KR100368904B1 - Chemical supplements medium for culture of pleurotus mushroom - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a chemical composition medium for cultivating oyster mushrooms, the present invention not only skips the fermentation process of the conventional cultivation process of oyster mushrooms, but also inhibits the growth of various bacteria such as fungi when cultivating mushrooms, nutrients required for growth of mushroom mycelium. It provides a chemical composition medium for cultivating oyster mushroom to maintain a constant mushroom quality.

Description

Chemical supplements medium for culture of pleurotus mushroom

The present invention relates to a chemical composition medium for cultivating oyster mushroom, and more particularly, to use a chemical composition medium to omit the fermentation step of the existing medium as well as to suppress the growth of microorganisms such as fungi in the medium It is about.

Mushrooms (mushroom) belonging to basidiomycetes are important food resources and medicinal plants that decompose and grow various organic matters. Mushrooms have unique tastes and aromas, and contain a lot of proteins, vitamins, and other inorganic nutrients. In particular, recent studies have shown that anticancer and antiviral effects caused by the glucan derivatives, the polysaccharides in mushrooms, This report has been reported worldwide as a health food (Miyazaki, T., Nishijima, M., (1981) Chem. Pharm. Bull. 29: 3611; Kim Byeong-kak et al., (1980) anticancer component of Korean basidiomycetes Korean Journal of Mycology, 8: 107; Chihara et al., Fractionation and purification of the polysaccharides with marked antitumor activity, especially lentinan, from Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Sing (anedible mushroom) .Cancer Res. 30: 2776- 2781 (1970); Kang, Chang-Jin, et al., Studies on the Anticancer Components of Korean Basidiomycetes, Mycelial Culture and Anticancer Components of Barley Herbs, Korean Journal of Biochemistry, 14: 101 (1981); Yamamura, Y., and Cochrane, KW, A Selective inhibitor of myxovirus form shiitake (Lentinus edodes) .M ushroom Sci. 9 (1): 495-507 (1976))

Conventionally, mushrooms have been cultivated by inoculating spawns by drilling holes in solid wood such as hackberry, zelkova, oak or oak, depending on the type of mushroom (Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 60-62918, 61-268109, 62-). No. 186726), because stable supply of wood and a large labor force are required, the cultivation method has been improved in recent years, and artificial media such as sawdust badges, rice straw badgers, and rice hull badgers, which have pulverized or cut various vegetable fiber materials, have been researched and developed. Method of bottle cultivation, box cultivation, bag cultivation using sawdust as a substrate (Japanese specialty small 46-40169, Japanese specialty small 48-39540, Japanese specialty small 49-41076, Japanese specialty small 50-10222, Japanese specialty Small 60-58017, Japanese Special Raid 61-47122, Japanese Special Raid 62-285730) have a limited supply of sawdust, and due to its fine grain size, the yield is not constant due to the air permeability problem. There is a drawback in that considerable labor is required in the mixing, sterilizing and inoculation steps.

Currently, the production and cultivation method of artificial media of oyster mushroom is made of rice straw or waste cotton, and it is submerged, piled up, inverted, granulated, sterilized and post-fermented, spawn inoculation, mycelial growth, mushroom development and growth, harvest, lung It is carried out as a work process.

The outdoor deposition, the first stage of the production of the medium, has a fermentation process of about 10 days, and thus, a person spends the labor cost according to time and labor because a person has to turn the medium material from time to time for aerobic fermentation. Subsequently, after placing the medium on the balance bed in the grower, as many steam boilers are needed for sterilization at 60 ° C. for 8 hours and fermentation at 50 ° C. for 3 to 5 days, or only one growing room at a time. As a full-time farm with multiple growers can ferment, it requires a lot of labor at a time, and the fuel consumed during the high temperature fermentation process greatly increases the cost of mushroom cultivation.

In addition, the conditions suitable for growing oyster mushrooms are similar to those suitable for fungus growth, so that sterilization processes are carried out to remove contamination from fungi when cultivating oyster mushrooms, and careful efforts are made to minimize contamination opportunities when cultivating oyster mushrooms. Is required. However, despite careful efforts, the fungus begins to grow in the medium, which is contaminated by the spores and grows throughout the grower, causing huge damage to the farmhouse due to the failure of mushroom cultivation. Therefore, for the success of mushroom cultivation, various bacteria are suppressed through sterilization, washing and disinfection process, and the advantages of mushrooms are promoted through environmental control such as aging of medium, inoculation of high viable spawn, proper temperature / humidity and ventilation management of culture room. shall.

However, mushrooms, which are high-income crops, have been started in many farms, but the development of specialized mushroom cultivation methods to solve these problems is urgently needed due to the complexity of the growing methods, labor force, and difficult growing conditions.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a medium composition for growing oyster mushrooms, which is easy to grow mushrooms.

In addition, an object of the present invention is to provide a medium composition for growing oyster mushroom that can produce a mushroom of a certain quality.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a chemical medium for cultivating oyster mushroom, including waste noodles, sawdust, corncob, phosphate, magnesium salt, calcium salt, and vitamins.

In another aspect, the present invention is to prepare a basic medium by mixing waste noodles, sawdust and corn cob; Preparing a chemical solution by mixing water, phosphate, magnesium salt, calcium salt, sugar, and vitamin, and titrating to pH 7.5 to 8.0 with sodium hydroxide; And it provides a method for producing a chemical composition medium for cultivating oyster mushroom, comprising the step of mixing the chemical solution in 1.5 to 2.5 L per kg to the basic medium prepared above.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.

Processed rice straw or compost, malt, potatoes, etc. to control the growth of mushroom mycelia, nutrients, acidity, and the substrate is a substrate or incubator. In order to isolate or multiply mushroom mycelium, a medium suitable for the physiological characteristics of mycelium is basically used.The medium provides nutrients and moisture for the growth of mushroom bacteria, so it is vital for carbon, nitrogen, vitamins and inorganic salts. It should contain all the ingredients necessary for maintenance.

The basic principle of the chemical composition medium of the present invention is to adjust the hydrogen ion concentration (pH) to pH that does not affect the growth of mushroom hyphae while inhibiting the growth of fungi, and nutrients necessary for mushroom growth by artificially adding mushroom mycelial growth factor. To supply. In the existing fermentation process, microorganisms change the pH of the medium from 6 to pH 7 to 7.5 to suppress the growth of fungi and microorganisms replace the nutrients suitable for mushroom mycelial growth. To reduce the time and cost.

The chemical composition medium of the present invention is made by mixing the waste medium, sawdust, and the basic medium of the corncob and the chemical solution. The basic medium contains more than 70% and less than 100% by weight of the dry weight, the sawdust is greater than 0 and less than 30% by weight of the total dry weight, the corncob is greater than 0 and less than 30% by weight, and per kg of the basic medium Mix 1.5-2.5 L chemical solution.

Waste cotton of the basal medium is preferably used cotton wool, waste cotton contains 80-85% of carbon and nitrogen, it is preferable as a mushroom cultivation medium because the high ingredients that can be used mushrooms, such as fiber, hot water extract, alcohol extract, etc. .

Sawdust is a basic material of the spawn medium, which contains various nutrients necessary for the growth of mushrooms, and it is preferable to supply oxygen by maintaining a constant pore and to have proper moisture. In addition, the sawdust is preferably a sawdust containing no phenol, a resin component, such as harmful substances, and a lot of sapwood part, it is preferable that the size of the sawdust particles are suitably mixed to 1 to 3 mm. The type of wood used is most suitable for the host where mushrooms occur in nature. In general, sawdust such as cottonwood, sagewood and poplar is preferable, and poplar sawdust is most preferable for oyster mushroom.

Corncobs are added to provide energy sources that are scarce for nutrients in cotton or wood.

The chemical solution mixed in the basic medium is shown below.

The chemical solution consists of the inorganic elements phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and carbon sources of sugar, and trace elements, vitamin B, which are relatively necessary for mycelial growth. Basidiomycete is a coenzyme necessary for growth, which is necessary for vitamins to biosynthesize vitamins on its own, but in artificial cultivation, because it grows rapidly under optimal conditions, vitamins are always present in insufficient condition and act as a limiting factor. Therefore, vitamins added to the medium and vitamins synthesized by microorganisms during fermentation act as important factors for mushroom growth and fruiting body formation, increasing fruiting yield. Among the various vitamins, the most essential vitamin is the vitamin B group, and the vitamin B group of the present invention is preferably thiamin (vitamin B ₁ ), riboprabin (vitamin B ₂ ), and biotin (vitamin B ₇ ). The chiamine (B ₁ ) is a coenzyme of carboxylase that regulates carbohydrate metabolism and is involved in carbohydrate metabolism to induce primordial body, and riboprabin (B ₂ ) is a redox reaction based on energy generation Coenzyme plays a fundamental role in the energy metabolism of basidiomycetes. In addition, it is essential for the growth of basidiomycete as a coenzyme involved in biosynthesis of biotin (B ₇ ) asphalt.

The phosphoric acid, magnesium and calcium are preferably ordinary phosphoric acid compounds, magnesium compounds and calcium compounds. The composition of the chemical solution is 1 g to 2 g of phosphate compound, 0.1 g to 0.5 g of magnesium compound, 5 g to 15 g of calcium compound, greater than 0 g of sugar and less than 4 g in 1 L of water, 1 mg to 4 of chiamin Preference is given to using mg, riboprabin 1 mg to 6 mg, and biotin 0.5 mg to 5 mg, after which the chemicals are mixed and the pH is titrated with sodium hydroxide.

The hydrogen ion concentration, or pH, of the chemical composition medium of the present invention is outside the range of pH 5.5 to 6, where penicillium or trichoderma, which is a pollutant for cultivation of Pleurotus erythrii, is well-produced, affecting the growth of Pleurotus eryngii mycelia. It is preferred to titrate to pH 7.5-8 without. Therefore, even in the present chemical composition medium, mold growth is inhibited and mold is grown and spore propagation is not suitable for spore germination, so mold spread is suppressed and oyster mushroom grows rapidly by sufficient nutrients.

Therefore, the oyster mushroom as a chemical composition medium of the present invention is harvested through a series of cultivation process consisting of solution and medium mixing, spawn inoculation, medium addition to the box, grower granulation, culture, fruiting body harvest.

The cultivation process of the oyster mushroom is that the fermentation process of the existing cultivation process is omitted.

Hereinafter, preferred examples are provided to aid in understanding the present invention. However, the following examples are provided only to more easily understand the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

EXAMPLE

The waste cotton and corncobs used in this experiment were purchased from Boseong Trading, a specialist in mushroom cultivation, and the cotton pupa was used. Inorganic salts were made from Deoksan chemistry products and vitamins were made from Sigma, USA.

The medium was prepared by mixing 80% by weight of cotton, 10% by weight of sawdust, and 10% by weight of corncob. In 800 ℓ of water, 800 g of potassium phosphate, 400 g of magnesium sulfate, 800 g of sugar, calcium 3200 g, sodium hydroxide 800 g, 2400 mg of vitamin B1, 3200 mg of riboflavin (vitamin B2), biotin (vitamin) B7) 1600 mg was mixed and the pH was adjusted to 7.5 with sodium hydroxide to prepare a chemical composition. The mushroom medium was prepared by adding 800 liters of the chemical composition solution to 400 kg of the prepared medium.

[Comparative Example]

As the medium material, 75% by weight of water was added to 100% of normal closed cotton. At this time, about 75% by weight of water means that the water drops slightly when holding the medium by hand.

At present, cultivation methods of oyster mushroom are fungal cultivation and box cultivation.

In the cultivation method, when 400 kg of cotton wool is mixed with a cotton swab and deposited, water added to the medium is about 70% by weight after the excess water is drained out by the deposited weight. The exposed medium is covered with vinyl on the deposited medium, and the deposited medium is inverted three times every two days for aerobic fermentation. After the outdoor fermentation medium was granulated into the cultivation room, the temperature of the cultivation room was raised to 65 ° C. using a steam boiler and pasteurized for 8 hours. After sterilization, high-temperature fermentation at 50 ℃ for 5 days, the medium is cooled to room temperature, and then inoculated in parallel by inoculating 18 kg of the spawn by inoculation with the medium and sprinkling the seed on the medium. After 7 days after cold stimulation was harvested.

Experimental Example

Inoculated with 2 kg of Pleurotus spp. 2 in 1200 kg of medium in the chemical composition medium prepared in the above example, 400 boxes containing a medium inoculated with about 3 kg of the seed medium mixed in 40 cm × 40 cm × 12 cm box After making, transfer the box to the culture chamber and incubated for 27 days at a temperature of 25 ℃. After culturing, the first fruiting body was harvested 7 days after the low temperature stimulation, and then the second and third harvests. Table 3 shows the yield and recovery of the third harvest. Fruiting bodies are organs for fungi, such as mushrooms, to form spores. The bodies of bacteria that make mushrooms are mycelium that spreads in soil, leaves, and timber.

TABLE 1

Yield (kg) Recovery rate (%) Example 1 Harvest 180 45 Example 2 Second Harvest 120 35 Example 3 Third Harvest 100 25 Comparative Example 1st Harvest 160 40 Comparative Example 2 Harvest 60 15 Comparative Example 3 Harvest 32 8

The recovery rate of Table 1 represents the ratio of fruiting body weight to dry medium weight as a percentage. The formula for calculating the recovery rate is shown in Equation 1 below.

[Equation 1]

Recovery rate = (weight of fruit / dry weight) * 100

Oyster mushroom spring 2 of the Example obtained the recovery of about 105% of the dried medium by the first, second, and third harvest, which was 1.67 times increased compared to the 63% recovery of the comparative example. In addition, the quality of the cultivated mushroom was recognized as the same quality of the oyster mushroom of the Example and the oyster mushroom of the comparative example.

As described above, the chemical composition medium for culturing oyster mushroom of the present invention is omitted the fermentation step of the medium to shorten the medium production period, thereby eliminating labor and equipment and maintenance costs necessary for the fermentation process. In addition, the present invention can be produced quantitatively without undergoing a difficult fermentation process, so there is little risk of failure of cultivation of oyster mushrooms, there is no problem of mold contamination, and it is possible to produce mushrooms of even quality.

Claims (6)

(Correction) (a) a basic medium, including closed noodles, sawdust and jade ball restraints; And (b) a chemical solution comprising water, phosphate, magnesium salt, calcium salt, sugar, and vitamins, wherein the chemical solution is pH 7.5 to 8.0. (delete) The method of claim 1, wherein the vitamin is chiamin (vitamin B ₁ ), riboprabin (vitamin B ₂ ), and biotin (vitamin B ₇ ) is a chemical medium for growing oyster mushroom. (Correction) (a) mixing the waste noodles, sawdust and corncob to prepare a base medium; (b) preparing a chemical solution by mixing water, phosphate, magnesium salt, calcium salt, sugar and vitamins, and titrating the pH to 7.5 to 8.0 with sodium hydroxide; And (c) mixing the chemical solution prepared in step (b) to 1.5 to 2.5 liters per kilogram to the basic medium prepared in step (a). Method for producing a chemical composition medium for growing oyster mushroom, characterized in that. (delete) (delete)