JP4570295B2 - Mushroom artificial culture medium and mushroom artificial cultivation method using the same - Google Patents

Description

【００２３】
【発明の効果】
本発明のきのこの人工培養基を用いることによって、きのこの収率を飛躍的に高めることができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an artificial culture medium for mushrooms and an artificial cultivation method for mushrooms using the same.
In the present invention, “parts” and “%” are based on mass unless otherwise specified.
[0002]
[Prior art and its problems]
Conventionally, mushroom cultivation is mostly mortar cultivation using raw wood such as kunugi, beech and nara, and therefore the harvest is often influenced by weather conditions.
In addition, recently, it has become difficult to obtain raw wood due to a lack of labor for cutting out raw wood for cultivating wood.
In addition, the cultivation period is long in hodoki cultivation, that is, it takes one and a half years to two years from the inoculation of the inoculum to the harvest of the mushrooms, so that the production cost is considerably high at present.
[0003]
In recent years, enokitake, hiratake, nameko, shiitake, etc., have been established for artificial cultivation of fungus beds using a culture medium containing sawdust and rice bran in bottles or boxes, regardless of the season throughout the year. These mushrooms can be harvested stably.
In other words, the traditional mushroom cultivation, which has a strong side-business character at farmers and relies on small-scale production, is now shifting to a fungus bed artificial cultivation method that allows large-scale specialized production and is easy to obtain raw materials. is there.
[0004]
However, even in fungus bed artificial cultivation, in order to continuously cultivate mushrooms in large quantities, the yield is still low and the cultivation period is quite long, so the production cost cannot be said to be low. Improvement is eagerly desired.
[0005]
As a method for improving productivity, for example, a method in which an aluminosilicate compound having a specific composition or a magnesium aluminum silicate compound having a specific composition is contained in an artificial culture medium has been proposed (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 03-210126). JP, 03-58716, A).
[0006]
However, the fact is that these methods cannot be produced in a sufficient yield.
[0007]
On the other hand, the formation of calcium aluminate tricarbonate hydrate is recognized only under limited conditions, and an industrially useful method for synthesizing calcium aluminate tricarbonate hydrate is the method disclosed by the present inventors. This is not too much (JP 09-241021 A).
Further, the usefulness of this calcium aluminate tricarbonate hydrate is only proposed by the present inventor as a paper filler, a resin filler and a flame retardant.
[0008]
As a result of intensive efforts to solve the problems in artificial cultivation of mushrooms, the present inventor has found that mushrooms can be cultivated in high yield by using a specific artificial culture medium and completes the present invention. It came to.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
That is, the present invention is a mushroom artificial culture medium containing calcium aluminate tricarbonate hydrate, and a mushroom artificial cultivation method using the artificial culture medium.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.
[0011]
Calcium aluminate tricarbonate hydrate (CATCH) used in the present invention has a specific gravity of 1.65 to 1.85, and generally refers to compounds represented by 3CaO · Al ₂ O ₃ · 3CaCO ₃ · nH ₂ O It is. N in the formula is about 30 to 32.
CATCH is also called carbonated ettringite because it can be regarded as a composition in which the sulfate radical of ettringite represented by 3CaO.Al ₂ O ₃ .3CaSO ₄ .32H ₂ O is replaced with a carbonate radical.
However, CATCH, unlike ettringite, is a compound that can only be obtained under specific production conditions.
That is, ettringite is obtained, for example, by a method of hydrating a calcium aluminate compound and an inorganic sulfate, a method of reacting calcium hydroxide and aluminum sulfate, and further, calcium hydroxide, alkali aluminate and sulfuric acid. It can be obtained by various methods such as a method of reacting a salt.
On the other hand, CATCH can only be used under limited conditions such as alkali aluminate and / or aluminum hydroxide, carbonate, calcium hydroxide, and organic compounds mixed in water. Generation is not allowed.
[0012]
The artificial culture medium used in the present invention is usually a mixture of a carbon source such as sawdust, bran and rice bran and a nitrogen source such as rice bran and soybean meal, and an appropriate amount of water is added to this mixture. These are prepared by crushing into bottles or boxes, and further added with CATCH.
[0013]
The amount of carbon source, the amount of nitrogen source, and the amount of water vary depending on the type, the amount of water contained, etc., and are not uniquely determined.
For example, when sawdust is used as the carbon source, the sawdust can be used in a range of about 20 to 90% of the total amount of dry matter in the dry state, but this amount varies depending on the medium component used as the nitrogen source. For example, when rice bran is used as a nitrogen source, sawdust is used as a dry matter amount in the range of 20 to 90% of the total dry matter of the medium, but water is added to a mixture of sawdust and rice bran in a weight ratio of 1: 1. Thus, it is preferable to prepare by adjusting the water content of water to 55 to 70% in a bottle or box.
[0014]
Moreover, as sawdust, hardwood sawdust or coniferous sawdust can be used alone or in combination.
[0015]
The mixing ratio of CATCH is preferably 1 to 30 parts and more preferably 3 to 15 parts with respect to 100 parts of the artificial culture medium composed of a carbon source and a nitrogen source. When the mixing ratio of CATCH is outside the above range, the effects of the present invention may not be sufficiently obtained.
[0016]
The mushroom according to the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it can be artificially cultivated. Specific examples thereof include enokitake, hiratake, nameko, bean shimeji, shiitake and the like.
[0017]
In the present invention, in addition to CATCH, a carbon source such as sawdust, a nitrogen source such as rice bran, and water, an aluminosilicate compound and magnesium aluminum silicate that are conventionally used materials for improving the yield of mushrooms The compounds of the present invention are substantially the object of the present invention, such as magnesium compound, magnesium silicate compound, calcium silicate compound, magnesium aluminate compound, calcium aluminate compound, slag powder, ettringite, phosphorus compound, calcium hydroxide and calcium carbonate. It can be used in combination as long as it does not inhibit.
[0018]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail by experimental examples.
[0019]
Experimental example 1
An artificial culture medium was prepared by placing 500 g of hardwood sawdust, 500 g of coniferous sawdust and 1,000 g of rice bran in a plastic bag and mixing them well.
CATCH shown in Table 1 was added to 200 g of the prepared artificial culture medium, the water content was adjusted to 65% to obtain a mixture, and 200 g of the mixture was pressed into a plastic 1-liter wide-mouth bottle. A hole with a diameter of about 1 cm was made in the center of each bottle and after sterilization, the bottle was sterilized at 120 ° C for 90 minutes.
After cooling, scallop sawdust species were inoculated, cultured in the dark at a temperature of 25 ° C. and a relative humidity of 55% for 30 days (fungus spinning process), and further cultured for 30 days for aging.
Next, the stopper was removed, and about 1 cm of bacteria was scraped from the top of the culture medium to remove the mycelium layer, and then 20 ml of tap water was added to absorb water sufficiently.
After standing for 4 hours, remove the water remaining on the top and incubate for 4 days under the conditions of temperature 15 ° C, relative humidity 95% and illuminance 20 lux to form a fruiting body primordium, and illuminance is 200 lux. The culture was continued for 10 days, and the influence of the weight ratio of CATCH on the fruit body yield was examined. The results are also shown in Table 1.
For comparison, the same experiment was performed using ettringite. The results are also shown in Table 1.
[0020]
<Materials used>
Hardwood Sawdust: Beech Sawdust Softwood Sawdust: Sawwood Sawdust Rice Butter: Commercial Product CATCH: 0.5 mol of sodium aluminate and 0.5 mol of sodium carbonate dissolved in 1,000 cc of 2% sugar water to make A solution, calcium hydroxide 2.0 Mole is added to 1,000cc of 2% sugar water to form a calcium hydroxide slurry B solution. The solution A and B solution are mixed to form a precipitation product, which is aged for 4 hours with stirring and then separated into solid and liquid. To obtain a precipitated product, which is dried at 40 ° C and synthesized.
Sodium aluminate: Reagent primary sodium carbonate: Reagent primary calcium hydroxide: Reagent primary sugar: Commercial ettringite: 1 mol of anhydrous aluminum sulfate and 6 mol of calcium hydroxide are placed in 3,000 cc of water and stirred at 50 ° C for 30 minutes. Then synthesized.
Anhydrous aluminum sulfate: Reagent grade 1 water: Tap water [0021]
<Measurement method>
Control contrast: fruit body yield of artificial culture medium with CATCH added (g) / fruit body yield of artificial culture medium without CATCH added (g) x 100 (%)
[0022]
[Table 1]

[0023]
【The invention's effect】
By using the artificial culture medium for mushrooms of the present invention, the yield of mushrooms can be dramatically increased.

Claims (2)

An artificial culture medium for mushrooms containing calcium aluminate tricarbonate hydrate. A method for artificial cultivation of mushrooms using the artificial culture medium for mushrooms according to claim 1.