均収量も顕著な増加を示す。
【００１８】
【表４】

【００１９】
次に、本発明の材料の主要基材への添加の例を述べる。
アルカリ土類金属化合物を使用する場合、主要基材との混合比率は、その形態や、添加方法によって大きく異なり、例えば、酸化マグネシウムの場合は好ましくは０．３〜１０．０：１００、中でも０．３〜３．０：１００が最もよい。また、硝酸カルシウムの場合は、好ましくは０．３〜２０．０：１００、中でも０．３〜１５．０：１００が最もよい。なお、本発明においてアルカリ土類金属とは、広義のアルカリ土類金属をさし、ベリリウムとマグネシウムを含む。また、その形態は、必ずしも純品である必要はなく、また、苦土石灰や骨粉の様な天然の素材、過リン酸石灰と言った半天然の素材でもよい。また、適合の腐植酸、ニトロフミン酸は、いずれも石灰、あるいは苦土石灰等のアルカリ土類金属含有物である。
【００２０】
しかしながら、これらの各化合物及び天然物の添加量は、上記の数値によって特に制約されるものではない。また、アルカリ土類金属化合物は、単独で用いてもよいが、２種類以上を混合して用いてもよい。なお、本発明で使用される化合物は、無水物でも、含水物でもよい。また、不可避不純物を含有してもよい。
【００２１】
以上詳細に説明したように、アルカリ土類金属化合物は、ハタケシメジの子実体原基形成から成熟子実体へ進行する以前の段階に作用し、ハタケシメジの成熟子実体の発生を導き、その発生率が顕著に向上する。更に増収効果も認められ、従来ハタケシメジの人工栽培に不適であった培養基材、菌株を用いてもハタケシメジの工業的人工栽培が容易となる。
【００２２】
【実施例】
以下、本発明を実施例により更に具体的に説明するが、本発明は以下の実施例の範囲のみに限定されるものではない。
【００２３】
参考例
ＰＧＹ液体培地（組成：グルコース２．０％、ペプトン０．２％、酵母エキス０．２％、ＫＨ₂ ＰＯ₄ ０．０５％及びＭｇＳＯ₄・７Ｈ₂ Ｏ ０．０５％、ｐＨ６．０）１００ｍｌにハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株（ＦＥＲＭ ＢＰ−４３４８）を接種して、２５℃で１０日間培養し液体種菌とした。一方、適合腐植性基材として（有）コトヒラ製の腐葉土又は（株）北炭化成工業製のニトロフミン酸（商品名パールフミン）、不適合腐植性基材として市販の腐葉土（腐葉土Ａ）又は市販のニトロフミン酸（ニトロフミン酸Ｂ）を用意し、腐葉土の場合は、腐葉土（腐葉土Ａ）５０ｇ、鋸屑（スギ材）５０ｇ、米糠１００ｇの比率で、ニトロフミン酸の場合は、ニトロフミン酸３０ｇ、鋸屑（スギ材）１００ｇ、米糠１００ｇの比率で、よく混合し、これに、メタケイ酸アルミン酸マグネシウム〔（株）富士化学工業製、商品名イノシリン〕を０又は５ｇ／瓶添加し水分含有率を６３％に調整したものをポリプロピレン製の広口培養瓶（８５０ｍｌ）に、圧詰して、中央に直径１ｃｍ程度の穴を開け、打栓後１２０℃６０分間高圧殺菌を行い、放冷して固形培養基としたものを各区３２本準備した。これに上記の液体培養種菌を１瓶当り約２０ｍｌ接種し、まず暗所にて、温度２５℃、湿度５５％の条件下、培養基に見掛上菌糸が回るまで３５日間培養し、更に３０日間培養を続け熟成させた。次に、菌かきをして培養基の上部から約１ｃｍほどの菌糸層を除いてから、水道水を瓶口まで加えて３時間放置後排水し、照度２０ルックス、温度１５℃、湿度９０％の条件下で１１日間培養を続け、子実体原基を形成させた。原基が形成された培養基は、次に照度５００ルックス、温度１５℃、湿度９０％の条件下１２日間培養を続け、成熟子実体を得られた瓶数及び１瓶当りの子実体収量を測定し、適合腐植性基材又は不適合腐植性基材使用時に、メタケイ酸アルミン酸マグネシウムが、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の発生率及び収量に与える影響を調べた。結果は前出表１の通りであった。
表１で明らかなように、人工培養基に、メタケイ酸アルミン酸マグネシウムを添加することにより、不適合腐植性基材使用時はハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の発生率が、無添加のコントロールと比べ飛躍的に向上し、その結果平均収量も著しく向上した。また、適合腐植性基材使用時は、無添加のコントロールと比べて、発生率は変らなかったが、平均収量は顕著に増大した。
【００２４】
実施例２０
参考例と同様にして、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の液体種菌を準備した。一方、ポリプロピレン製の広口培養瓶（８５０ｍｌ）に、不適合腐植性基材として、市販の腐葉土（腐葉土Ａ）、鋸屑（スギ材）５０ｇ、米糠１００ｇをよく混合し、これに、酸化マグネシウム〔（株）ナカライテスク製、試薬一級〕、酸化カルシウム〔（株）ナカライテスク製、試薬特級〕、酸化バリウム〔（株）ナカライテスク製、試薬特級〕、又は酸化ストロンチウム〔（株）ナカライテスク製、試薬特級〕をそれぞれ０、０．３、０．６、１、３、５、７、又は１０ｇ添加し水分含有率を６３％に調整した固形培養基を参考例と同様にして各区３２本準備した。これに上記の液体培養種菌を植菌し、参考例と同様にハタケシメジの人工栽培を行い、成熟子実体を得られた瓶数を測定し、不適合腐植性基材使用時に、酸化マグネシウム、酸化カルシウム、酸化バリウム、又は酸化ストロンチウムが、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の発生率に与える影響を調べた。結果を表２０に示す。
【００２５】
【表２０】

【００２６】
表２０で明らかなように、不適合腐植性基材を使用した人工培養基に、酸化マグネシウム、酸化カルシウム、酸化バリウム、又は酸化ストロンチウムを添加することにより、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の発生率が、無添加のコントロールと比べ、飛躍的に増大した。
【００２７】
実施例２１
参考例と同様にして、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の液体種菌を準備した。一方、ポリプロピレン製の広口培養瓶（８５０ｍｌ）に、不適合腐植性基材として、市販の腐葉土（腐葉土Ａ）、鋸屑（スギ材）５０ｇ、米糠１００ｇをよく混合し、これに、水酸化カルシウム〔（株）ナカライテスク製、試薬特級〕、水酸化マグネシウム〔（株）ナカライテスク製、化学用〕、水酸化バリウム〔（株）ナカライテスク製、試薬特級八水和物〕、水酸化ストロンチウム〔（株）ナカライテスク製、試薬一級八水和物〕、又は水酸化ベリリウム〔（株）三津和化学薬品製〕をそれぞれ０、０．３、０．６、１、３、５、７、１０、１５、又は２０ｇ添加し水分含有率を６３％に調整した固形培養基を参考例と同様にして各区３２本準備した。これに上記の液体培養種菌を植菌し、参考例と同様にハタケシメジの人工栽培を行い、成熟子実体を得られた瓶数を測定し、不適合腐植性基材使用時に、水酸化カルシウム、水酸化マグネシウム、水酸化バリウム、水酸化ストロンチウム、又は水酸化ベリリウムが、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の発生率に与える影響を調べた。結果を表２１に示す。
【００２８】
【表２１】

【００２９】
表２１で明らかなように、不適合腐植性基材を使用した人工培養基に、水酸化カルシウム、水酸化マグネシウム、水酸化バリウム、水酸化ストロンチウム、又は水酸化ベリリウムを添加することにより、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の発生率が、無添加のコントロールと比べ、飛躍的に増大した。
【００３０】
実施例２２
参考例と同様にして、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の液体種菌を準備した。一方、ポリプロピレン製の広口培養瓶（８５０ｍｌ）に、不適合腐植性基材として、市販の腐葉土（腐葉土Ａ）、鋸屑（スギ材）５０ｇ、米糠１００ｇをよく混合し、これに、炭酸カルシウム〔（株）ナカライテスク製、試薬特級〕、炭酸マグネシウム〔（株）ナカライテスク製、化学用〕、炭酸バリウム〔（株）ナカライテスク製、試薬特級〕、又は炭酸ストロンチウム〔（株）和光純薬工業製〕をそれぞれ０、０．３、０．６、１、３、５、７、１０、１５、又は２０ｇ添加し水分含有率を６３％に調整した固形培養基を参考例と同様にして各区３２本準備した。これに上記の液体培養種菌を植菌し、参考例と同様にハタケシメジの人工栽培を行い、成熟子実体を得られた瓶数を測定し、不適合腐植性基材使用時に、炭酸カルシウム、炭酸マグネシウム、炭酸バリウム、又は炭酸ストロンチウムが、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の発生率に与える影響を調べた。結果を表２２に示す。
【００３１】
【表２２】

【００３２】
表２２で明らかなように、不適合腐植性基材を使用した人工培養基に、炭酸カルシウム、炭酸マグネシウム、炭酸バリウム、又は炭酸ストロンチウムを添加することにより、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の発生率が、無添加のコントロールと比べ、飛躍的に増大した。
【００３３】
実施例２３
参考例と同様にして、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の液体種菌を準備した。一方、ポリプロピレン製の広口培養瓶（８５０ｍｌ）に、不適合腐植性基材として、市販の腐葉土（腐葉土Ａ）、鋸屑（スギ材）５０ｇ、米糠１００ｇをよく混合し、これに、ステアリン酸カルシウム〔（株）キシダ化学製〕又はステアリン酸マグネシウム〔（株）淡南化学製〕をそれぞれ０、０．３、０．６、１、３、５、７、１０、１５、又は２０ｇ添加し水分含有率を６３％に調整した固形培養基を参考例と同様にして各区３２本準備した。これに上記の液体培養種菌を植菌し、参考例と同様にハタケシメジの人工栽培を行い、成熟子実体を得られた瓶数を測定し、不適合腐植性基材使用時に、ステアリン酸カルシウム又はステアリン酸マグネシウムが、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の発生率に与える影響を調べた。結果を表２３に示す。
【００３４】
【表２３】

【００３５】
表２３で明らかなように、不適合腐植性基材を使用した人工培養基に、ステアリン酸カルシウム又はステアリン酸マグネシウムを添加することにより、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の発生率が、無添加のコントロールと比べ、飛躍的に増大した。
【００３６】
実施例２４
参考例と同様にして、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の液体種菌を準備した。一方、ポリプロピレン製の広口培養瓶（８５０ｍｌ）に、不適合腐植性基材として、市販の腐葉土（腐葉土Ａ）、鋸屑（スギ材）５０ｇ、米糠１００ｇをよく混合し、これに、硝酸カルシウム〔（株）ナカライテスク製、試薬特級四水和物〕を水溶液状態で、０、０．３、０．６、１、３、５、７、１０、１５、又は２０ｇ添加し水分含有率を６３％に調整した固形培養基を参考例と同様にして各区３２本準備した。これに上記の液体培養種菌を植菌し、参考例と同様にハタケシメジの人工栽培を行い、成熟子実体を得られた瓶数を測定し、不適合腐植性基材使用時に、硝酸カルシウムが、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の発生率に与える影響を調べた。結果を表２４に示す。
【００３７】
【表２４】

【００３８】
表２４で明らかなように、不適合腐植性基材を使用した人工培養基に、硝酸カルシウムを添加することにより、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の発生率が、無添加のコントロールと比べ、飛躍的に増大した。
【００３９】
実施例２５
参考例と同様にして、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の液体種菌を準備した。一方、ポリプロピレン製の広口培養瓶（８５０ｍｌ）に、不適合腐植性基材として、市販の腐葉土（腐葉土Ａ）、鋸屑（スギ材）５０ｇ、米糠１００ｇをよく混合し、これに、硫酸ベリリウム〔（株）三津和化学薬品製〕を、０、０．３、０．６、１、３、５、７、１０、１５、又は２０ｇ添加し水分含有率を６３％に調整した固形培養基を参考例と同様にして各区３２本準備した。これに上記の液体培養種菌を植菌し参考例と同様にハタケシメジの人工栽培を行い、成熟子実体を得られた瓶数を測定し、不適合腐植性基材使用時に、硫酸ベリリウムが、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の発生率に与える影響を調べた。結果を表２５に示す。
【００４０】
【表２５】

【００４１】
表２５で明らかなように、不適合腐植性基材を使用した人工培養基に、硫酸ベリリウムを添加することにより、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の発生率が、無添加のコントロールと比べ、飛躍的に増大した。
【００４２】
実施例２６
参考例と同様にして、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の液体種菌を準備した。一方、ポリプロピレン製の広口培養瓶（８５０ｍｌ）に、不適合腐植性基材として、市販の腐葉土（腐葉土Ａ）、鋸屑（スギ材）５０ｇ、米糠１００ｇをよく混合し、これに、酢酸マグネシウム〔（株）ナカライテスク製、試薬一級四水和物〕、又は酢酸バリウム〔（株）ナカライテスク製、試薬一級〕をそれぞれ０、０．３、０．６、１、３、５、７、１０、１５、又は２０ｇ添加し水分含有率を６３％に調整した固形培養基を参考例と同様にして各区３２本準備した。これに上記の液体培養種菌を植菌し、参考例と同様にハタケシメジの人工栽培を行い、成熟子実体を得られた瓶数を測定し、不適合腐植性基材使用時に、酢酸マグネシウム又は酢酸バリウムが、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の発生率に与える影響を調べた。結果を表２６に示す。
【００４３】
【表２６】

【００４４】
表２６で明らかなように、不適合腐植性基材を使用した人工培養基に、酢酸マグネシウム又は酢酸バリウムを添加することにより、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の発生率が、無添加のコントロールと比べ、飛躍的に増大した。
【００４５】
実施例２７
参考例と同様にして、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の液体種菌を準備した。一方、ポリプロピレン製の広口培養瓶（８５０ｍｌ）に、不適合腐植性基材として、市販の腐葉土（腐葉土Ａ）、鋸屑（スギ材）５０ｇ、米糠１００ｇをよく混合し、これに、乳酸カルシウム〔（株）ナカライテスク製、試薬一級〕又はぎ酸バリウム〔（株）関東化学製、試薬一級〕をそれぞれ０、１、３、５、７、１０、１５、２０、又は３０ｇ添加し水分含有率を６３％に調整した固形培養基を参考例と同様にして各区３２本準備した。これに上記の液体培養種菌を植菌し、参考例と同様にハタケシメジの人工栽培を行い、成熟子実体を得られた瓶数を測定し、不適合腐植性基材使用時に、乳酸カルシウム又はぎ酸バリウムが、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の発生率に与える影響を調べた。結果を表２７に示す。
【００４６】
【表２７】

【００４７】
表２７で明らかなように、不適合腐植性基材を使用した人工培養基に、乳酸カルシウム又はぎ酸バリウムを添加することにより、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の発生率が、無添加のコントロールと比べ、飛躍的に増大した。
【００４８】
実施例２８
参考例と同様にして、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の液体種菌を準備した。一方、ポリプロピレン製の広口培養瓶（８５０ｍｌ）に、不適合腐植性基材として、市販の腐葉土（腐葉土Ａ）、鋸屑（スギ材）５０ｇ、米糠１００ｇをよく混合し、これに、くえん酸カルシウム〔（株）ナカライテスク製、試薬一級〕又はくえん酸マグネシウム〔（株）ナカライテスク製、試薬一級〕をそれぞれ０、１、３、５、７、１０、１５、２０、又は３０ｇ添加し水分含有率を６３％に調整した固形培養基を参考例と同様にして各区３２本準備した。これに上記の液体培養種菌を植菌し、参考例と同様にハタケシメジの人工栽培を行い、成熟子実体を得られた瓶数を測定し、不適合腐植性基材使用時に、くえん酸カルシウム又はくえん酸マグネシウムが、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の発生率に与える影響を調べた。結果を表２８に示す。
【００４９】
【表２８】

【００５０】
表２８で明らかなように、不適合腐植性基材を使用した人工培養基に、くえん酸カルシウム又はくえん酸マグネシウムを添加することにより、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の発生率が、無添加のコントロールと比べ、飛躍的に増大した。
【００５１】
実施例２９
参考例と同様にして、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の液体種菌を準備した。一方、ポリプロピレン製の広口培養瓶（８５０ｍｌ）に、不適合腐植性基材として、市販の腐葉土（腐葉土Ａ）、鋸屑（スギ材）５０ｇ、米糠１００ｇをよく混合し、これに、グルコン酸カルシウム〔（株）ナカライテスク製、試薬特級〕又はグルコン酸マグネシウム〔（株）富田製薬製〕をそれぞれ０、３、５、７、１０、１５、２０、３０、又は４０ｇ添加し水分含有率を６３％に調整した固形培養基を参考例と同様にして各区３２本準備した。これに上記の液体培養種菌を植菌し、参考例と同様にハタケシメジの人工栽培を行い、成熟子実体を得られた瓶数を測定し、不適合腐植性基材使用時に、グルコン酸カルシウム又はグルコン酸マグネシウムが、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の発生率に与える影響を調べた。結果を表２９に示す。
【００５２】
【表２９】

【００５３】
表２９で明らかなように、不適合腐植性基材を使用した人工培養基に、グルコン酸カルシウム又はグルコン酸マグネシウムを添加することにより、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の発生率が、無添加のコントロールと比べ、飛躍的に増大した。
【００５４】
実施例３０
参考例と同様にして、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の液体種菌を準備した。一方、ポリプロピレン製の広口培養瓶（８５０ｍｌ）に、不適合腐植性基材として、市販の腐葉土（腐葉土Ａ）、鋸屑（スギ材）５０ｇ、米糠１００ｇをよく混合し、これに、ニトロフミン酸の苦土石灰中和沈殿物〔（株）北炭化成製、商品名パールフミン、保証成分：アルカリ分（有効石灰）３５％、く溶性苦土６％〕又は腐植リン〔（株）日本重化学工業製、保証成分：く溶性苦土８％、含有成分：可溶性石灰１７％〕を、０、１、５、１０、３０、５０、又は１００ｇ添加し水分含有率を６３％に調整した固形培養基を参考例と同様にして各区３２本準備した。これに上記の液体培養種菌を植菌し、参考例と同様にハタケシメジの人工栽培を行い、成熟子実体を得られた瓶数を測定し、不適合腐植性基材使用時に、ニトロフミン酸の苦土石灰中和物又は腐植リンが、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の発生率に与える影響を調べた。結果を表３０に示す。
【００５５】
【表３０】

【００５６】
表３０で明らかなように、不適合腐植性基材を使用した人工培養基に、ニトロフミン酸の苦土石灰中和物又は腐植リンを添加することにより、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の発生率が、無添加のコントロールと比べ、飛躍的に増大した。
【００５７】
実施例３１
参考例と同様にして、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の液体種菌を準備した。一方、ポリプロピレン製の広口培養瓶（８５０ｍｌ）に、不適合腐植性基材として、市販の腐葉土（腐葉土Ａ）、鋸屑（スギ材）５０ｇ、米糠１００ｇをよく混合し、これに、骨粉〔（株）花ごころ製、蒸製骨粉〕、苦土石灰〔（株）清水工業製、１５炭酸苦土石灰、保証成分：アルカリ分（有効石灰）５３％、苦土５％〕、過リン酸石灰〔（株）多木化学製〕、又は石灰窒素〔（株）日本カーバイド工業製、商品名クニ印石灰窒素５０、保証成分：アルカリ分（有効石灰）５５％〕をそれぞれ０、１、５、１０、１５、２０、３０、又は４０ｇ添加し水分含有率を６３％に調整した固形培養基を参考例と同様にして各区３２本準備した。これに上記の液体培養種菌を植菌し、参考例と同様にハタケシメジの人工栽培を行い、成熟子実体を得られた瓶数を測定し、不適合腐植性基材使用時に、骨粉、炭酸苦土石灰、過リン酸石灰、又は石灰窒素が、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の発生率に与える影響を調べた。結果を表３１に示す。
【００５８】
【表３１】

【００５９】
表３１で明らかなように、不適合腐植性基材を使用した人工培養基に、骨粉、炭酸苦土石灰、過リン酸石灰、又は石灰窒素を添加することにより、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の発生率が、無添加のコントロールと比べ、飛躍的に増大した。
【００６０】
実施例３２
参考例と同様にして、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の液体種菌を準備した。一方、ポリプロピレン製の広口培養瓶（８５０ｍｌ）に、不適合腐植性基材として、市販の腐葉土（腐葉土Ａ）、鋸屑（スギ材）５０ｇ、米糠１００ｇをよく混合し、これに、炭酸カルシウム〔（株）上田石灰製造製、商品名マル上印炭酸カルシウム、保証成分：アルカリ分（有効石灰）５３％〕、水酸化苦土〔（株）ナイカイ塩業製、保証成分：く溶性苦土５０％〕、又はかき副産石灰〔（株）村田カルシウム製造所製、商品名有機石灰カルエース、分析例：炭酸カルシウム８６％〕をそれぞれ０、１、５、１０、１５、２０、３０、又は４０ｇ添加し水分含有率を６３％に調整した固形培養基を参考例と同様にして各区３２本準備した。これに上記の液体培養種菌を植菌し、参考例と同様にハタケシメジの人工栽培を行い、成熟子実体を得られた瓶数を測定し、不適合腐植性基材使用時に、炭酸カルシウム、水酸化苦土、又はかき副産石灰が、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の発生率に与える影響を調べた。結果を表３２に示す。
【００６１】
【表３２】

【００６２】
表３２で明らかなように、不適合腐植性基材を使用した人工培養基に、炭酸カルシウム、水酸化苦土、又はかき副産石灰を添加することにより、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の発生率が、無添加のコントロールと比べ、飛躍的に増大した。
【００６３】
実施例３３
参考例と同様にして、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の液体種菌を準備した。一方、ポリプロピレン製の広口培養瓶（８５０ｍｌ）に、不適合腐植性基材として、市販の腐葉土（腐葉土Ａ）、鋸屑（スギ材）５０ｇ、米糠１００ｇをよく混合し、これに、苦土生石灰〔（株）上田石灰製造製、保証成分：アルカリ分（有効石灰）１００％、可溶性苦土３０％〕又は消石灰〔（株）ナイカイ塩業製、保証成分：アルカリ分（有効石灰）６５％〕をそれぞれ０、１、５、１０、１５、又は２０ｇ添加し水分含有率を６３％に調整した固形培養基を参考例と同様にして各区３２本準備した。これに上記の液体培養種菌を植菌し、参考例と同様にハタケシメジの人工栽培を行い、成熟子実体を得られた瓶数を測定し、不適合腐植性基材使用時に、苦土生石灰又は消石灰が、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の発生率に与える影響を調べた。結果を表３３に示す。
【００６４】
【表３３】

【００６５】
表３３で明らかなように、不適合腐植性基材を使用した人工培養基に、苦土生石灰又は消石灰を添加することにより、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の発生率が、無添加のコントロールと比べ、飛躍的に増大した。
【００６６】
実施例３４
参考例と同様にして、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の液体種菌を準備した。一方、ポリプロピレン製の広口培養瓶（８５０ｍｌ）に、不適合腐植性基材として、市販の腐葉土（腐葉土Ａ）、鋸屑（スギ材）５０ｇ、米糠１００ｇをよく混合し、これに、草木灰〔市販品、分析例：石灰全量１１．７％〕、転炉滓〔（株）日本耕土産業製、分析例：可溶性石灰３５〜４５％、可溶性苦土３％〕、熔リン〔輸入元（株）松下電器産業、商品名２００熔成リン肥、保証成分：アルカリ分（有効石灰）５０％、く溶性苦土１２．０％〕、又はリンスター〔（株）三菱化成製、商品名リンスター、保証成分：く溶性苦土８％〕をそれぞれ０、１、５、１０、１５、２０、３０、又は４０ｇ添加し水分含有率を６３％に調整した固形培養基を参考例と同様にして各区３２本準備した。これに上記の液体培養種菌を植菌し、参考例と同様にハタケシメジの人工栽培を行い、成熟子実体を得られた瓶数を測定し、不適合腐植性基材使用時に、草木灰、転炉滓、熔リン、又はリンスターが、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の発生率に与える影響を調べた。結果を表３４に示す。
【００６７】
【表３４】

【００６８】
表３４で明らからように、不適合腐植性基材を使用した人工培養基に、草木灰、転炉滓、熔リン又はリンスターを添加することにより、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の発生率が、無添加のコントロールと比べ、飛躍的に増大した。
【００６９】
実施例３５
参考例と同様にして、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の液体種菌を準備した。一方、ポリプロピレン製の広口培養瓶（８５０ｍｌ）に、不適合腐植性基材として、市販の腐葉土（腐葉土Ａ）、鋸屑（スギ材）５０ｇ、米糠１００ｇをよく混合し、これに、ＭｇＯ、Ａｌ₂ Ｏ₃ 、ＳｉＯ₂ を下記式（化１）：
【００７０】
【化１】

【００７１】
で表される重量比で含有する化合物について、表３５〜３６の組合せのものをそれぞれ０、０．３、０．６、１、３、５、７、１０、１５、又は２０ｇ添加し水分含有率を６３％に調整した固形培養基を参考例と同様にして各区３２本準備した。これに上記の液体培養種菌を植菌し、参考例と同様にハタケシメジの人工栽培を行い、成熟子実体を得られた瓶数を測定し、不適合腐植性基材使用時に、式（化１）で表される化合物が、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の発生率に与える影響を調べた。結果を表３７〜３９に示す。
【００７２】
【表３５】

【００７３】
【表３６】

【００７４】
【表３７】

【００７５】
【表３８】

【００７６】
【表３９】

【００７７】
表３７〜３９で明らかなように、不適合腐植性基材を使用した人工培養基に、式（化１）で表される重量比で含有する化合物を添加することにより、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の発生率が、無添加のコントロールと比べ、飛躍的に増大した。
【００７８】
実施例３６
参考例と同様にして、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の液体種菌を準備した。一方、ポリプロピレン製の広口培養瓶（８５０ｍｌ）に、不適合腐植性基材として、市販の腐葉土（腐葉土Ａ）、鋸屑（スギ材）５０ｇ、米糠１００ｇをよく混合し、これに、ＣａＯ、Ａｌ₂Ｏ₃ 、ＳｉＯ₂ を下記式（化２）：
【００７９】
【化２】

【００８０】
で表される重量比で含有する化合物について、表４０の組合せのものをそれぞれ０、０．３、０．６、１、３、５、７、１０、１５、又は２０ｇ添加し水分含有率を６３％に調整した固形培養基を参考例と同様にして各区３２本準備した。これに上記の液体培養種菌を植菌し参考例と同様にハタケシメジの人工栽培を行い、成熟子実体を得られた瓶数を測定し、不適合腐植性基材使用時に、式（化２）で表される化合物が、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の発生率に与える影響を調べた。結果を表４１に示す。
【００８１】
【表４０】

【００８２】
【表４１】

【００８３】
表４１で明らかなように、不適合腐植性基材を使用した人工培養基に、式（化２）で表される重量比で含有する化合物を添加することにより、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の発生率が、無添加のコントロールと比べ、飛躍的に増大した。
【００８４】
実施例３８
参考例と同様にして、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の液体種菌を準備した。一方、鋸屑（杉材）１００ｇ、米糠１００ｇをよく混合し、これに、ニトロフミン酸の苦土石灰中和物〔パールフミン〕を０又は１０ｇ／瓶及びメタケイ酸アルミン酸マグネシウム〔ノイシリン〕を０又は３ｇ／瓶を添加し、水分含有率を６３％に調整した固形培養基を各区３２本準備した。これに上記の液体培養種菌を植菌し、培養基に見掛上菌糸が回るまで培養し、その後、更に培養を続け熟成させた。計１００日間培養した後に、菌かきをして１０日間培養を続け、子実体原基を形成させた。原基が形成された培養基は、更に１２日間培養を続け、成熟子実体を得られた瓶数を測定し、腐植性基材を使用しない培地で、ニトロフミン酸の苦土石灰中和物及びメタケイ酸アルミン酸マグネシウムが、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の発生率に与える影響を調べた。結果を表４３に示す。
【００８５】
【表４３】

【００８６】
表４３で明らかなように、人工培養基に、ニトロフミン酸の苦土石灰中和物及びメタケイ酸アルミン酸マグネシウムを同時に添加することにより、従来人工培養には必要とされていた腐植性基材を含まない培地でも、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の発生率が、無添加のコントロールと比べ飛躍的に向上し、その際に必要なニトロフミン酸の苦土石灰中和物及びメタケイ酸アルミン酸マグネシウム量は、各々を単独で使用するよりも少量であった。
【００８７】
実施例３９
参考例と同様にして、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の液体種菌を準備した。一方、鋸屑（杉材）１００ｇ、米糠１００ｇをよく混合し、これに、ニトロフミン酸の苦土石灰中和物〔パールフミン〕を０又は１０ｇ／瓶添加した。更に、ＣａＯ、Ａｌ₂Ｏ₃ 、ＳｉＯ₂ を約（ＣａＯ）1 （Ａｌ₂ Ｏ₃ ）₃（ＳｉＯ₂ ）₃ 〔（株）協和化学工業製試作品〕で表される重量比で含有する化合物（以下化合物Ａと略す）又はＭｇＯ、Ａｌ₂Ｏ₃ 、ＳｉＯ₂ を約（ＭｇＯ）₁ （Ａｌ₂ Ｏ₃）₃ （ＳｉＯ₂ ）₃ 〔（株）協和化学工業製試作品〕で表される重量比で含有する化合物（以下化合物Ｂと略す）を０又は３ｇ／瓶添加し、水分含有率を６３％に調整した固形培養基を各区３２本準備した。これに上記の液体培養種菌を植菌し、培養基に見掛上菌糸が回るまで培養し、その後、更に培養を続け熟成させた。計１００日間培養した後に、菌かきをして１０日間培養を続け、子実体原基を形成させた。原基が形成された培養基は、更に１２日間培養を続け、成熟子実体を得られた瓶数を測定し、腐植性基材を使用しない培地で、ニトロフミン酸の苦土石灰中和物及び化合物Ａ又は化合物Ｂが、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の発生率に与える影響を調べた。結果を表４４に示す。
【００８８】
【表４４】

【００８９】
表４４で明らかなように、ニトロフミン酸の苦土石灰中和物を添加した人工培養基に、化合物Ａ又は化合物Ｂを添加することにより、従来人工培養には必要とされていた腐植性基材を含まない培地でも、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の発生率が、無添加のコントロールと比べ飛躍的に向上し、その際に必要なニトロフミン酸の苦土石灰中和物及び化合物Ａ又は化合物Ｂの添加量は、各々を単独で使用するよりも少量であった。
【００９０】
実施例４１
参考例と同様にして、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の液体種菌を準備した。一方、鋸屑（杉材）１００ｇ、米糠１００ｇをよく混合し、これにニトロフミン酸の苦土石灰中和物〔パールフミン〕を０又は３０ｇ／瓶及びメタケイ酸アルミン酸マグネシウム〔ノイシリン〕を０又は３ｇ／瓶を添加し、更に硝酸カルシウム〔（株）ナカライテスク製、試薬特級〕０、３、５、又は１０ｇ／瓶を水溶液状態で添加し、水分含有率を６３％に調整した固形培養基を各区３２本準備した。これに上記の液体培養種菌を植菌し、培養基に見掛上菌糸が回るまで培養し、菌糸が回るのに必要な日数（菌回り日数）を測定した。その後、更に培養を続け熟成させた。計１００日間培養した後に、菌かきをして１０日間培養を続け、子実体原基を形成させた。原基が形成された培養基は、更に１２日間培養を続け、成熟子実体を得られた瓶数を測定し、腐植性基材を使用しない培地で、ニトロフミン酸の苦土石灰中和物、メタケイ酸アルミン酸マグネシウム、及び硝酸カルシウムが、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の菌糸が回るのに必要な日数と、発生率に与える影響を調べた。結果を表４６に示す。
【００９１】
【表４６】

【００９２】
表４６で明らかなように、人工培養基に、ニトロフミン酸の苦土石灰中和物及びメタケイ酸アルミン酸マグネシウムを同時に添加することにより、従来人工培養には必要とされていた腐植性基材を含まない培地でも、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の発生率は、向上した。しかし、菌回りに必要な日数は、遅延した。しかし、硝酸カルシウムを添加することにより、発生率を損なうことなく菌回り日数が大幅に改善できた。
【００９３】
実施例４２
参考例と同様にして、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の液体種菌を準備した。一方、鋸屑（杉材）１００ｇ、米糠１００ｇをよく混合し、これにニトロフミン酸の苦土石灰中和物〔パールフミン〕を０又は３０ｇ／瓶及びメタケイ酸アルミン酸マグネシウム〔ノイシリン〕を０又は３ｇ／瓶を添加し、更にくえん酸カルシウム〔（株）ナカライテスク製、試薬一級〕を０、３、５、又は１０ｇ／瓶添加し、水分含有率を６３％に調整した固形培養基を各区３２本準備した。これに上記の液体培養種菌を植菌し、培養基に見掛上菌糸が回るまで培養し、菌糸が回るのに必要な日数（菌回り日数）を測定した。その後、更に培養を続け熟成させた。計１００日間培養した後に、菌かきをして１０日間培養を続け、子実体原基を形成させた。原基が形成された培養基は、更に１２日間培養を続け、成熟子実体を得られた瓶数を測定し、腐植性基材を使用しない培地で、ニトロフミン酸の苦土石灰中和物、メタケイ酸アルミン酸マグネシウム、及びくえん酸カルシウムが、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の菌糸が回るのに必要な日数と、発生率に与える影響を調べた。結果を表４７に示す。
【００９４】
【表４７】

【００９５】
表４７で明らかなように、人工培養基に、ニトロフミン酸の苦土石灰中和物及びメタケイ酸アルミン酸マグネシウムを同時に添加することにより、従来人工培養には必要とされていた腐植性基材を含まない培地でも、ハタケシメジＫ−３３０４株の発生率は、向上した。しかし、菌回りに必要な日数は、遅延した。しかし、くえん酸カルシウムを添加することにより、発生率を損なうことなく菌回り日数が大幅に改善できた。
【００９６】
【発明の効果】
以上本発明によれば、菌株、腐植性基材の品質、腐植性基材の使用の有無を問わず、高品質のハタケシメジを、高収率で得ることが可能となった。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    The present invention relates to a method for artificially cultivating Hatake shimeji (scientific name: Lyophyllum decastes) that is useful as an edible mushroom.
[0002]
[Prior art]
  Hatake-shimeji is a mushroom that is widely found in people's houses, fields, and forests from summer to autumn, and its shape is very similar to that of hon-shimeji. The taste is very good and the meat quality is harder and more crisp than hon-shimeji mushroom, and it is preferred to be edible.
  In recent years, a fungus bed artificial cultivation method has been established that mainly uses a mixed medium of saw genus and rice bran in enokitake, oyster mushrooms, beech shimeji, sea cucumber, etc., and can stably harvest mushrooms regardless of the seasons throughout the year. It is like that.
  Hatake shimeji is also useful as an edible mushroom, and various cultivation methods have been studied.
However, it is said that Hatake shimeji is difficult to cultivate using general raw wood due to rot fungi. The Fukushima Prefectural Forestry Experiment Station is studying a bag cultivation method using a medium containing park compost as the main ingredient and adding rice bran and bran as a nutrient additive, and a natural cultivation method in which the medium is embedded outdoors. According to tests in bag cultivation using 10 kg of park compost and rice bran at a weight ratio of 1% of a medium with a water content of 65% at the time of charging, the generation period of Hatake shimeji fruit bodies is long and concentrated. When there is a difference between the test strains in terms of the total number of days since the inoculation, the period when the occurrence rate was the largest value is not observed, but it takes 180 to 240 days and a long time for cultivation. . Moreover, there are many occurrences of harmful bacteria during cultivation, and it has been reported that the cultivation method by this method is inefficient (Fukushima Prefectural Forestry Experiment Station Research Report No. 19).
  Then, next, examination of the natural cultivation method which embeds culture medium in the field has begun (Fukushima Prefectural Forestry Experiment Station Research Report No. 20).
  Further, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-169913, cultivation of Hatake Shimeji by bottle cultivation using a medium in which chicken dung, humus, ash, and straw are mixed at a weight ratio of 0.5 to 0.6 with respect to the sawdust 100, respectively. Although the method is described, the cultivation method is different from ordinary mushroom bottle cultivation, it is cultivated for about a week with the bottle mouth reversed after fungus mushroom and water injection treatment, and then the original state with the bottle mouth as soil The process of returning and cultivating is performed again, and compared with the normal mushroom bottle cultivation method, operation is complicated and workability | operativity is also bad.
  In general, mushrooms are strains belonging to the same species, but it is known that the growth rate of mycelia and the ability to form fruit bodies differ significantly depending on the location where they are collected. Based on the idea that the strain suitable for normal fungus bed artificial cultivation should be present in nature, the present inventors collected Hatake shimeji from various locations and conducted intensive studies. Even when cultivated in Japan, the inventors succeeded in screening a strain having the ability to form a good fruiting body easily and at a high yield (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-211308).
  Examples of screened strains suitable for normal artificial cultivation described in the publication include Hatake Shimeji K-3303 strain (FERM BP-4347), K-3304 strain (FERM BP-4348), and K-3305. There are strains (FERM BP-4349), and these strains can be cultivated as follows, for example.
(1) PGY liquid medium (composition: glucose 2.0%, peptone 0.2%, yeast extract 0.2%, KH₂PO_Four0.05% and MgSO_Four・ 7H₂O0.05%, pH 6.0) Inoculate 100 ml of Hatake shimeji mushrooms, and culture at 25 ° C. for 10 days to form liquid inoculum. (2) In a polypropylene wide-mouth culture bottle (850 ml), add 50 g of humus soil, 50 g of sawdust, 100 g of rice bran, add 350 g of water and mix well. And sterilized at 120 ° C. for 60 minutes to prepare a solid culture medium. (3) Inoculate 20 ml of each liquid inoculum of (1) above, and first culture in the dark at a temperature of 25 ° C. and a humidity of 55% until apparent hyphae turn around in the culture medium, and further 30 days Continue culturing for aging. Next, after removing the mycelium layer about 1 cm from the top of the culture medium by scrubbing the fungus, tap water is added to the bottle mouth and left to stand for 3 hours, then drained, with an illuminance of 20 lux, a temperature of 15 ° C. and a humidity of 90% Continue culturing until fruiting body primordia are formed under conditions. The culture medium in which the primordium is formed is then continuously cultured until a mature fruit body is obtained under the conditions of an illuminance of 500 lux, a temperature of 15 ° C., and a humidity of 90%, and the mature fruit body of Hatake Shimeji is harvested.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
  As mentioned above, Hatake shimeji is a humic fungus, and it is desirable to add humic base materials such as humus, bark compost, straw compost, waste oga compost, and compost as constituents of the medium. However, the quality of these components is not always constant, and even if the strains screened by the present inventors are used, depending on the materials used, the occurrence of hatake shimeji is not seen. It is necessary to confirm the conformity and nonconformity of use. For example, when a suitable strain for artificial cultivation is used, and even when the above-mentioned cultivation conditions are used, incompatibility with humus, almost no occurrence of Hatake-shimeji is observed, while when using suitable humus, mature fruit bodies The incidence is significantly improved.
[0004]
  In the present invention, the occurrence of Hatake-shimeji means to obtain a mature fruit body, and the incidence refers to the ratio of the bottle from which the mature fruit body was obtained among the bottles used for cultivation. It is expressed by Equation 1).
[0005]
[Expression 1]

[0006]
  In view of the present situation, an object of the present invention is to provide a material that improves the properties of a medium and improves the incidence of hatake shimeji during the artificial cultivation of hatake shimeji.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
  To summarize the present invention, the first invention of the present invention relates to an agent for improving the occurrence rate of a fruit body of Hatake shimeji, which is an alkaline earth metal compound containing no aluminum (except magnesium sulfate and calcium carbonate). ) As an essential component.
  The second invention of the present invention is, HaThe invention relates to a medium for artificial cultivation of bamboo shimeji mushroom, characterized in that it contains the occurrence rate improver of the first invention.
  First of the present invention3The invention of the present invention relates to a method for artificial cultivation of Hatake shimeji, and in the artificial cultivation of Hatake shimeji,Incidence improverIt is characterized by using.
  First of the present invention4The present invention relates to a method for improving the incidence of fruit bodies of Hatakeshimeji,Incidence improverIt is characterized by using.
  In addition, this departureClearlyExamples of materials used in combination with the essential components include, Ba-Miculite, Kanuma soil, Akadama soil, plant ash,as well asOne or more materials selected from the group consisting of compatible or incompatible humic substrates are included.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described.The present invention is an invention relating to an alkaline earth metal compound containing no aluminum (however, excluding magnesium sulfate and calcium carbonate) as an essential component. In order to explain the premise of the present invention, The book also mentions alkaline earth metal compounds containing aluminum.
  The artificial cultivation method of Hatake shimeji used in the present invention is, for example, a method used for cultivation of mushrooms such as enokitake, oyster mushroom, bunashimeji, bottle cultivation, bag cultivation, box cultivation, etc. When bottle cultivation is described as an example, the method usually comprises the steps of medium preparation, bottling, sterilization, inoculation, culture, fungi, sprouting, growth, and harvesting.
[0009]
  Medium preparation refers to a process in which various substrates used for artificial cultivation are weighed, stirred, hydrated to adjust water content. The artificial culture medium of Hatake shimeji used in the present invention is usually a medium substrate such as sawdust, chip dust, corn cob, etc., a nutrient source such as rice bran, bran, barley crushed material, humus, bark compost, straw compost, waste oga It is appropriate to prepare by adding an appropriate amount of water to a mixture of humic base materials such as compost and compost. The humic base material is preferably added in an amount of 5% or more of the weight of the medium, and the water content of the medium is 60 to 75%, preferably around 65%. Moreover, as sawdust, hardwood sawdust or coniferous sawdust may be used alone, or may be used in combination. The bottling refers to a process of clogging the prepared medium into a 800-1000 ml, preferably 850 ml polypropylene wide-mouthed bottle, 450-750 g, preferably 550 g, making a hole of about 1 cm in the center, and plugging. . Sterilization is a process of killing all microorganisms in the medium with steam, and is performed at 98 ° C. for 4 to 5 hours for normal pressure sterilization and 120 ° C. for 30 to 90 minutes for high pressure sterilization. Inoculation is a process of inoculating an inoculated medium in a cooled medium. As the inoculum, a cultivated Hatake shimeji strain in a PGY liquid medium at 25 ° C. for 10 to 15 days can be used, and about 20 ml per bottle is aseptic. To plant. In addition, the culture medium inoculated with the liquid inoculum obtained in the steps described so far can be cultured at 25 ° C. for 30 to 40 days. Plant aseptically about 15 g. Cultivation is a process of spreading the mycelium in an inoculated culture medium at a temperature of 20 to 25 ° C. and a humidity of 40 to 70% and further aging, and is performed for 40 to 120 days, preferably about 80 days. Fungi scraping is a step of scraping off the inoculum part and the culture medium surface to promote primordial formation. Immediately after scraping the fungus, water is poured into the bottle mouth and drained after 3 to 5 hours. Sprout is a step of forming a fruit body primordium, temperature 10 to 20 ° C., preferably around 15 ° C., humidity 80% or more, preferably around 85 to 95%, illuminance 500 lux or less, preferably 50 lux or less. When culturing is continued for 10 to 20 days, a primordial form of Hatake-shimeji is formed. Growth is a step of forming mature fruit bodies from fruit body primordia, and a temperature of 10 to 20 ° C., preferably around 15 ° C., a humidity of 80% or more, preferably around 85 to 95%, and an illuminance of 50 lux or more, preferably 20 When the culture is continued at ˜500 lux for 5 to 15 days, a mature fruit body of Hatake shimeji mushroom can be obtained, and harvesting is carried out to complete the entire cultivation process. Although the bottle cultivation method has been described in detail above, the artificial cultivation used in the present invention is not limited to bottle cultivation.
[0010]
  In this artificial cultivation, Hatake Shimeji K-3304 strain (FERM BP-4348) is used as an example of Hatake shimeji suitable for the above-mentioned artificial cultivation, and even when bottle cultivation is performed, the cultivation is greatly dependent on the quality of the humic substrate used. Affected. For example, when a suitable humus or bark compost is used as the humic substrate, the K-3304 strain shows a good occurrence, but no occurrence is observed when an incompatible humus or bark compost is used.
  It is also possible to use humic acid or nitrohumic acid as a kind of humic base material, but these are also compatible and incompatible, and if incompatible humic acid or nitrohumic acid is used, Hatake Shimeji Occurrence of is not recognized. When these incompatible humic base materials are used, the differentiation stops before the formation of the fruiting body primordium, and the differentiation from the fruiting body primordia to the mature fruiting body, ie, no growth is observed.
[0011]
  Even when such an incompatible humic substrate is used, if the substance of the present invention is used, Hatake-shimeji shows good development and differentiation into mature fruiting bodies proceeds. In addition, when a suitable humic substrate is used, if the substance of the present invention is used, the substance of the present invention further exhibits an increase in yield. For example, Kotohira humus or nitrohumic acid (trade name pearl humin) manufactured by Kotohira Co., Ltd. as a compatible humus substrate, commercially available humus (humus A) or commercially available nitrohumin as an incompatible humus substrate Using acid (nitrohumic acid B), as the substance of the present invention, magnesium metasilicate aluminate (trade name Neusilin, manufactured by Fuji Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) 5 g / bottle is used. In the process of (3), in the case of nitrohumic acid, when the culture medium material is 30 g of nitrohumic acid, 100 g of sawdust, and 100 g of rice bran, Hatake Shimeji K-3304 strain is cultivated according to the processes of (1) to (3) above. Table 1 shows an example.
[0012]
[Table 1]

[0013]
  Furthermore, by using the substance of the present invention, it is possible to cultivate Hatake shimeji without using a humic base material that has been conventionally required for cultivation of Hatake shimeji. For example, 100 g of sawdust and 100 g of rice bran are used as a medium that does not contain a humic substrate, and magnesium aluminate metasilicate [neucillin] 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, or 20 g as the substance of the present invention. Table 2 shows an example of cultivating Hatake shimeji K-3304 strain using / bottle according to the steps (1) to (3) described above.
[0014]
[Table 2]

[0015]
  As described above, by using the substance of the present invention, it is possible to cultivate Hatake shimeji without using a humic substrate, but under such conditions, a larger amount than that when using a humic substrate is used. Substances are needed. Therefore, the present inventors have further studied and found that, by using the combination of the substances of the present invention, it is possible to cultivate Hatake shimeji without using a humic substrate and adding a small amount of the substance. It was. For example, 100 g of sawdust and 100 g of rice bran are used as the culture medium, and 2 g / bottle of magnesium aluminate metasilicate [Neusilin] and 3 g / bottle of calcium carbonate (made by Nacalai Tesque Co., Ltd.) as the substances of the present invention. Table 3 shows an example in which Hatake shimeji K-3304 strain is cultivated according to the steps (1) to (3) described above.
[0016]
[Table 3]

[0017]
  Furthermore, by using the substance of the present invention, it is possible to artificially cultivate Hatakeshimeji strain, which has heretofore been unsuitable for artificial cultivation.
  Hatakeshimeji strain IFO30161 described in the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 4-211308, even when the above-mentioned compatible humic substrate is used, the occurrence of mature fruit bodies is observed only with a very low probability, and the incidence is extremely high. Although it is low, when the substance of the present invention, for example, the above-mentioned magnesium metasilicate aluminate 5 g / bottle is used for the culture medium, there is a significant improvement in the incidence as shown in Table 4. The average yield also shows a significant increase.
[0018]
[Table 4]

[0019]
  Next, an example of adding the material of the present invention to the main base material will be described..
  Alkaline earth metal compoundsUseCase,The mixing ratio with the main base material varies greatly depending on the form and addition method. For example, in the case of magnesium oxide, preferably 0.3 to 10.0: 100, and most preferably 0.3 to 3.0: 100. Good. In the case of calcium nitrate, it is preferably 0.3 to 20.0: 100, and most preferably 0.3 to 15.0: 100. In the present invention, the alkaline earth metal refers to an alkaline earth metal in a broad sense and includes beryllium and magnesium. Moreover, the form does not necessarily need to be a pure product, and may be a natural material such as bituminous lime or bone powder, or a semi-natural material such as superphosphate lime. The compatible humic acid and nitrohumic acid are both alkaline earth metal containing substances such as lime or limestone lime..
[0020]
  However, theseEachThe addition amount of the compound and the natural product is not particularly limited by the above numerical values. Also,Alkaline earth metal compoundsIsAlthough you may use independently, you may mix and use 2 or more types. The compound used in the present invention may be an anhydride or a hydrate. Moreover, you may contain an unavoidable impurity.
[0021]
  As explained in detail aboveALucari earth metal compoundThingIt acts on the stage before the formation of the fruit body primordia of Hatake shimeji to the mature fruit body, leading to the occurrence of the mature fruit body of Hatake shimeji, and its incidence is significantly improved. Furthermore, an effect of increasing the yield is recognized, and industrial artificial cultivation of Hatake-shimeji is facilitated even if a culture substrate or strain which has been conventionally unsuitable for artificial cultivation of Hatake-shimeji is used.
[0022]
【Example】
  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the scope of the following examples..
[0023]
Reference example
  PGY liquid medium (composition: glucose 2.0%, peptone 0.2%, yeast extract 0.2%, KH₂ PO_Four 0.05% and MgSO_Four・ 7H₂ Hatake shimeji K-3304 strain (FERM BP-4348) was inoculated into 100 ml of O 0.05%, pH 6.0) and cultured at 25 ° C. for 10 days to obtain a liquid inoculum. On the other hand, Kotohira humus or nitrohumic acid (trade name pearl humin) made by Kotohira Co., Ltd. as a compatible humus base, commercially available humus (humus A) or commercially available nitrohumin as an incompatible humus base Acid (nitrohumic acid B) is prepared. In the case of humus, humus (humus A) 50g, sawdust (cedar wood) 50g, rice bran 100g. In the case of nitrohumic acid, nitrohumic acid 30g, sawdust (cedar wood) 100 g and 100 g of rice bran were mixed well, and magnesium aluminate metasilicate [manufactured by Fuji Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., trade name Inosillin] was added to 0 or 5 g / bottle to adjust the water content to 63%. The product is packed in a polypropylene wide-mouth culture bottle (850 ml), a hole with a diameter of about 1 cm is made in the center, and after sterilization, pasteurization is performed at 120 ° C for 60 minutes. Those left to cool, and a solid culture medium was prepared 32 each plot. About 20 ml of the above liquid culture inoculum is inoculated per bottle, and is first cultured in a dark place at a temperature of 25 ° C. and a humidity of 55% for 35 days until the apparent hyphae turn around in the culture medium, and for another 30 days. The culture was continued and aged. Next, after removing the mycelium layer about 1 cm from the top of the culture medium by scrubbing the fungus, tap water is added to the bottle mouth and left to stand for 3 hours, and then drained. Culture was continued for 11 days under conditions to form fruiting body primordia. The culture medium in which the primordial was formed was then cultured for 12 days under the conditions of 500 illuminance, temperature 15 ° C., and humidity 90%, and the number of mature fruit bodies obtained and the fruit body yield per bottle were measured. Then, the effect of magnesium aluminate metasilicate on the incidence and yield of Hatake shimeji K-3304 strain when using a compatible or non-compatible humic substrate was examined. The results were as shown in Table 1 above.
  As is apparent from Table 1, by adding magnesium aluminate metasilicate to the artificial culture medium, the incidence of Hatake-Shimeji K-3304 strain is dramatically higher when using a non-conforming humus substrate compared to the control without addition. As a result, the average yield was also significantly improved. In addition, when the compatible humus base material was used, the generation rate did not change as compared to the control without addition, but the average yield was significantly increased.
[0024]
Example 20
  Reference exampleIn the same manner as above, a liquid inoculum of Hatakeshimeji K-3304 strain was prepared. On the other hand, commercially available humus (humus A), sawdust (cedar wood) 50 g, and rice bran 100 g were mixed well into a polypropylene wide-mouth culture bottle (850 ml) as an incompatible humus substrate, and magnesium oxide [(stock ) Nacalai Tesque, reagent grade 1], calcium oxide (Nacalai Tesque, reagent grade), barium oxide (Nacalai Tesque, reagent grade), or strontium oxide (Nacalai Tesque grade, reagent grade) ], 0, 0.3, 0.6, 1, 3, 5, 7, or 10 g, respectively, to adjust the water content to 63%.Reference exampleIn the same manner, 32 were prepared for each ward. Inoculate the liquid culture inoculum above,Reference exampleIn the same manner as above, artificial cultivation of Hatake shimeji mushrooms, the number of bottles from which mature fruit bodies were obtained were measured, and magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, barium oxide, or strontium oxide was used when using a non-compatible humus substrate. The effect on the incidence of sarcoidosis was investigated. The results are shown in Table 20.
[0025]
[Table 20]

[0026]
  As is apparent from Table 20, the addition rate of magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, barium oxide, or strontium oxide to the artificial culture medium using the incompatible humic base material makes the occurrence rate of Hatake Shimeji K-3304 strain non-added Compared to the control of, it increased dramatically.
[0027]
Example 21
  Reference exampleIn the same manner as above, a liquid inoculum of Hatakeshimeji K-3304 strain was prepared. On the other hand, as a non-compatible humus base material, polypropylene jar (850 ml), commercially available humus (humus A), sawdust (cedar wood) 50 g, and rice bran 100 g were mixed well, and calcium hydroxide [( Nacalai Tesque Co., Ltd., reagent grade], magnesium hydroxide (Nacalai Tesque Co., Ltd., for chemical use), barium hydroxide [Nacalai Tesque Co., Ltd., reagent grade octahydrate], strontium hydroxide [Co. 0), 0.3, 0.6, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15 respectively)) manufactured by Nacalai Tesque, reagent grade octahydrate], or beryllium hydroxide (manufactured by Mitsuwa Chemical Co., Ltd.). Or 20 g of solid culture medium with water content adjusted to 63%Reference exampleIn the same manner, 32 were prepared for each ward. Inoculate the liquid culture inoculum above,Reference exampleMeasure the number of bottles from which mature fruit bodies were obtained by performing artificial cultivation of Hatake-shimeji mushroom in the same manner as in Calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, strontium hydroxide, or hydroxide The effect of beryllium on the incidence of Hatakeshimeji K-3304 strain was examined. The results are shown in Table 21.
[0028]
[Table 21]

[0029]
  As shown in Table 21, by adding calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, strontium hydroxide, or beryllium hydroxide to an artificial culture medium using an incompatible humic substrate, Hatake Shimeji K-3304 The incidence of strains increased dramatically compared to the control without addition.
[0030]
Example 22
  Reference exampleIn the same manner as above, a liquid inoculum of Hatakeshimeji K-3304 strain was prepared. On the other hand, commercially available humus (humus A), sawdust (cedar wood) 50 g, and rice bran 100 g were mixed well in a wide-mouth culture bottle made of polypropylene (850 ml) as an incompatible humus base material. ) Nacalai Tesque, reagent grade], magnesium carbonate [Nacalai Tesque, chemical use], barium carbonate [Nacalai Tesque, reagent grade], or strontium carbonate [Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.] Added 0, 0.3, 0.6, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, or 20 g of the solid culture medium adjusted to a moisture content of 63%.Reference exampleIn the same manner, 32 were prepared for each ward. Inoculate the liquid culture inoculum above,Reference exampleIn the same manner as above, artificial cultivation of Hatake shimeji mushrooms, the number of bottles from which mature fruit bodies were obtained were measured, and when using an incompatible humic substrate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, barium carbonate, or strontium carbonate was used as Hatake shimeji K-3304 strain The effect on the incidence of sarcoidosis was investigated. The results are shown in Table 22.
[0031]
[Table 22]

[0032]
  As is apparent from Table 22, by adding calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, barium carbonate, or strontium carbonate to an artificial culture medium using an incompatible humic substrate, the incidence of Hatake shimeji K-3304 strain was not added. Compared to the control of, it increased dramatically.
[0033]
Example 23
  Reference exampleIn the same manner as above, a liquid inoculum of Hatakeshimeji K-3304 strain was prepared. On the other hand, commercially available humus (humus A), sawdust (cedar wood) 50 g, and rice bran 100 g were mixed well as a non-compatible humus base material in a polypropylene wide mouth culture bottle (850 ml). 0), 0.3, 0.6, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, or 20 g of Kishida Chemical] or magnesium stearate (manufactured by Tamnan Chemical Co., Ltd.), respectively. Solid culture medium adjusted to 63%Reference exampleIn the same manner, 32 were prepared for each ward. Inoculate the liquid culture inoculum above,Reference exampleThe effect of calcium stearate or magnesium stearate on the incidence of Hatake shimeji K-3304 strain is measured when the number of bottles from which mature fruit bodies are obtained is measured by performing artificial cultivation of Hatake shimeji in the same manner as above. I investigated. The results are shown in Table 23.
[0034]
[Table 23]

[0035]
  As is apparent from Table 23, the addition rate of calcium stearate or magnesium stearate to the artificial culture medium using the incompatible humic substrate increased the incidence of Hatake shimeji K-3304 strain compared to the control without addition. Increased.
[0036]
Example 24
  Reference exampleIn the same manner as above, a liquid inoculum of Hatakeshimeji K-3304 strain was prepared. On the other hand, commercially available humus (humus A), sawdust (cedar wood) 50 g, and rice bran 100 g were mixed well into a polypropylene wide-mouth culture bottle (850 ml) as a non-conforming humus base material. 0), 0.3, 0.6, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, or 20 g in an aqueous solution to make the water content 63% Adjusted solid culture mediumReference exampleIn the same manner, 32 were prepared for each ward. Inoculate the liquid culture inoculum above,Reference exampleIn the same manner as above, Hatake shimeji was artificially cultivated, the number of bottles from which mature fruit bodies were obtained was measured, and the influence of calcium nitrate on the incidence of Hatake shimeji K-3304 strain was examined when using an incompatible humic substrate. The results are shown in Table 24.
[0037]
[Table 24]

[0038]
  As is apparent from Table 24, the addition rate of calcium nitrate to the artificial culture medium using the incompatible humic substrate significantly increased the incidence of Hatake shimeji K-3304 strain compared to the control without addition. .
[0039]
Example 25
  Reference exampleIn the same manner as above, a liquid inoculum of Hatakeshimeji K-3304 strain was prepared. On the other hand, commercially available humus (humus A), sawdust (cedar wood) 50 g, and rice bran 100 g were mixed well into a polypropylene wide-mouth culture bottle (850 ml) as an incompatible humus base material. A solid culture medium prepared by adding 0, 0.3, 0.6, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, or 20 g) and adjusting the water content to 63%.Reference exampleIn the same manner, 32 were prepared for each ward. Inoculate the above liquid culture inoculumReference exampleIn the same manner as above, Hatake shimeji was artificially cultivated, the number of bottles from which mature fruit bodies were obtained was measured, and the influence of beryllium sulfate on the incidence of Hatake shimeji K-3304 strain was examined when using an incompatible humic substrate. The results are shown in Table 25.
[0040]
[Table 25]

[0041]
  As is apparent from Table 25, the addition rate of beryllium sulfate to the artificial culture medium using the incompatible humic base material dramatically increased the incidence of Hatakeshimeji K-3304 strain compared to the control without addition. .
[0042]
Example 26
  Reference exampleIn the same manner as above, a liquid inoculum of Hatakeshimeji K-3304 strain was prepared. On the other hand, commercially available humus (humus A), sawdust (cedar wood) 50 g, and rice bran 100 g were mixed well in a polypropylene wide-mouth culture bottle (850 ml) as an incompatible humus base material. 0), 0.3, 0.6, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15 respectively)) manufactured by Nacalai Tesque, reagent grade 1 tetrahydrate], or barium acetate (produced by Nacalai Tesque, Inc., grade 1 reagent). Or 20 g of solid culture medium with water content adjusted to 63%Reference exampleIn the same manner, 32 were prepared for each ward. Inoculate the liquid culture inoculum above,Reference exampleIn the same manner as above, artificial cultivation of Hatake shimeji mushrooms was performed, the number of bottles from which mature fruit bodies were obtained was measured, and the influence of magnesium acetate or barium acetate on the incidence of Hatake shimeji K-3304 strain when using an incompatible humic substrate. Examined. The results are shown in Table 26.
[0043]
[Table 26]

[0044]
  As is apparent from Table 26, the addition rate of magnesium acetate or barium acetate to the artificial culture medium using the incompatible humic base material greatly increased the incidence of Hatake-Shimeji K-3304 strain compared to the control without addition. Increased.
[0045]
Example 27
  Reference exampleIn the same manner as above, a liquid inoculum of Hatakeshimeji K-3304 strain was prepared. On the other hand, commercially available humus (humus A), sawdust (cedar wood) 50 g, and rice bran 100 g were mixed well into a polypropylene wide-mouth culture bottle (850 ml) as an incompatible humus base material. 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, or 30 g of Nacalai Tesque, reagent grade 1] or barium formate (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd., grade 1), respectively, and a water content of 63 % Solid culture medium adjusted toReference exampleIn the same manner, 32 were prepared for each ward. Inoculate the liquid culture inoculum above,Reference exampleThe effect of calcium lactate or barium formate on the incidence of Hatake shimeji K-3304 is measured when the number of bottles from which mature fruit bodies have been obtained is measured by performing artificial cultivation of Hatake shimeji in the same manner as above. I investigated. The results are shown in Table 27.
[0046]
[Table 27]

[0047]
  As is apparent from Table 27, the addition rate of calcium lactate or barium formate to the artificial culture medium using the incompatible humic substrate increased the incidence of Hatake shimeji K-3304 strain compared to the control without addition. Increased.
[0048]
Example 28
  Reference exampleIn the same manner as above, a liquid inoculum of Hatakeshimeji K-3304 strain was prepared. On the other hand, in a polypropylene wide mouth culture bottle (850 ml), commercially available humus (humus A), sawdust (cedar wood) 50 g, and rice bran 100 g were mixed well as an incompatible humus base material, and calcium citrate [( 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, or 30 g of magnesium citrate (manufactured by Nacalai Tesque, Inc., reagent grade 1), respectively, and water content. Solid culture medium adjusted to 63%Reference exampleIn the same manner, 32 were prepared for each ward. Inoculate the liquid culture inoculum above,Reference exampleIn the same manner as above, artificial cultivation of Hatake-shimeji is performed, the number of bottles from which mature fruit bodies are obtained is measured, and calcium citrate or magnesium citrate is given to the incidence of Hatake-shimeji K-3304 strain when an incompatible humic substrate is used. The effect was investigated. The results are shown in Table 28.
[0049]
[Table 28]

[0050]
  As is apparent from Table 28, by adding calcium citrate or magnesium citrate to an artificial culture medium using an incompatible humic substrate, the incidence of Hatake shimeji K-3304 strain was compared with the control without addition, Increased dramatically.
[0051]
Example 29
  Reference exampleIn the same manner as above, a liquid inoculum of Hatakeshimeji K-3304 strain was prepared. On the other hand, in a polypropylene wide mouth culture bottle (850 ml), commercially available humus (humus A), sawdust (cedar wood) 50 g, and rice bran 100 g were mixed well as an incompatible humus substrate, and calcium gluconate [( 0, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, 30, or 40 g of Nacalai Tesque Co., Ltd., reagent grade] or magnesium gluconate (Tomita Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) was added to bring the water content to 63%. Adjusted solid culture mediumReference exampleIn the same manner, 32 were prepared for each ward. Inoculate the liquid culture inoculum above,Reference exampleMeasure the number of bottles from which mature fruit bodies were obtained by performing artificial cultivation of Hatake shimeji in the same manner as above, and when using an incompatible humic substrate, calcium gluconate or magnesium gluconate gives the incidence of Hatake shimeji K-3304 strain The effect was investigated. The results are shown in Table 29.
[0052]
[Table 29]

[0053]
  As is apparent from Table 29, by adding calcium gluconate or magnesium gluconate to an artificial culture medium using an incompatible humic substrate, the incidence of Hatake-Shimeji K-3304 strain was compared to the control without addition, Increased dramatically.
[0054]
Example 30
  Reference exampleIn the same manner as above, a liquid inoculum of Hatakeshimeji K-3304 strain was prepared. On the other hand, polypropylene wide-mouth culture bottle (850 ml) was mixed well with commercially available humus (humus A), sawdust (cedar wood) 50 g, and rice bran 100 g as incompatible humic base materials. Lime neutralized precipitate [made by Kita Kyokusei Co., Ltd., trade name Pearl Humin, guaranteed component: alkali content (effective lime) 35%, soluble soluble clay 6%] or humus phosphorus [made by Nippon Heavy Chemical Industries, Ltd., guaranteed Ingredients: 8% soluble soluble clay, 17% soluble lime], 0, 1, 5, 10, 30, 50, or 100 g added to adjust the water content to 63% solid culture mediumReference exampleIn the same manner, 32 were prepared for each ward. Inoculate the liquid culture inoculum above,Reference exampleIn the same manner as above, artificial cultivation of Hatake shimeji mushrooms was performed, the number of bottles from which mature fruit bodies were obtained was measured, and when using an incompatible humic base material, neutralized lime humic acid lime or humus phosphorus was Hatake Shimeji K-3304 strain The effect on the incidence of sarcoidosis was investigated. The results are shown in Table 30.
[0055]
[Table 30]

[0056]
  As is apparent from Table 30, the addition rate of the nitrohumic acid bitter lime neutralized product or humus phosphorus to the artificial culture medium using the incompatible humic base material, the incidence of Hatake shimeji K-3304 strain was not added. Compared to the control of, it increased dramatically.
[0057]
Example 31
  Reference exampleIn the same manner as above, a liquid inoculum of Hatakeshimeji K-3304 strain was prepared. On the other hand, commercially available humus (humus A), sawdust (cedar wood) 50 g, and rice bran 100 g were mixed well into a polypropylene wide-mouth culture bottle (850 ml) as an incompatible humus base material. Blossoms, steamed bone meal], bitter lime [manufactured by Shimizu Kogyo Co., Ltd., 15 carbonic acid dough lime, guarantee component: alkali content (effective lime) 53%, bitter clay 5%], superphosphate [(stock ) Manufactured by Taki Chemical Co., Ltd.], or lime nitrogen [manufactured by Nippon Carbide Industries, Ltd., trade name Kuni-marked lime nitrogen 50, guarantee component: alkali content (effective lime) 55%], 0, 1, 5, 10, 15 respectively. , 20, 30, or 40 g of solid culture medium adjusted to a moisture content of 63%Reference exampleIn the same manner, 32 were prepared for each ward. Inoculate the liquid culture inoculum above,Reference exampleMeasure the number of bottles from which mature fruit bodies were obtained by performing artificial cultivation of Hatake shimeji mushroom, and bone meal, carbonated clay lime, superphosphate lime, or lime nitrogen is Hatake Shimeji K. The influence on the incidence of the -3304 strain was examined. The results are shown in Table 31.
[0058]
[Table 31]

[0059]
  As is apparent from Table 31, by adding bone meal, carbonated clay lime, superphosphate lime, or lime nitrogen to an artificial culture medium using an incompatible humic substrate, the incidence of Hatake Shimeji K-3304 strain is increased. Compared to the additive-free control, it increased dramatically.
[0060]
Example 32
  Reference exampleIn the same manner as above, a liquid inoculum of Hatakeshimeji K-3304 strain was prepared. On the other hand, commercially available humus (humus A), 50 g of sawdust (cedar wood) and 100 g of rice bran are mixed well in a wide-mouth culture bottle made of polypropylene (850 ml) as an incompatible humus base material. ) Made by Ueda Lime Manufacturing Co., Ltd., trade name: Maruinen Calcium Carbonate, Guarantee Component: Alkaline (Effective Lime) 53%], Hydroxylated Bitter [Made by Naikai Shigyo Co., Ltd., Guarantee Component: Soluble Batter 50%] Or 0, 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, or 40 g of oyster by-product lime (Murata Calcium Co., Ltd., trade name: organic lime calace, analysis example: calcium carbonate 86%), respectively Solid culture medium with water content adjusted to 63%Reference exampleIn the same manner, 32 were prepared for each ward. Inoculate the liquid culture inoculum above,Reference exampleIn the same manner as above, Hatake shimeji is artificially cultivated, and the number of bottles from which mature fruit bodies are obtained is measured. The effect on the incidence of stocks was investigated. The results are shown in Table 32.
[0061]
[Table 32]

[0062]
  As is apparent from Table 32, the addition rate of calcium carbonate, hydroxylated bitter earth, or oyster by-product lime to the artificial culture medium using the incompatible humic base material can reduce the incidence of Hatake-Shimeji K-3304 strain. Compared to the addition control, it increased dramatically.
[0063]
Example 33
  Reference exampleIn the same manner as above, a liquid inoculum of Hatakeshimeji K-3304 strain was prepared. On the other hand, as a non-conforming humus substrate, polypropylene jar (850 ml) was mixed well with commercially available humus (humus A), sawdust (cedar wood) 50 g, and rice bran 100 g. Co., Ltd., Ueda Lime Manufacturing Co., Ltd., guarantee component: alkali content (effective lime) 100%, soluble bitter 30%] or slaked lime [made by Naikai Shigyo Co., Ltd., guarantee component: alkali content (effective lime) 65%], respectively 0, 1, 5, 10, 15, or 20 g added to adjust the water content to 63%Reference exampleIn the same manner, 32 were prepared for each ward. Inoculate the liquid culture inoculum above,Reference exampleIn the same way as above, artificial cultivation of Hatake-shimeji is performed, the number of bottles from which mature fruit bodies are obtained is measured, and when using an incompatible humic base material, the influence of bitter lime or slaked lime on the incidence of Hatake-shimeji K-3304 strain Examined. The results are shown in Table 33.
[0064]
[Table 33]

[0065]
  As is apparent from Table 33, the incidence of Hatake-Shimeji K-3304 strain is dramatically higher than that of the additive-free control by adding quick-lime lime or slaked lime to the artificial culture medium using the incompatible humic substrate. Increased.
[0066]
Example 34
  Reference exampleIn the same manner as above, a liquid inoculum of Hatakeshimeji K-3304 strain was prepared. On the other hand, as a non-compatible humus substrate, polypropylene jars (850 ml) were mixed well with commercially available humus (humus A), sawdust (cedar wood) 50 g, and rice bran 100 g. Analysis example: total amount of lime 11.7%], converter kiln (manufactured by Nippon Kodo Sangyo Co., Ltd., analysis example: soluble lime 35-45%, soluble bitter soil 3%), molten phosphorus [import source Matsushita Electric Co., Ltd. Industry, trade name 200 molten phosphorus fertilizer, guarantee ingredient: alkali content (active lime) 50%, soluble soluble clay 12.0%], or Linster [Mitsubishi Kasei Co., Ltd., trade name Linster, guarantee ingredient : Solid soluble medium with 8% each of 0,1,5,10,15,20,30, or 40g and adjusting the water content to 63%.Reference exampleIn the same manner, 32 were prepared for each ward. Inoculate the liquid culture inoculum above,Reference exampleHatake shimeji artificially cultivated, and the number of bottles from which mature fruit bodies were obtained was measured. When using an incompatible humic substrate, plant ash, converter slag, molten phosphorus, or rinster was Hatake shimeji K-3304 strain. The effect on the incidence of sarcoidosis was investigated. The results are shown in Table 34.
[0067]
[Table 34]

[0068]
  As is apparent from Table 34, the addition rate of plant ash, converter lees, molten phosphorus, or rinster to the artificial culture medium using the incompatible humic base material increased the incidence of Hatake shimeji K-3304 strain to no addition. Compared to the control, it increased dramatically.
[0069]
Example 35
  Reference exampleIn the same manner as above, a liquid inoculum of Hatakeshimeji K-3304 strain was prepared. On the other hand, commercially available humus (humus A), 50 g of sawdust (cedar wood), and 100 g of rice bran are mixed well in a wide-mouth culture bottle made of polypropylene (850 ml) as an incompatible humus base material, and MgO, Al₂O_Three , SiO₂ Is represented by the following formula (Formula 1):
[0070]
[Chemical 1]

[0071]
About the compound contained by the weight ratio represented by 0, 0.3, 0.6, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, or 20g of the combination of Tables 35-36, respectively, and water content Solid culture medium with the rate adjusted to 63%Reference exampleIn the same manner, 32 were prepared for each ward. Inoculate the liquid culture inoculum above,Reference exampleIn the same manner as above, artificial cultivation of Hatake-shimeji mushrooms was carried out, and the number of bottles from which mature fruit bodies were obtained was measured. When an incompatible humic substrate was used, the compound represented by the formula (Formula 1) was generated as Hatake-shimeji K-3304 strain The effect on the rate was investigated. The results are shown in Tables 37-39.
[0072]
[Table 35]

[0073]
[Table 36]

[0074]
[Table 37]

[0075]
[Table 38]

[0076]
[Table 39]

[0077]
  As is apparent from Tables 37 to 39, by adding a compound containing a weight ratio represented by the formula (Formula 1) to an artificial culture medium using an incompatible humic substrate, generation of Hatake shimeji K-3304 strain The rate increased dramatically compared to the additive-free control.
[0078]
Example 36
  Reference exampleIn the same manner as above, a liquid inoculum of Hatakeshimeji K-3304 strain was prepared. On the other hand, commercially available humus (humus A), sawdust (cedar wood) 50 g, and rice bran 100 g are mixed well with polypropylene wide-mouth culture bottles (850 ml) as incompatible humic base materials, and CaO, Al₂O_Three , SiO₂ Is represented by the following formula (Formula 2):
[0079]
[Chemical 2]

[0080]
For the compounds contained in the weight ratio represented by 0, 0.3, 0.6, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, or 20 g of the combinations in Table 40, respectively, were added to determine the moisture content. Solid culture medium adjusted to 63%Reference exampleIn the same manner, 32 were prepared for each ward. Inoculate the above liquid culture inoculumReference exampleIn the same manner as above, artificial cultivation of Hatake shimeji mushrooms was carried out, and the number of bottles from which mature fruit bodies were obtained was measured. When using an incompatible humic substrate, the compound represented by the formula (Chemical Formula 2) was generated as Hatake shimeji K-3304 The effect on the rate was investigated. The results are shown in Table 41.
[0081]
[Table 40]

[0082]
[Table 41]

[0083]
  As is apparent from Table 41, by adding a compound containing a weight ratio represented by the formula (Chemical Formula 2) to an artificial culture medium using an incompatible humic substrate, the incidence of Hatake shimeji K-3304 strain is increased. Compared with the additive-free control, it increased dramatically.
[0084]
Example 38
  Reference exampleIn the same manner as above, a liquid inoculum of Hatakeshimeji K-3304 strain was prepared. On the other hand, 100 g of sawdust (cedar wood) and 100 g of rice bran are mixed well, and 0 or 10 g / bottle of nitrohumic acid neutralized lime lime [pearl humin] and 0 or 3 g of magnesium aluminate metasilicate [neucillin] / 32 bottles of each culture medium were prepared with water content adjusted to 63%. This was inoculated with the above liquid culture inoculum and cultured until the apparent hyphae turned around in the culture medium, and then further cultured and matured. After culturing for a total of 100 days, the fungus was scraped and the culture was continued for 10 days to form fruit body primordia. The culture medium in which the primordium was formed was further cultured for 12 days, and the number of bottles from which mature fruit bodies were obtained was measured. The effect of magnesium aluminate on the incidence of Hatake shimeji K-3304 strain was examined. The results are shown in Table 43.
[0085]
[Table 43]

[0086]
  As clearly shown in Table 43, the humic base material conventionally required for artificial culture is included by simultaneously adding to the artificial culture medium a neutralized limestone of nitrohumic acid and magnesium aluminate metasilicate. Even in the absence of culture medium, the incidence of Hatake-Shimeji K-3304 strain was dramatically improved compared to the control without addition, and the amount of nitrohumic acid neutralized lime and magnesium aluminate metasilicate required at that time were respectively Was less than that used alone.
[0087]
Example 39
  Reference exampleIn the same manner as above, a liquid inoculum of Hatakeshimeji K-3304 strain was prepared. On the other hand, 100 g of sawdust (cedar wood) and 100 g of rice bran were mixed well, and 0 or 10 g / bottle of nitrohumic acid neutralized lime (pearl humin) was added thereto. In addition, CaO, Al₂O_Three , SiO₂ About (CaO) 1 (Al₂ O_Three )_Three(SiO₂)_Three Compound (hereinafter abbreviated as Compound A) or MgO, Al contained in a weight ratio represented by [Kyowa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. prototype]₂O_Three , SiO₂ About (MgO)₁ (Al₂ O_Three)_Three (SiO₂ )_Three A solid culture medium in which 0 or 3 g / bottle of a compound (hereinafter referred to as Compound B) contained in a weight ratio represented by [Kyowa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.] was added and the water content was adjusted to 63% was added to each section. 32 were prepared. This was inoculated with the above liquid culture inoculum and cultured until the apparent hyphae turned around in the culture medium, and then further cultured and matured. After culturing for a total of 100 days, the fungus was scraped and the culture was continued for 10 days to form fruit body primordia. The culture medium in which the primordium was formed was further cultured for 12 days, the number of bottles from which mature fruit bodies were obtained was measured, and a nitrohumic acid neutralized product of nitrohumic acid and compounds in a medium not using a humic substrate The effect of A or Compound B on the incidence of Hatake Shimeji K-3304 strain was examined. The results are shown in Table 44.
[0088]
[Table 44]

[0089]
  As is apparent from Table 44, a humic substrate that has been conventionally required for artificial culture can be obtained by adding Compound A or Compound B to an artificial culture medium to which a nitrohumic acid bitter lime neutralized product is added. Even without the medium, the incidence of Hatake-Shimeji K-3304 strain is dramatically improved compared to the control without addition, and the amount of nitrohumic acid neutralized lime and the amount of compound A or compound B required at that time Was less than each used alone.
[0090]
Example 41
  Reference exampleIn the same manner as above, a liquid inoculum of Hatakeshimeji K-3304 strain was prepared. On the other hand, 100 g of sawdust (cedar wood) and 100 g of rice bran were mixed well, and 0 or 30 g / bottle of nitrohumic acid, a lime neutralized product of lime (pearl humin) and 0 or 3 g / mg of magnesium aluminate metasilicate (neucillin). Add a bottle, and further add calcium nitrate (manufactured by Nacalai Tesque Co., Ltd., reagent grade) 0, 3, 5, or 10 g / bottle in an aqueous solution to adjust the water content to 63%. I prepared a book. The above-mentioned liquid culture inoculum was inoculated thereto, cultured until the apparent mycelium turned around in the culture medium, and the number of days (the number of days around the fungus) necessary for the hyphae to turn was measured. Thereafter, the culture was further continued and aged. After culturing for a total of 100 days, the fungus was scraped and the culture was continued for 10 days to form fruit body primordia. The culture medium in which the primordium was formed was further cultured for 12 days, and the number of bottles from which the mature fruit bodies were obtained was measured. The effects of magnesium aluminate and calcium nitrate on the number of days required for the rotation of the mycelium of Hatake Shimeji K-3304 and the incidence were examined. The results are shown in Table 46.
[0091]
[Table 46]

[0092]
  As clearly shown in Table 46, the humic base material conventionally required for artificial culture is included by simultaneously adding to the artificial culture medium the neutralized lime of nitrohumic acid and magnesium aluminate metasilicate. The incidence of Hatake-Shimeji K-3304 strain was improved even without the medium. However, the number of days required around the bacteria was delayed. However, by adding calcium nitrate, the number of days around bacteria could be greatly improved without impairing the incidence.
[0093]
Example 42
  Reference exampleIn the same manner as above, a liquid inoculum of Hatakeshimeji K-3304 strain was prepared. On the other hand, 100 g of sawdust (cedar wood) and 100 g of rice bran are mixed well, and 0 or 30 g / bottle of nitrohumic acid-based clay lime neutralized product [pearl humin] and 0 or 3 g / magnesium metasilicate aluminate [neucillin] Add a bottle, and add 0, 3, 5, or 10 g / bottle of calcium citrate (manufactured by Nacalai Tesque Co., Ltd., grade 1) / bottle, and prepare 32 solid culture media each adjusted to a moisture content of 63% did. The above-mentioned liquid culture inoculum was inoculated thereto, cultured until the apparent mycelium turned around in the culture medium, and the number of days (the number of days around the fungus) necessary for the hyphae to turn was measured. Thereafter, the culture was further continued and aged. After culturing for a total of 100 days, the fungus was scraped and the culture was continued for 10 days to form fruit body primordia. The culture medium in which the primordium was formed was further cultured for 12 days, and the number of bottles from which the mature fruit bodies were obtained was measured. The effects of magnesium aluminate and calcium citrate on the number of days required for the rotation of the mycelium of Hatakeshimeji K-3304 and the incidence thereof were examined. The results are shown in Table 47.
[0094]
[Table 47]

[0095]
  As clearly shown in Table 47, a humus base material conventionally required for artificial culture is included by simultaneously adding to the artificial culture medium a neutralized limestone of nitrohumic acid and magnesium aluminate metasilicate. The incidence of Hatake-Shimeji K-3304 strain was improved even without the medium. However, the number of days required around the bacteria was delayed. However, by adding calcium citrate, the number of days around the bacteria could be greatly improved without impairing the incidence.
[0096]
【The invention's effect】
  As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to obtain high-quality Hatake shimeji in high yield regardless of the strain, the quality of the humic base material, and whether or not the humic base material is used.

Claims (7)

  An agent for improving the incidence of fruit bodies of Hatake shimeji mushroom, comprising an alkaline earth metal compound containing no aluminum (excluding magnesium sulfate and calcium carbonate) as an essential component.   The alkaline earth metal compound containing no aluminum is an alkaline earth metal oxide, hydroxide, inorganic acid salt (excluding magnesium sulfate or calcium carbonate), aliphatic acid salt or nitrohumic acid salt. The occurrence rate improving agent according to 1. Alkaline earth metal compounds not containing aluminum are magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, barium oxide, strontium oxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, strontium hydroxide, beryllium hydroxide, calcium nitrate, beryllium sulfate, carbonic acid Magnesium, barium carbonate, strontium carbonate, calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, magnesium acetate, barium acetate, calcium lactate, barium formate, calcium citrate, magnesium citrate, calcium gluconate, magnesium gluconate, lime, nitrohumic acid Soil lime neutralized sediment, humus phosphorus, bone meal, mashed lime, slaked lime, lime nitrogen, superphosphate lime, hydroxylated bitter earth, oyster byproduct lime, converter lime, molten phosphorus, magnesium silicate, and silica It is selected from the group consisting of calcium, incidence enhancing agent according to claim 1 or 2. A culture medium for artificial cultivation of Hatake shimeji mushroom, comprising the incidence rate improving agent according to any one of claims 1 to 3 . Furthermore, the culture medium for artificial cultivation of Claim 4 containing 1 or more components selected from the group which consists of vermiculite, Kanuma soil, red ball soil, plant ash, and a suitable or incompatible humic base material . In artificial cultivation of Hatake shimeji, the incidence improvement agent of any one of Claims 1-3 is used, The artificial cultivation method of Hatake shimeji characterized by the above-mentioned. A method for improving the incidence rate of fruit bodies of Hatake shimeji mushroom, wherein the occurrence rate improving agent according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is used.