JPH01117724A - Artificial culture of mushroom - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To carry out artificial culture of mushroom in high mushroom yield especially in the case of using been curd refuse as a nutrient source, by adding bean curd refuse, sawdust and powder of cereals other than soybean, e.g., wheat bran, rice bran, corn cake, etc., to a medium. CONSTITUTION:A mixed medium composed of bean curd refuse and sawdust is mixed with powder of cereals other than soybean, e.g. wheat bran, rice bran, corn cake, etc. The growth-inhibiting substances are blocked with the substances contained in the above medium. The increase in the yield of mushroom can be achieved because the compounds deficient in the case of using the bean curd refuse and sawdust are supplied by the cereal powder such as wheat bran and rice bran. The kind of usable sawdust can be extended and the troublesome and time-consuming work for removing the growth-inhibiting substance by exposing the medium to rain for 1/2-1 year can be omitted.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a method for artificially cultivating mushrooms, and in particular to a method for artificially cultivating mushrooms using sawdust that provides a high mushroom yield when okara is used as a nutritional source. .

[Conventional technology]

Regarding the method of growing mushrooms in bottles, I will explain the conventional cultivation method using oyster mushrooms (sold under the name ``Shimen'' on the market) as an example (Kiyohisa Omori, ``Oyster Mushrooms'', Rural Culture Association).

Figure 3 shows the conventional process for growing oyster mushrooms (hereinafter referred to as "shimen") in bottles. As raw materials, sawdust and rice bran are mixed at a volume ratio of 4:1, water is added to this, and the water content is increased. A medium with a concentration of about 65% is prepared. This medium is filled into a cultivation bottle, and the diameter of the tip is 1.0 mm in the center of the bottle.
cm, and a hole is made using a rod with an upper end of about 1.5 cm.

After a cap is attached to the mouth of the bottle, it is sterilized by heating at 120°C (under saturated steam pressure) for about 1 hour. After the contents of the sterilized cultivation bottle have been sufficiently cooled (below 25°C), 5 to 20 g of crushed seed culture is placed in the hole in the center of the bottle and on the surface to a thickness of about 3 to 5 mm. added to. Immediately cap the cultivation bottle after inoculation and keep it at a temperature of 20~20℃.
The cells are transported to a culture room at 25° C. and 60-70% humidity, where the hyphae are allowed to grow in the medium. This operation is called "culturing" and usually takes 20 to 35 days.

Once the culture is complete, the cap of the bottle is removed and the aged starter layer on the surface of the medium is removed (this operation is referred to as
(referred to as "painting"). After seeding, the bottles are carried into the germination and growth room, where the temperature is 10-15°C, the humidity is 90-95%, and the illuminance is 50-200I! , when placed under the conditions of uX, it is usually 10 to 1
Mushrooms will develop in about 5 days and can be collected.

In addition, rice bran and sawdust mixed medium is most commonly used in the artificial cultivation of mushrooms, but in order to reduce the production cost of mushrooms, it is necessary to purchase medium materials such as sawdust and rice bran at low cost. In addition, it is possible to use bran, corn meal, soybean meal, etc. in place of rice bran as a nutritional source, and attempts have also been made to use okara, which is a by-product during tofu production, as a nutritional source.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

In the artificial cultivation of mushrooms, a rice bran-sawdust mixed medium is most often used, but in this case, it is necessary to secure the nutrients necessary for mushroom growth and to keep the content of growth-inhibiting substances below a predetermined level. The properties of rice bran are generally considered to be constant, so when using a rice bran-sawdust culture medium, the important point is the selection of the sawdust tree species and the seed fungus. is accumulating.

On the other hand, when okara is used as a nutrient source, no detailed study has been conducted regarding the cultivation conditions, and if shimeji mushrooms, which are normally grown using the rice bran-sawdust method, are cultivated using okara as a nutrient source, it will not be profitable. The combinations of sawdust and inoculum that could yield about 80 g/bottle of mushrooms were extremely limited.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a highly efficient method for artificially cultivating mushrooms that can avoid the above-mentioned disadvantage that the types of seed bacteria and sawdust that can be used are considerably limited when cultivating mushrooms using okara as a nutritional source. It's about doing.

[Means for solving problems]

The above object is achieved by mixing and adding grain powder other than soybean, such as bran, rice bran, and corn meal, together with okara and sawdust when individually packaging the culture medium.

[Effect]

Mushrooms called wood-destroying fungi, such as shimeji mushrooms, nameko mushrooms, and enokitake mushrooms, have the ability to acquire the substances necessary for growth by decomposing wood.

However, when a mixture of rice bran and sawdust is used as a medium, almost all the substances necessary for growth are obtained from the rice bran, and its decomposition rate is greater than that of wood, making it possible to harvest mushrooms in a short period of time. Become.

The same is true when okara is added as a nutrient source, but in order to achieve the desired mushroom yield, not only must mycelia spread in the medium during the cultivation period, but also appropriate conditions must be established for germination and growth after cultivation. This point must be taken care of,
When using a mixed medium of okara and sawdust, the combination of sawdust bacteria that gives the desired mushroom yield is quite limited. This may be due to the presence of substances that indicate these processes, or the lack of substances required for these processes.

On the other hand, if grain powders other than soybeans such as wheat bran and rice bran are added to the okara sawdust mixed medium, the growth inhibiting substances may be sequestered by the substances contained therein, or compounds that are missing from okara and sawdust alone may be added. An increase in mushroom yield is achieved because the mushrooms are supplied by grain powders other than soybeans such as bran and rice bran.

The present invention will be explained in more detail below.

Next, the present invention will be explained by taking as an example a container cultivation method for shimeji mushrooms using okara as a nutrient source and bran as an auxiliary additive. FIG. 1 shows an overview of the operation of the bottle cultivation method for shimeji mushrooms, which is carried out in the same manner as the conventional cultivation method except for the preparation of the medium.

When preparing the culture medium, add a predetermined amount of sawdust, okara, wheat bran, and water and mix well to reach a moisture content of 60 to 70.
% of the medium. The mixing ratio of sawdust is 10-40% on a dry weight basis: 5-40% = 60-8
It is desirable to set it to about 0%.

This mixing ratio varies depending on the quality of okara used, the sawdust, and the type of mushrooms being cultivated, but the total amount of okara and bran that serve as nutrients is 30% per bottle when using a cultivation bottle with an internal volume of 850 m1. ~100g, preferably adjusted to about 20-50% of the medium weight (dry basis).
If the amount added is too small, the mushroom yield will naturally decrease due to a lack of nutrients, while if the amount added is too high, the amount of sawdust, which has a large air holding capacity, will decrease, and the mycelium concentration in the part where the mycelium has grown will decrease. If it becomes too high, air supply will be suppressed, making it impossible for hyphae to extend throughout the layer, which is not preferable.

When bran is used as a mixed medium with sawdust,
The maximum mushroom yield is obtained at a mixing ratio of about 0 to 50%. However, when okara is used as the main nutrient source, it is desirable to keep the amount of bran added as low as possible, and from this point of view, the appropriate amount of bran added is 5 to 15% based on the dry weight of the medium. %.

The tree species for sawdust vary depending on the type of inoculum, etc., but in the case of shimeji, by using the method of the present invention, it is possible to use red pine, cedar, chestnut, zelkova, oak, cypress, beech, etc.
You will be able to use a wide variety of trees, including Spanish mackerel, Japanese larch, oak, horse chestnut, fir, maple, and cherry tree. This point is a major feature of the present invention, and by combining okara with auxiliary additives such as bran, it is possible to use a wide variety of tree species. Furthermore, the reason why the growth characteristics of mushrooms in the Okara sawdust mixed medium is significantly improved by the use of supplementary additives is that the growth-inhibiting substances for mushrooms caused by sawdust are blocked by the substances contained in the supplementary additives. It is thought that this is due to the fact that the nutrients that are missing from only Okara sawdust are supplied by wheat bran and the like.

After filling the cultivation bottle with the culture medium, a hole with a diameter of about 1.5 cm is made in the center of the bottle, and a cap is attached to the mouth of the bottle, as in the conventional method. Mushrooms are harvested by performing sterilization, seed inoculation, culturing, scratching, germination, and growth in the same manner as in conventional methods.

Next, the method of the present invention will be explained in more detail using specific examples, but the method of the present invention is not limited to Shimeji mushrooms and large oyster mushrooms (Enoki mushrooms, Nameko mushrooms, Shirotamogitake mushrooms, Tamogitake mushrooms). It can also be applied to various mushrooms such as , Kuritake, Maitake, and Tsuitake.

In addition, auxiliary additives are not limited to bran, rice bran, corn meal, etc., but various substances such as yeast, wheat germ, fishmeal, oil cake, meat juice, peptone, milogerm, milk, egg white, and activated carbon can be added to bran. It can be used for the same purpose. Furthermore, one or more of these may be used as a mixture in the medium as an auxiliary additive.

〔Example〕

Example 1 Mixing ratio of bran: okara is 0% on dry weight basis = 30
%, 2.5%: 27.5%, 5%: 25%, 10%:
20%, 15%: 15% and 30%: 0% (remaining 70%
% of beech sawdust) and water was added to a series of mixtures to prepare a medium with a water content of 65%. These have an internal volume of 85
0mA! 450-5 for each 3 polypropylene cultivation bottles
20 g each was packed, and then a hole with a diameter of 1.5 cm was made in the center of the medium, reaching the bottom of the bottle. After capping the mouth of the bottle, it was heat sterilized at 120° C. under saturated steam pressure for 1 hour.

After cooling, the inoculum (KR-1) grown in rice bran-sawdust medium
) Approximately 7 g was added to the hole in the center of the bottle and the top surface of the culture medium.After 15 to 20 days of inoculation, mycelia grew throughout the culture medium, but after 25 days, the fungus was scraped, and the culture bottle was heated to temperature 1 with the lid removed.
When the mushrooms were placed under the conditions of 3° C., humidity of 90 to 95%, and illuminance of 150 ux, mushrooms could be harvested 11 to 14 days after the mushrooms were scraped. Figure 2 shows the relationship between the bran/okara mixture ratio and mushroom yield. FIG. 2 shows that the mushroom yield is high when the amount of bran in the medium is 5 to 15% on a dry weight basis, especially when it is 8 to 12%. The maximum mushroom yield was 97.0 g/bottle when the amount of bran added was 10% (based on the weight of dry matter in the medium).

In addition, when the medium composition was 70% beech sawdust, 15% okara, and 15% bran on a dry weight basis, 81g, 78g, and 8g of mushrooms were grown from the three cultivation bottles after 14 days of fungal scraping, respectively.
Harvesting 5g (I was able to do it.)

Example 2 A cultivation test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the seed fungus KR-1 was changed to KR-2, and the average yield of mushrooms was 8.
It was 3g.

Example 3 The wood species of sawdust was changed from beech to cedar, and the mixing ratio was 64% sawdust, 24% Japanese porridge, and 12% wheat bran on a dry weight basis.
%, the medium moisture content was 65%, and the medium packed amount was 380 g. Other operations were performed in the same manner as in Example 1.
The average yield of mushrooms was 81 g.

Example 4 The same medium as in Example 1 was inoculated with Oyster mushroom inoculum, and 2
After culturing at 2°C for 25 days, the bacteria were scratched. temperature 1
When placed under conditions of 8° C. and 90-95% humidity, mushrooms could be harvested 11 days later with a yield of 85 g.

Example 5 A shimeji mushroom cultivation test was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that rice bran was used instead of bran. Mushrooms could be harvested 16 days after the mushrooms were scraped, and an average yield of 78 g was obtained.

Comparative Examples 1 to 4 The bran or rice bran in Examples 1.2.3 and 4 was replaced with an equal amount of okara, and therefore the culture medium materials were changed to only sawdust and okara, and a cultivation site test for shimeji mushrooms or large oyster mushrooms was conducted. The average mushroom yields were only 34g, 23g, 20g and 43g, respectively.

One of the basic principles of the method of the present invention is to sequester growth-inhibiting substances for mushrooms that are thought to be contained in sawdust with other substances, but more directly, this growth-inhibiting substance can be used to prepare mushroom beds. There is a way to remove it beforehand.

In fact, the beech and cedar sawdust shown in Examples 1 and 3 was generated when sawing raw wood, but water was added to it to form a slurry, and the sawdust was heated to 120°C under saturated steam pressure. After keeping for 2 hours, the mushrooms were drained and used for medium preparation, resulting in final mushroom yields of 83 g and 76 g, respectively. Incidentally, in order to remove the above-mentioned growth-inhibiting substances from raw logs in their natural state, it is usually necessary to expose them to the rain for about six months to a year and other processes.

〔Effect of the invention〕

According to the method of the present invention, growth inhibiting substances in sawdust are sequestered, and depending on the type of mushroom or sawdust, a nutritional source that is insufficient with okara alone is supplied, thereby increasing mushroom growth using okara as a nutritional source. Efficient cultivation becomes possible.

In particular, the types of sawdust that can be used have been expanded, and
The present invention has a great effect in that it frees the plant from the complicated and time-consuming task of removing growth-inhibiting substances by exposing it to the rain for about a year.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a process diagram showing an example of the method for cultivating mushrooms in sawdust bottles using okara as a nutrient source according to the present invention, and Fig. 2 shows a method of cultivating mushrooms using sawdust as a nutrient source according to the present invention. FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the bran/okara mixture ratio and the mushroom yield in the Shimeji mushroom cultivation method used, and FIG. 3 is a process diagram of a typical conventional sawdust cultivation method for Shimeji mushrooms. Agent Masaru Nishimoto, Patent Attorney - Figure 2 Fusu l Mekikara 5 Kon 6 (%/%)

Claims (4)

[Claims] (1) In an artificial cultivation method for mushrooms that uses okara, which is a by-product during tofu production, as a nutritional source, in addition to okara and sawdust, at least one of grain powders other than soybeans such as wheat bran, rice bran, and corn meal is used as a medium material. A method for artificially cultivating mushrooms, characterized by adding more than one type of mushroom to a medium. (2) Artificial cultivation of mushrooms according to claim (1), wherein the grain powder is made of bran, and the bran is contained in the medium in an amount of 5 to 15% on a dry weight basis. Method. (3) In claim (1), the grain powder is made of bran, and the ratio of okara: bran: sawdust is 10 to 40%: 5 to 40%: 60 to 80% on a dry weight basis.
% artificial cultivation method of mushrooms. (4) Artificial cultivation of mushrooms according to claim (2), wherein the grain powder is made of bran, and the bran is contained in the medium in an amount of 8 to 12% on a dry weight basis. Method.