KR100971063B1 - Produce and producing system for non-fermentation agaricus biscorus compost and composting method - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: An Agaricus bisporus culture-culture medium system using a non-fermented Agaricus bisporus culture medium and a production method thereof are provided to culture Agaricus bisporus without environmental contamination by removing a fermentation process. CONSTITUTION: An Agaricus bisporus culture-culture medium system includes a non-fermented Agaricus bisporus culture medium and an Agaricus bisporus culture. The fermented Agaricus bisporus culture medium includes a culture component including cellulose 100 parts by weight, expanded rice hull 100~200 parts by weight, starch 10~20 parts by weight, glucose 5~15 parts by weight, soyflour 0.5~2 parts by weight, amino acid 0.1~1 parts by weight and a thermophilic microorganism culture containing Bacillus subtilis. The Agaricus bisporus culture is cultured in 18~25°C for 18 ~ 22 days by inoculating Agaricus bisporus spawn in the non-fermented Agaricus bisporus culture medium.

Description

Produce and Producing System For Non-Fermentation Agaricus Biscorus compost and composting method}

The present invention relates to a mushroom mushroom culture-medium system inoculated with mushroom mushroom spawn in a medium and cultured in a culture chamber, and more particularly, to a mushroom mushroom culture medium-medium system using a non-fermented mushroom mushroom medium and a production method thereof.

The mushroom mushroom medium currently used is made by pre-fermenting rice straw with high cellulose content at about 60 ° C. for about 20 days in the open air, and then fermenting it in the grower for about 7 to 10 days. In this case, waste straw, ground flour or ground flour are used as the main straw, and urea, gypsum, lime and the like are used together as a material. Such a conventional medium has a labor force concentrated in the fermentation process and takes a long time to manufacture, and problems such as odor, air and water pollution, soil pollution, etc. reduce the living environment of rural areas and damage the local image.

In addition, conventionally, the entire process of cultivation from cultivation of mushroom mushroom spawn to growth has been usually done in a cultivation farm. The most laborious and laborious step in the process of cultivating mushrooms is the cultivation stage. Therefore, if it is possible to provide mushroom cultures with finished media to the farms under optimum conditions in large-scale cultivation rooms, the farms will be much easier and more convenient because they only need to grow at the growers. Will help.

An object of the present invention is to provide a mushroom culture medium-medium culture medium and a method for producing the same, which can be provided with the culture mushroom culture medium after the spawn culture. In particular, it is an object of the present invention to provide a mushroom culture medium-medium system using a non-fermented mushroom mushroom medium that does not require a conventional fermentation process that takes a lot of time and labor and causes environmental pollution such as odor.

To this end, in the present invention,

A mushroom mushroom culture-medium system comprising a non-fermented mushroom mushroom medium and a mushroom mushroom culture cultured in the medium,

100 parts by weight of cellulose; 100-200 parts by weight of bulrush chaff; 10-20 parts by weight of starch; 5-15 parts by weight of glucose; 0.5-2 parts by weight of soy flour; And 200-1,400 parts by weight of a high-temperature microbial culture medium containing Bacillus subtilis 1.0 × 10 ¹¹ cfu / ml to 1.0 × 10 ¹² cfu / ml. Inoculated with mushroom mushroom spawn, the mushroom mushroom culture-medium system obtained by culturing at 18-25 ° C. for 18-22 days is provided.

Preferably said fermented mushroom mushroom medium is formed in a box, and the mushroom mushroom culture-medium system of the present invention further comprises this box.

Fermented mushroom culture medium-cultured mushroom culture medium of the present invention can use the non-fermented mushroom culture medium, because the medium can be composed of the elements necessary for the culture and growth of mushroom fungus mycelium without the fermentation process.

First, Bacillus subtilis (枯草 菌), which is used as an essential ingredient, is widely distributed in nature as thermophilic microorganisms, especially in air, dry grass or rice straw, and soil. Rod-shaped bacillus with flagella, actively moving, and forms a circular or oval-shaped apo (芽胞) in the center of the cell. It develops well in ordinary incubators and forms large gray-white colonies and its surroundings are radial. This bacterium is characterized by its strong resistance to follicles, which are Gram-positive bacteria containing glycogen, and decompose many carbohydrates to produce acid. In addition, it proliferates best at 30-70 degreeC, and develops well even at high temperature of 50-56 degreeC.

In the present invention, by placing the Bacillus subtilis in liquid sterilized medium directly, the Bacillus subtilis quickly gains an advantage in the sterilized medium without the fermentation process, thereby preventing contamination by various germs. In addition, by adding a large amount of Bacillus subtilis at the same time to break down the main ingredients cellulose and chaff chaff can be produced nutrients required for the cultivation of mushrooms. In other words, Bacillus subtilis decomposes cellulose (fiber) aerobically and fixes nitrogen to make amino acids. Mushrooms require nitrogen to grow, and mushroom spawn synthesizes amino acids into proteins. The mushroom spawn grows while synthesizing proteins, and the grown mycelia bear fruiting bodies, which become mushroom mushrooms.

Bacillus subtilis culture medium used in the present invention is preferably cultured in a liquid medium containing 100 parts by weight of distilled water and 0.5 to 3 parts by weight of glucose at 30 to 70 ℃, pH 6-8 conditions for 5 to 10 days. At this time, Preferably, it is incubated for 6-8 days on 50-70 degreeC and the conditions of pH 7-7.5.

Cellulose (cellulose, fibrous) used as the main material is represented by the formula (C ₆ H ₁₀ O ₅ ) _n , decomposed by Bacillus subtilis and immobilized by nitrogen to amino acid (NH ₂ CHR _n COOH (where n = 1-20) ) And carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ). The nitrogen source here is soy flour used as a subsidiary material, which will be described below.

Another main ingredient, bulky chaff, is based on fiber and siliceous. Puffed chaff or chaff does not differ from rice straw itself, but differs in physical properties (molecule cohesion). The siliceous component, which is the main component of rice hull, prevents cellulose from agglomerating with each other. When the rice hull is expanded (processed at high temperature and high pressure, the water absorption ability is greatly increased), the formation of pores is better and the growth of bacteria can be smoothed.

Glucose (glucose) is a monosaccharide with 6 carbons and an aldehyde group. It is a D-glucose represented by the molecular formula C ₆ H ₁₂ O _{6 and} is a component that grows cell walls. It is a nutrient. Glucose is decomposed into carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) and water (H ₂ O ₂ ) through a TCA cycle (a process of producing ATP as an energy source through the oxidation of pyruvic acid in living animals of higher animals) under aerobic conditions. (CO ₂ ) plays an important role in the growth of mushroom mycelia. Carbon dioxide is an essential element for the growth of mycelium, and the mycelium grows according to the flow of carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ).

The starch used as the submaterial is represented by the formula C _n (H ₂ O) _m . Carbohydrates function largely as constituents and energy sources of living organisms. In the medium of the present invention, carbohydrates are mainly used as energy sources, and mushroom mycelia are also stored as polysaccharides to form cell walls.

Bean flour is used as raw soy flour and is a nitrogen source in this medium. Nitrogen is essential for growth of mushroom hyphae, and raw soybean powder contains a lot of protein and nitrogen. Soy flour was also of great importance for the carbon yield (C / N ratio composition) of the mushrooms. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the C.N ratio of the mushrooms was 17.74: 1 and nitrogen 1 was used for carbon 17.74.

Amino acid is the basic building block of proteins that governs all life phenomena. In the present invention, it is added to the medium as a nutrient source for cultivating mushrooms, and vegetable amino acids are preferably used. In an embodiment of the present invention, a product having a nitrogen content of 7 amino acids, that is, a product having n = 7 in NH ₂ CHR _n COOH (n = 1-20) was used.

The components of the composition of the medium of the present invention interact with each other to form a mechanism for forming a material necessary for the culture and growth of mushroom mushroom hyphae as follows. First, Bacillus subtilis acts on cellulose and chaff, which are the main ingredients, to make proteins, amino acids, nucleic acids, and urea using nitrogen (organic nitrogen and amino acid nitrogen) contained in soy flour and amino acids. During the microbial decomposition process, Bacillus subtilis, which contains silicic acid, cellulose, and lignin, is decomposed by Bacillus subtilis to fix nitrogen to form “multi-nitrogen lignin corrosive complex” (Miller RE. Siliceous materials having enzyme-polymer product attached). to surface according.US Pat. 3,715,278 dated Feb. 6, 1973). In addition, starch and glucose used as cellulose and subsidiary materials are decomposed by the action of Bacillus subtilis to form new intermediate metabolites, which are either growth nutrients of Bacillus subtilis or synthesized as amino acids by nitrogen assimilation. In addition, carbon dioxide, water and energy are produced during this metabolic process (Preparing a reactor containing enzymes attached to dialdehyde cellulose.US Pat. 4,013,514 dated Mar. 22, 1977). Nitrogen assimilation is a process in which nitrate ions (NO ₃ ⁻ ) are reduced to ammonium ions (NH ₄ ⁺ ) to form glutamic acid (amino acids), followed by the transfer of amino groups to produce various amino acids. the (formaldehyde Id) resin (paengyeon chaff has physical properties more nearly like straw component - NH ₃₎ and ammonium ion (some phenol, which accounts for a small amount of tissue water paengyeon chaff he arose cation activity of NH ₄ +) It is the cause of hardening, which is part of the hull that forms the outer skin called colloid in chaff, which is also degraded by ammonium cations (Keay L. Purification and recovery of neutral and alkaline protease using cationic sulfonated phenol-formaldehyde resin.US Pat. 3,592,738 dated July 13, 1971; Scharpf LG Jr. Germination of spores.US Pat. 3,672,956 dated June 27, 1972; Scharpf LG Jr. Germination of spores.US Pat. 3,672,957 dated June 27, 1972; Scharpf LG Jr. Germination of spores.US Pat. 3,687,815 dated Aug. 29, 1972; Clark SG and Feierstein HE.Enzyme products.US Pat. 3,706,674 dated Dec. 19, 1972; Anderson RG et al. Purification and fractionation of enzyme mixture from aqueous solution.US Pat. 3,616,232 dated Oct. 26, 1971.). As such, the residual ammonia (NH ₃ ) from the nitrogen assimilation is converted into ammonium ion (NH ₄ +) by attaching hydrogen hole electrons from the decomposition of carbohydrates and glucose, so that ammonia gas is not generated much, and it is highly useful for mushroom culture medium. The resin component without this is decomposed.

In the present invention, such a non-fermented mushroom mushroom medium is preferably formed in a box of a certain size to make a mushroom culture medium-medium system in a box unit. Box mushroom culture medium-medium system can be transferred to the grower as it enters the mushroom growth. Thus, by providing a mushroom mushroom culture medium-medium system made in a box unit to the farm, the farm can simply move it to the growing room to cultivate and harvest only.

In the present invention,

(a) 100 parts by weight of cellulose; 100-200 parts by weight of bulrush chaff; 10-20 parts by weight of starch; 5-15 parts by weight of glucose; 0.5-2 parts by weight of soy flour; And a fermented mushroom mushroom medium in which 200-1,400 parts by weight of a high-temperature microbial culture medium containing Bacillus subtilis 1.0 × 10 ¹¹ cfu / ml to 1.0 × 10 ¹² cfu / ml is mixed with a medium component containing 0.1-1 part by weight of amino acids. Steps,

(b) A method for producing a mushroom mushroom culture medium comprising a mycelial culture step of inoculating the mushroom mushroom seedlings in the fermented mushroom mushroom medium obtained in (a) for 18 to 22 days at 18 to 25 ° C.

In the manufacturing step of the non-fermented mushroom mushroom medium, it is preferable to adjust the mixing amount of the thermophilic microbial culture medium to adjust the moisture content of the medium to 60 to 80%, the mixed medium is about 2 to a temperature of 39 ~ 40 ℃ in the culture room It may further comprise a step of culturing for 5 days.

In addition, the method for producing a non-fermented mushroom mushroom medium of the present invention is inoculated with Bacillus subtilis spawn in a liquid medium containing 100 parts by weight of distilled water and 0.5 to 3 parts by weight of glucose, and 5 to 5 under the conditions of 30 to 70 ℃, pH 6-8. The method may further include obtaining the high temperature microbial culture by culturing for 10 days.

In the mycelial culture step, mycelia are cultured under conditions of about 85 to 95% of indoor humidity. Bacillus subtilis cultured in liquid medium is the most active at about 60 ℃, the activity is reduced when the temperature drops to about 25 ℃ or less. Therefore, inoculating the mushroom spawn in the medium, the temperature is lowered to about 18 ~ 25 ℃, preferably 18 ~ 23 ℃ to control the activity of Bacillus subtilis and smooth the activity of the mushroom spawn. When the temperature rises above 30 ℃, the mushroom spawn begins to die.

The method for producing a mushroom mushroom culture medium according to the present invention further includes the step of sterilizing after covering the culture medium with the mycelial culture step. The cover is when the mycelium is energized so that the mycelium spreads on the medium. Preferably, the cover is incubated for 4 to 10 days. Soil used for covering soil is preferably used after sieving to remove stones and impurities. In addition, it is preferably used after removing the residues of plant seeds, insect eggs, pesticide residues, etc. using a cover soil (soil) sterilizer using ultrasonic waves and ultraviolet rays.

Mushroom mushroom culture-medium system produced according to the present invention can be grown in accordance with the mushroom growing method in a conventional manner as it is transferred to the cultivator. Preferably, after incubation for about 7 days after the cover is moved to a conventional mushroom mushroom cultivator. It usually took 16 days from cover soil to 1 cycle harvest and about 58 days to 7 cycles. Usually harvested up to 7 cycles and then lost. In growers, it is desirable to extend the low-temperature incubation period up to one cycle in order to raise the trochle of bacteria on the cover to the maximum and then to harvest long-term.

Mushroom mushroom culture-medium system according to the present invention, by using a fermentation-free mushroom mushroom medium that does not require a fermentation process, there is no environmental pollution problems such as odor and air, water, soil, etc. generated during the fermentation process, it is possible to organic production, The production period of the medium and the manpower and cost required for the production of the medium can be greatly reduced, and the medium is composed of eco-friendly and inexpensive materials, which can reduce the cost by about half of the conventional cost, and the used medium can be recycled as feed. There is also an effect.

The mushroom mushroom culture-medium system of the present invention provides a mushroom culture medium, which has been finished in the optimum condition in a large-scale culture room, with its medium, so that farms only need to grow it in a grower, so that mushrooms can be grown more easily and conveniently. In addition, the quality of the cultivation can be improved.

By using the mushroom mushroom culture medium-media system of the present invention, it is possible to omit the cultivation step previously required for cultivation farms for cultivating mushroom mushrooms, so that older people in rural areas can easily grow mushrooms, and there is no environmental pollution factor The environment can also be greatly improved.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to specific examples. However, these examples are only for illustrating the present invention in more detail, the scope of the present invention is not limited by these examples.

Example  One

Cultivation of Bacillus subtilis

Inoculate the Bacillus subtilis spawn in the liquid medium prepared as shown in Table 1 below. Bacillus subtilis spawn was distributed by Korea Microbial Conservation Center (KCCM) (KCCM 12260). The incubator smoothly supplies oxygen at a high temperature to supply sufficient oxygen in the medium, and allows the medium to be in contact with air as the liquid medium is circulated. Thermophilic microorganisms are microorganisms that grow easily above 45 ℃, and usually grow well at 50 ~ 70 ℃. The optimum temperature of Bacillus subtilis is 60 ℃. Therefore, the temperature during incubation was maintained at the optimum temperature at 60 ℃ starting at 30 ℃. The pH of the liquid medium was adjusted to 7.5. Under these conditions, Bacillus subtilis was cultured for 7 days to obtain a liquid culture solution containing Bacillus subtilis 1.0 × 10 ¹¹ cfu / ml to 1.0 × 10 ¹² cfu / ml.

As the foaming agent, GM Foam Co., Ltd. "FormClean 350" ™ was used.

Example  2

Preparation of the badge

(1) First, cellulose is pulverized, and then 2 kg of crushed cellulose is mixed with 3 kg of expanded chaff. As the cellulose, “FSC Controlled Wood” ™ (natural cellulose) of Donghae Pulp Co., Ltd. was used.

(2) 8 liters of Bacillus subtilis cultured in Example 1 (1.0 × 10 ¹¹ cfu / ml to 1.0 × 10 ¹² cfu / ml) and 4.6 ml of amino acid (“ACADIAN 29” ™, Acadian seaplant Limtid, Canada) and soy flour. 10 g was placed in a box (inner diameter: W445 / L725 / H190, outer diameter: W485 / L765 / H200) and mixed firstly.

(3) In the first mixture of (2), 245 g of starch (Daehan Flour, Corn Starch) and 185 g of Glucose (Grand Co., Ltd., hydrous crystalline glucose) were mixed in a second manner.

(4) Mix the main material of (1) into the secondary mixture of (3) and adjust the moisture content to 70%. The weight of the medium thus produced is 14 kg per box (FIG. 1A).

(5) The medium made in (4) was cultured in a culture chamber at a temperature of 39-40 ° C. for about 2 days (humidity of the culture chamber was 90%) (FIG. 1B).

The carbon ratio was calculated in the medium composition as follows.

Carbon  Calculation

When the carbon mass rate is 17 or less, nitrogen is released as a fertilizer. When 33 or more, nitrogen is preferentially used by microorganisms. Therefore, in general, the microorganisms are preferentially used, and then the carbon mass is lowered to about 17. In the present invention, when the content of the organic nitrogen is 0.74%, the amount of mushrooms affects the yield of mushrooms so that 17 + 0.74 = 17.74. It was. The calculation is as follows.

(1) Carbon mass rate of main material

Carbon content of expansion: 40, nitrogen content of 0.7, carbonization rate of expanded chaff about 60

Carbon content of cellulose: 6, nitrogen content 0

x = content of nitrogen required

Ie 46 / (0.7 + x) = 17.74

46 = 12.4 + 17.74x

17.74x = 46-12.4

x = 1.89

Therefore, the nitrogen input amount per tonne of main material is calculated as 18.9 kg.

(2) the carbon ratio of the subsidiary material:

Carbon content of glucose: 6, nitrogen content 0

Carbon content of carbohydrates: 6, nitrogen content 0

Carbon content of amino acids: 1, nitrogen content 7

Soy flour carbon content: 0.04 ~ 17, nitrogen content 20

That is, 14 / (27 + x) = 17.74

14 = 478.98 + 17.74x

17.74x = -464.94

x = -26.2

Therefore, the amount of excess nitrogen is 262 kg per ton, and 188.64 kg of nitrogen is contained in 720 kg, so about 72 kg of nitrogen contained in the subsidiary material is added to meet the required 1.89 kg of nitrogen in 1 ton of main material.

Example  3

Mushroom Mushroom Culture Production of badge systems

(1) The mushroom mushroom spawn was inoculated into the box-shaped medium prepared in Example 2 (FIG. 1B). The seed spawn was used to culture mushroom fungus (Sylvan A15) as a grain seed. The inoculation amount is usually about 54 kg per pyeong (3.33 m 2), so about 9 kg was put per box.

(2) After inoculation of the spawn, the cells were incubated for about 20 days at a temperature of 21 ° C. and a humidity of 85-95%. Figure 2a is a photograph of the second day after the inoculation, Figure 2b is a photograph of the seventh day of culture, Figure 2c is a day 15 of the culture, Figure 2d is a photograph of the day 20 of the culture.

(3) Mycelium vibrated, mycelium spreads on the medium and covered with cover and cultured for about 7 days to obtain the mushroom culture medium-medium system of the present invention. Soil used for covering soil was mixed with about 20% of peat and about 80% of loam. The soil used for covering soil is sifted out to remove stones and impurities, and the soil is rounded up to the size of bean grain (about 3cm) and the residues (plant seeds, insect eggs, Pesticide residues) were used after removal. Soil should never be dried, so it contains about 70% moisture. They cover up to about 3.5 centimeters of the medium in the boxes, which takes about 11 kg of water-containing soil per box. After covering, the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) has a great effect on the growth and growth of mushroom mushroom mycelium. The concentration of carbon dioxide was about 390 ~ 400ppm from day 5 to 3, and the concentration of carbon dioxide was about 800 ~ 1,000ppm on day 5. On the 7th day, it was about 6,500 ~ 7,000 but it did not affect mycelial growth. Figure 3a is a photograph on the third day after the cover, Figure 3b is a photograph on the fifth day after the cover, Figure 3c is a photograph on the seventh day after the cover.

Example  4

Mushroom Mushroom Culture -Mushroom Cultivation Using Mushroom System

The mushroom mushroom culture-medium system obtained in Example 3 was transferred to a grower and grown and harvested. Growth at growers was followed by the general mushroom growing method. It took 16 days from cover soil to 1 cycle harvest and about 58 days to 7 cycles. Figure 4a is a photograph of the 9th day after the cover water was moved to the cultivator and scraping the fungus, Figure 4b is a photograph of the 4th day after the watering (13 days after cover), Figure 4c is a photograph of the 10th day after watering to be. The water cycle allowed the soil to have about 70% moisture, giving about 500 ml per box. After 1 cycle of harvesting, the irrigation volume of the water cycle was about 1 liter. In addition, the carbon dioxide concentration from the grower to the initial fin bale was about 1,000 ppm, after which the fin fan was operated to obtain a carbon dioxide concentration of about 50 to 80 ppm. Hence, until Finbal, he was covered with newspapers to keep carbon dioxide. 5 is a photograph of the pin-foot scene.

Figure 1a is a photograph of the medium completed by mixing the materials constituting the medium, Figure 1b is a photograph of the medium after culturing for two days in the culture chamber.

Figure 2a is a photograph of the second day after the inoculation, Figure 2b is a seventh day of culture, Figure 2c is a day 15 of the culture, Figure 2d is a picture of the 20th culture.

Figure 3a is a photograph on the third day after the cover, Figure 3b is a photograph on the fifth day after the cover, Figure 3c is a photograph on the seventh day after the cover.

Figure 4a is a photograph of the 9th day after the cover water was moved to the cultivator and scraping the fungus, Figure 4b is a photograph of the 4th day after the watering (13 days after the cover), Figure 4c is a photograph of the 10th day after watering to be.

5 is a photograph of the pin-foot scene.

Claims (6)

A mushroom mushroom culture-medium system comprising a non-fermented mushroom mushroom medium capable of inoculating mushroom mushroom spawn without pre-fermentation and post-fermentation, and a mushroom culture medium cultured in the medium, The fermented mushroom mushroom medium is 100 parts by weight of cellulose; 100-200 parts by weight of bulrush chaff; 10-20 parts by weight of starch; 5-15 parts by weight of glucose; 0.5-2 parts by weight of soy flour; And 200-1,400 parts by weight of a high-temperature microbial culture medium containing 0.1-1 part by weight of amino acids and 1.0 × 10 ¹¹ cfu / ml to 1.0 × 10 ¹² cfu / ml of Bacillus subtilis. The mushroom mushroom culture, inoculated with mushroom mushroom spawn in the fermented mushroom mushroom medium is cultured mushroom culture medium-medium cultured for 18 to 22 days at 18-25 ℃. 2. The mushroom mushroom culture-media system of claim 1, wherein the fermented mushroom mushroom medium is formed in a box, and further comprising the box. (a) 100 parts by weight of cellulose; 100-200 parts by weight of bulrush chaff; 10-20 parts by weight of starch; 5-15 parts by weight of glucose; 0.5-2 parts by weight of soy flour; And 200-1,400 parts by weight of a high temperature microbial culture medium containing 1.0 × 10 ¹¹ cfu / ml to 1.0 × 10 ¹² cfu / ml of Bacillus subtilis to a medium component comprising 0.1-1 part by weight of amino acids. And the step of preparing a fermented mushroom mushroom medium that can be inoculated without mushroom mushroom spawn, (b) A method of producing a mushroom mushroom culture medium comprising a mycelial culture step of inoculating the mushroom mushroom seedlings in the fermented mushroom mushroom medium obtained in (a) for 18 to 22 days. The method of claim 3, further comprising sterilizing and then sterilizing the culture medium following the mycelial culture. The method according to claim 4, further comprising the step of culturing the mushroom mushroom culture medium-medium further 4-10 days at 18 ~ 25 ℃ after the cover and sterilization. According to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein the production step of the non-fermented mushroom mushroom culture mushroom culture medium further comprising the step of culturing for about 2 to 5 days at a temperature of 39 ~ 40 ℃ in the culture chamber after the mixing -Production method of the medium system.

Images