JPH11196666A - Method of culturing a kind of mushroom (hohenbuehelia serotina) - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide the fruit bodies of a kind of mush room (Hohenbuehelia serotina) inexpensively in an industrial scale stably throughout the year by artificially culturing the mushroom in a culture medium prepared by using a moistening agent as saw dust, a variety of agricultural and food waste products as nutrient sources. SOLUTION: The moistening agent as saw dust, dried soybean curd waste or beer-brewing waste, or a combination thereof with other nutrient sources are mixed together with water and the mixture is sterilized with heat to prepare the culture medium for the mushroom. The spawns are inoculated to the culture medium, cultured at 15-35 deg.C thereby growing mycelium in the culture medium to prepare the mushroom bed in the fore-step process. Then, the mushroom bed is cultured at 10-24 deg.C, the relative humidity of >=80% under the illumination of' 50 500 lux to obtain the fruit bodies of the mushroom.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for artificially cultivating Mukittake. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for artificially cultivating Mukittake, in which fruit bodies of Mukittake can be stably obtained in a short time regardless of the season.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Mutaketake (Panellus sero)
(Tinus) is known to occur in nature in a large number of dead trees of various hardwoods in autumn. These mushrooms are medium in size, the umbrella is almost semicircular, the surface is viscous and covered with fine hair, and the mushrooms are often dull pale yellow. This mushroom is also known as a very delicious mushroom which is thick and slimy and produces a delicious dash.

[0003] As an artificial cultivation method of Mukitake,
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-1392 discloses that after inoculation of an inoculum of a mushroom into a solid culture medium containing sawdust and rice bran as main components, 15 to 30 ° C.
Pre-culturing step to obtain fruiting body generating groups by culturing for 33 to 50 days at 80% humidity and at a temperature of 1
A medium culture step of forming fruit body primordium from fruiting body generating group by keeping the substance at 0 to 20 ° C for 25 to 35 days, and then culturing the fruiting body primordium at a humidity of 80% or more, a temperature of 10 to 20 ° C, and an illuminance of 100 to 500 It describes a method for cultivating Mukitake mushrooms comprising a post-culturing step in which matured fruiting bodies are formed from fruiting body primordia while keeping them for 15 to 25 days.

In the above publication, as a component of the solid culture medium, a mixture of sawdust and rice bran, soybean meal or bran, ground barley, etc., which are usually used for artificial cultivation of mushrooms, is preferable. It is stated that it is desirable to use a mixture of rice bran and rice bran, and the examples use rice bran as a nutrient source. However, in this cultivation method, as described above, a very long cultivation at 15 to 30 ° C. for 33 to 50 days is required as a pre-culture step for obtaining a fruiting body generating group.

[0005] In addition to this publication, there are reports using corn bran, rice bran, and bran alone as nutrients for cultivation of Mukitake mushrooms, but all reports require a culture period of 30 days or more (Hokkaido Forestry Research Station) Report Vol.
2, 18-25, 1989, Agriculture and Horticulture Vol. 51,
No. 12, 190-192, 1996, Gunma Prefectural Forestry Experiment Station Operation Report Vol. 1991, 24-25, 199
2, Vol. 1994, 17, 1995, Vol.
1995, 57, 1996). Further, the report reports that when corn bran or bran is used as a nutrient source, it becomes bitter.

[0006]

As is clear from the recent trend of health and pesticide-free, it is said that demand for mushrooms, which are positioned as health foods and foods cultivated without pesticides, will surely increase in the future. . An object of the present invention is to artificially cultivate a mushroom in a water retention body such as sawdust and various agricultural products, and a medium prepared using food waste as a nutrient source, and to provide an annually stable, industrially and inexpensively less bitter fruit body of a mushroom. Is to provide.

[0007]

Means for Solving the Problems As a result of intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventor has found that at least one of dried okara or beer lees and a water retention body other than these are added to a water retaining body such as sawdust. A nutrient source and a medium mixed with water, after autoclaving, inoculating an inoculum of Mushroom, culturing at 15 to 35 ° C. for 10 to 30 days, and a pre-culturing step to obtain a bacterial bed in which hyphae were grown in the medium. The temperature of the bacterial bed is 10 to 20 ° C. and the humidity is 8
By culturing at 0 to 95 ° C. and an illuminance of 50 to 500 lux to obtain a fruit body of the mushroom, the fruit body of the mushroom with little bitterness can be stably harvested in a short period of time and with high yield. And completed the present invention.

[0008]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION In the present invention, as a water retaining body used for a culture medium, sawdust derived from conifers such as cedar, hinoki and pine, sawdust derived from broadleaf trees such as beech, oak and oak, and mushrooms in recent years Corn cob used as a substitute for sawdust in cultivation
In addition, commercially available bacterial bed materials and the like can be exemplified, and these may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

In the present invention, nutrients for cultivation used in the culture medium include either dry okara or beer lees;
Other nutrient sources besides these dried okara and beer lees are used. Examples of other nutrient sources include rice bran, general bran, dedicated bran, corn bran, and the like, which are usually used for cultivation of mushrooms. Of these, proprietary bran is particularly preferred. That is, as a nutrient source for cultivation,
It is more preferable to use a mixture of specialty bran and beer lees or a mixture of specialty bran and dried okara.

The mixing ratio of the water retaining body and the nutrient for cultivation is preferably in the range of 1: 3 to 3: 1 in terms of fresh weight ratio, and particularly preferably 2:
3 is preferred. Moreover, the water content is 60 per final medium.
It may be adjusted to about 70%, but more preferably about 65%. Furthermore, soybean hulls, dried yeast, pH adjusters and the like, which are usually used in mushroom cultivation, can also be added as a medium component.

[0011] The cultivation of Mukitake in the present invention comprises a pre-culture step and a post-culture step. The pre-culture step is a step of sufficiently growing mycelia of Mukitake in a medium to obtain a bacterial bed for forming fruiting bodies. Yes, the post-culturing step is a step in which the fruit body of the mushroom is formed on the upper part of the bacterial bed after the completion of the pre-culturing step.

In the pre-culture step, a medium containing a water retaining body, a nutrient for cultivation and water is autoclaved and then inoculated with an inoculum of Mushrooms at a temperature of 15 to 35 ° C, preferably 21 to 27 ° C, and a humidity of 21 to 27 ° C. This is a step of culturing at 40 to 80%, preferably around 70% under dark conditions, and spreading mycelia on the surface of the medium. The number of days of culture, that is, the number of days required for mycelia to spread on the surface of the culture medium varies depending on the size of the culture vessel used, the culture temperature, and the like, but is preferably 10 to 30 days. Not only does the total number of culture days increase, but the yield per medium does not increase.

[0013] The post-culturing step is, as described above, a step performed to form a fruit body of the mushroom on the upper portion of the bacterial bed after the completion of the pre-culturing step. That is, the bacterial bed obtained in the pre-culture step is adjusted to a water content of 40 to 80%, preferably 60 to 70%, and a temperature of 10 to 24 ° C, preferably 12 to 16 ° C, and a humidity of 80% or more, preferably 85 to 85%. 95%, illuminance of 50 lux or more, preferably 20 to 80 at 50 to 500 lux
If the culture is continued for a day, the fruit body of the mushroom is generated.

[0014] Further, at the time of shifting from the pre-culture step to the post-culture step, a fungus scraping treatment of scraping a mycelial layer of about 0.5 to 3 cm from the upper part of the bacterial bed, or pouring water on the upper part of the bacterial bed for about 20 minutes to 4 hours It is also possible to perform a water injection treatment in which the water is left and the remaining water is discarded. Furthermore, in order to approach the form of the fruiting body in a natural state, the bottle may be cultivated in an inclined state. As described above, in the present invention, by adopting the pre-cultivation step and the post-culture step, it is possible to obtain a fruit body that is very delicious and has little bitterness, which is the same as naturally occurring mushroom.

[0015]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. In the examples, "Mukitake (trade name)" sold by Tohoku Shiitake Mushroom Co., Ltd. as a seed fungus.
Was used.

Example 1 Exclusive bran and dried okara were used as nutrients for cultivation.
200 ml of tap water was added to 4.0 g of the mixture of 1.5 g of the dedicated bran bran and 1.5 g of dried okara, and the nutrient source and agar were dispersed so as to form a uniform suspension. 121 ° C,
After autoclaving for 15 minutes, 2
Each 5 ml was dispensed and solidified. Separately, mushrooms were cultured on a potato dextrose agar medium, punched out with a 6 mm diameter cork borer on the whole medium, placed on the center of a medium solidified as a mycelium pellet, cultured at 24 ° C., and 9 days later, the hyphal diameter was measured. . As a result, the hypha diameter was 34.5.
mm, showing a very good amount of hyphal elongation.

Example 2 The culture was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a mixture of 1.5 g of dedicated bran bran and 1.5 g of beer lees was used as a nutrient for cultivation. As a result, the mycelium diameter was 33.7 mm. Very good hyphal elongation was shown.

Example 3 Cultivation was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a mixture of 1.5 g of general bran and 1.5 g of dried okara was used as a nutrient for cultivation. The mycelium diameter was 29.6 mm. It showed good hyphal elongation.

Example 4 Cultivation was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a mixture of 1.5 g of common bran and 1.5 g of beer lees was used as a nutrient for cultivation. The mycelium diameter was 28.0 mm. It showed good hyphal elongation.

Example 5 As nutrients for cultivation, 1.5 g of rice bran and 1.5 parts of dried okara
The culture was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a mixture with g was used. As a result, the hypha diameter was 28.0 mm, and a good hyphal elongation was exhibited.

Example 6 The culture was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a mixture of 1.5 g of corn bran and 1.5 g of dried okara was used as a nutrient for cultivation. The hyphae had a diameter of 27.0 mm. It showed good hyphal elongation.

Comparative Example 1 Culture was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 3.0 g of rice bran was used as a nutrient for cultivation, and the hypha diameter was 21.7 m.
m.

Comparative Example 2 Culture was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 3.0 g of common bran was used as a nutrient for cultivation.
2.1 mm.

Comparative Example 3 Culture was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 3.0 g of a dedicated bran bran was used as a nutrient source for cultivation.
0.1 mm.

Comparative Example 4 Culture was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 3.0 g of corn bran was used as a nutrient for cultivation.
It was 9.9 mm.

Comparative Example 5 Culture was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 3.0 g of dried okara was used as a nutrient for cultivation.
It was 4.7 mm.

Comparative Example 6 Culture was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 3.0 g of beer lees was used as a nutrient for cultivation.
It was 8 mm.

Comparative Example 7 Culture was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a mixture of 1.5 g of corn bran and 1.5 g of common bran was used as a nutrient for cultivation. As a result, the hypha diameter was 23.6 mm. .

Comparative Example 8 Culture was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a mixture of 1.5 g of corn bran and 1.5 g of common bran was used as a nutrient for cultivation. As a result, the hypha diameter was 24.9 mm. .

Comparative Example 9 The culture was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a mixture of 1.5 g of dried okara and 1.5 g of beer lees was used as a nutrient for cultivation. As a result, the hypha diameter was 24.1 mm. .

As is evident from the above results, either one of dried okara and beer lees as a cultivation nutrient used for cultivation of Mukitake mushroom, and other nutrients except for dried okara and beer lees are used for cultivation. By using it as a source,
It can be seen that the growth of the mycelium of the mushroom is remarkably enhanced.
On the other hand, when using rice bran, dried okara, beer lees, general bran, dedicated bran, corn bran alone as a nutrient for cultivation, or combining nutrients not containing dry okara or beer lees, the nutrient for cultivation Or when dry okara and beer lees are combined as a nutrient source for cultivation, good growth of Mukittake mycelia is not observed.

Next, fruiting bodies of Mukitake were actually formed using a specialty bran and beer lees, one of the nutrient sources for cultivation, which showed the best results among the above examples. The method and results are shown below.

Example 7 A medium consisting of 10.1 g of beech sawdust, 2.6 g of beer lees, 2.6 g of dedicated bran and 19.7 g of tap water was used to prepare a medium having a diameter of 3 g.
This was filled into a 0 mm glass flat bottom test tube, and the test tube was capped with a polypropylene cap, sterilized under pressure at 121 ° C. for 50 minutes, and cooled to prepare a culture medium. This culture medium is inoculated with an inoculum of Mushroom, and the temperature is 25 to 27 ° C. and the humidity is 65 to 7 in a dark place.
Under the condition of 5%, the preculture was performed for 20 days, 25 days, respectively.
The test was performed for 30, 35, and 40 days. Next, the caps of the respective culture media having different pre-culture periods were removed, the bacteria were scraped about 0.5 cm from the upper portion of the bacterial bed, tap water was injected, left for 20 minutes, and the remaining water was removed. Moved to In the post-cultivation step, the cells were cultured under the conditions of a temperature of 13 to 15 ° C., a humidity of 80 to 95%, and an illuminance of 200 lux until the fruit body of the mushroom was formed. The resulting mushrooms were very delicious, as well as their natural state. Table 1 shows the yield of the obtained fruit bodies per 100 g of the medium, the total number of days required for cultivation, and the like.

Example 8 As a medium, 9.0 g of beech sawdust and 3.1 of beer lees were used.
g, 3.1 g of bran bran and 19.8 g of tap water, and the same procedure as in Example 7 was carried out, except that the preculture was carried out at a temperature of 21 to 23 ° C. The resulting mushrooms were very delicious, as well as their natural state. Obtained fruiting body medium 100
Table 1 shows the yield per g and the total number of days required for cultivation.

Example 9 The same procedure as in Example 8 was carried out except that the preculture was performed at a temperature of 23 to 25 ° C. The resulting mushrooms are in their natural state,
It was very delicious. Medium 10 of the obtained fruit body
Table 1 shows the yield per 0 g, the total number of days required for cultivation, and the like.

Example 10 The procedure of Example 8 was repeated, except that the preculture was performed at a temperature of 25 to 27 ° C. The resulting mushrooms are in their natural state,
It was very delicious. Medium 10 of the obtained fruit body
Table 1 shows the yield per 0 g, the total number of days required for cultivation, and the like.

[0037]

[Table 1]

As is evident from Table 1, it was found that the mushrooms could be stably cultivated at a high yield and in a short time using inexpensive materials. Further, even if the number of days of preculture is 30 days or more, not only the total number of days of culture becomes long, but also 100 g of medium.
It was found that the fruiting body yield per unit was the same or decreased.

[0039]

According to the cultivation method of the present invention, extremely delicious naturally occurring fruit body of Mukitake can be stably produced in a short time with high yield using inexpensive materials without being influenced by the season. Can be provided.

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[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] February 4, 1998

[Procedure amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0028

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

Comparative Example 7 As nutrients for cultivation, 1.5 g of rice bran and 1.5 g of common bran were used.
g of the mycelium was 23.6 mm when cultured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the mixture with g was used.

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A medium containing a water retaining body, a nutrient for cultivation comprising a combination of one of dried okara or beer lees and other nutrients other than the dried okara and beer lees, and a medium containing water after heat sterilization. , 15 to 3 after inoculating the seeds of Mukitake
A pre-culturing step of culturing at 5 ° C. to obtain a bacterial bed in which mycelia are grown in a medium, and culturing the bacterial bed at a temperature of 10 to 24 ° C., a humidity of 80% or more, and an illuminance of 50 to 500 lux, and transforming the fruit body of the mushroom And a post-culturing step. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the other nutrient source is a dedicated bran bran. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the culturing days in the pre-culturing step are 10 days or more and less than 30 days.