JP3190882B2 - オープンネットワーク販売システム及び方法 - Google Patents
オープンネットワーク販売システム及び方法Info
- Publication number
- JP3190882B2 JP3190882B2 JP15656598A JP15656598A JP3190882B2 JP 3190882 B2 JP3190882 B2 JP 3190882B2 JP 15656598 A JP15656598 A JP 15656598A JP 15656598 A JP15656598 A JP 15656598A JP 3190882 B2 JP3190882 B2 JP 3190882B2
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Classifications
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- G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
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-
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- G06Q20/04—Payment circuits
-
- G—PHYSICS
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- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
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- G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
- G06Q20/08—Payment architectures
- G06Q20/10—Payment architectures specially adapted for electronic funds transfer [EFT] systems; specially adapted for home banking systems
-
- G—PHYSICS
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- G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
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- G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
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-
- G—PHYSICS
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- G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
- G06Q20/38—Payment protocols; Details thereof
- G06Q20/40—Authorisation, e.g. identification of payer or payee, verification of customer or shop credentials; Review and approval of payers, e.g. check credit lines or negative lists
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- G06Q30/00—Commerce
- G06Q30/02—Marketing; Price estimation or determination; Fundraising
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q30/00—Commerce
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- G06Q30/0241—Advertisements
- G06Q30/0251—Targeted advertisements
-
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- G06Q30/00—Commerce
- G06Q30/02—Marketing; Price estimation or determination; Fundraising
- G06Q30/0241—Advertisements
- G06Q30/0251—Targeted advertisements
- G06Q30/0253—During e-commerce, i.e. online transactions
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- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q30/00—Commerce
- G06Q30/02—Marketing; Price estimation or determination; Fundraising
- G06Q30/0241—Advertisements
- G06Q30/0277—Online advertisement
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q30/00—Commerce
- G06Q30/06—Buying, selling or leasing transactions
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q30/00—Commerce
- G06Q30/06—Buying, selling or leasing transactions
- G06Q30/0601—Electronic shopping [e-shopping]
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q30/00—Commerce
- G06Q30/06—Buying, selling or leasing transactions
- G06Q30/0601—Electronic shopping [e-shopping]
- G06Q30/0609—Buyer or seller confidence or verification
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
- G07F7/00—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus
Landscapes
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Accounting & Taxation (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Finance (AREA)
- Strategic Management (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- General Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Development Economics (AREA)
- Economics (AREA)
- Marketing (AREA)
- Entrepreneurship & Innovation (AREA)
- Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
- Game Theory and Decision Science (AREA)
- Human Resources & Organizations (AREA)
- Operations Research (AREA)
- Quality & Reliability (AREA)
- Tourism & Hospitality (AREA)
- Financial Or Insurance-Related Operations Such As Payment And Settlement (AREA)
- Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
Description
ータネットワークに開する情報用途の最近の著しい成長
は、公衆コンピュータネットワークが商品とサービスに
おける新たな種類の開放された市場を形成する可能性が
あることを教唆している。このような市場は、複数の購
入者コンピュータと販売者用コンピュータ、販売者コン
ピュータからのディジタル広告を表示する、購入者コン
ピュータのユーザのための手段及びユーザがこの広告に
よって示される製品を取引する、ユーザのための手段か
らなるネットワーク販売システムで作り出せる可能性が
ある。ネットワークがベースになった販売システムは、
ユーザが殆ど、又は全く費用をかけずに製品を予め見る
ことができるようにし、しかも数多くの製品広告に従来
の手段を利用させなければならない。さらに、ショッピ
ングシステムは、ユーザが販売独立型支払い方法を用い
て所望の製品を取引するのに使用しやすい設備を含んで
いなければならない。さらにネットワークでの販売は新
規の購入者と販売者が市場に参入できなければならな
い。市場において、主に必要とされることは支払い機構
であるが、ユーザがクレジットカード、デビットカー
ド、普通預金口座残高のような従来の金融機関を使用で
きる現在の販売独立型の支払い機構は、コンピュータネ
ットワークに利用できない。顧客があまり大きくない取
引に小売りの機構を用い、銀行が取引におけるパートナ
ーとの間で決済を行なうのに卸売の機構を用いる状態で
小売り支払い機構と卸売り支払いの機構の双方がネット
ワークに必要とされる。小売りの機構が広い範囲で許容
されるためには、現在のクレジットカード、デビットカ
ード、及び自動手形交換所(Automated Cl
earing House)の設備の論理的な進化でな
ければならず、一方、卸売機構が許容されるためには、
法人の電子式資金移動システムの進化したバージョンで
なければならない。これらの問題が、過去において例え
ば各販売者が各ユーザごとの口座を保持するネットワー
クベース販売システムによってアプローチされてきた。
ユーザは、販売者を利用するために、前もって各販売者
に対して口座を開かなければならない。従来のネットワ
ークベース販売システムでは、ユーザが、現在のクレジ
ットカード及び支払いに対する普通預金口座を用いるこ
とができるように設計されていないし、プログラムがデ
ィジタル式広告に含まれることができるように設計され
ていない。従って、本発明の第1の目的はユーザが自由
に販売者を選択することができ、支払いに対して現在の
金融機関を利用できる、ユーザ会話型ネットワーク販売
システムを提供することである。別の目的は、高質なユ
ーザインターフェイスを提供し、ユーザに様々な大量の
広告を提供し、新しいサービスの拡大が容易になされ、
現在のシステムのインフラストラクチュアにおいて新し
い用途を容易に拡大できるネットワーク販売システムを
含む。本発明のさらに別の目的は、ペイメントオーダを
承認し、販売者から詐取される危険性の一部を取り除く
ことである。公衆コンピューターネットワークの避けが
たい特性は、公衆コンピュータネットワークが多くの個
人及び組織によって制御される、スイッチ、伝送及びホ
ストコンピュータ成分からなることである。このよう
に、ネットワークペイメントシステムが、特定された最
小限必要とされる程度のソフトウェア、ハードウェア、
及び公衆ネットワークにおけるすべての成分に対する物
理的セキュリティーに依存することは不可能である。例
えば、与えられたユーザのパーソナルコンピュータにス
トアされたシークレット鍵は危険にさらされ、スイッチ
は通信を再び送ることに関して干渉され、伝送設備は遮
断されて処理される。公衆ネットワークにおいて小売り
の支払いを実行する危険性は、ペイメントシステムのオ
ペレータがユーザのセキュリティを部分的に冒すことに
なる制定法によって一層大きくなる。電子資金移転法、
顧客クレジット保護法を含む、アメリカ合衆国の現在の
連邦制定法では、多くの場合において顧客の負債を制限
するためにペイメント機構のオペレータを必要とする。
ペイメントシステムのオペレータは卸売商取引のために
別の受託責務を有していてもよい。同様の責務が小売及
び卸売の商取引に関して他の国においても存在する。現
在のクレジットカードペイメントシステムにおいて、ク
レジットカードを発行する銀行は、販売者が作られたカ
ードの引き受けプロトコルに従うとき、このカードが過
って使用される際の搾取の危険性の責任を請け負う。引
き受けプロトコルは、カードの裏側の署名がカード持ち
主のものであることを確かめることと、所定の金額を超
えた支払いに対して承認を得ることを含む。しかしなが
ら、ネットワークベースの取引において、販売者は取引
クレジットカードを物理的に審査することができず、搾
取の危険性は、いわゆる“カードが存在しない”商取引
において販売者に逆もどりする可能性がある。多くの販
売者には、制限された財政源のためにこの危険性を負う
ことができない。このため、本発明は多くの販売者がネ
ットワークベースの取引に関与できるために重要であ
る。本発明の他の目的は、クレジットカード、デビット
カード及び販売者の支払いに対する普通預金残高のよう
な現在の金融機関を用いることを含む。現在のネットワ
ークペイメントシステムは、承認のための金融システム
に接続せず、従来の金融機関に適合しない。現在のネッ
トワークペイメントシステムは単純なネットワーク支払
いプロトコル〔ダッカシS.SNPP、シンプルなネッ
トワークペイメントプロトコル、コンピュータサイエン
スのMIT研究所、MA1993〕、サーブのインター
ネットビルサーバ〔サーブ、M.A.インターネットビ
ルサービスデザインおよびプロトコルタイプの実行、情
報ネットワークプログラム、カーネギーメロン大学、1
993〕、ネットキャッシュ〔メディビンスキ、G.と
ニューマン、B:C.、ネットキャッシュ:インターネ
ットプロトコルの実際的電子通貨の設計、1993年1
1月、第1回ACM Conf.on Com.and
Comm.セキュリティ〕を含む。さらに本発明の別
の目的は、委託されていないネットワーク環境において
ユーザが現在の金融システムネットワークの変更を必要
とせずに従来の金融機関を用いることができることであ
る。以下の定義は本発明に適用する。主体は人、会社、
機関またはネットワークペイメントシステムの一部とし
て商取引を行うよう承認されている別の物である。ペイ
メントオーダでは発送人の識別、支払い金額、受取人、
発送特定ノンスを記載する。発送人は主な支払いを行な
う主体である。受取人は、ペイメントシステムによって
支払われるべき主体である。発送人特定ノンスは与えら
れた発送人によって一度だけ用いられる識別子である。
発送人特定ノンスの例は特定のタイムスタンプである。
外部口座は外部金融システムにおける発送人又は受取人
のいずれかに対してペイメントオーダを設定するのに用
いることのできる口座である。外部口座の例は預金口座
及びクレジットカード口座を含む。外部デバイスは、ユ
ーザを職別することを目的とするための、ユーザに所有
されたままの物理的な対象物である。ネットワークペイ
メントシステムは、外部の口座によって裏書きされるデ
ィジタル式ペイメントオーダを承認し履行するサービス
である。ペイメントシステムはペイメントオーダ、十分
な資金またはクレジットに対する小切手を認証し、ペイ
メントオーダを実行するための資金移転商取引を開始す
る。ペイメントシステムはペイメントオーダの受け入れ
または拒絶を承認する。一つ以上のペイメントシステム
が与えられたネットワークに存在し、与えられたペイメ
ントシステムは一つ以上のホストで作動し、その信頼
性、有効性及び機能性を高める。認証手段はペイメント
オーダに添付されるディジタル値であり、真実としてペ
イメントオーダを承認するペイメントオーダの一部とな
る。本発明の概略 本発明は、ネットワークで複数の販売者コンピュータと
通信する複数の購入者コンピュータを用いてユーザが製
品を取引できるネットワーク販売システムに関する。各
販売者コンピュータはディジタル広告のデータベースを
有する。各ディジタル式広告は製品の値段と概要を含
む。購入者コンピュータは、リクエストし、ディスプレ
ーし、販売者コンピュータからのディジタル式広告に応
答する。ユーザは、取引に対して支払う口座を特定した
後、購入者コンピュータと製品を取引できる。ネットワ
ークペイメントサービスは、販売者の注文処理がなされ
る前にその取引を承認するのに用いられる。本発明の特
定の態様において、販売者コンピュータは、口座情報が
購入者コンピュータにより与えられないときに口座情報
を要求できる。本発明の別の態様において、購入者コン
ピュータは、ネットワークペイメントシステムから得ら
れる予め承認されたペイメントオーダを販売者に提示で
きる。本発明の別の態様において、電子販売システム
は、プログラムを含むディジタル広告を含む。このプロ
グラムは販売者コンピュータによってユーザに変わって
遂行され、製品の注文処理を実行する販売者コンピュー
タに送信される取引リクエストに導くことができる。本
発明の他の目的において、ネットワークペイメントシス
テムは、ペイメントオーダを実行する。ペイメントオー
ダは、発送人、受取人、支払い金額及びノンス識別子を
含む。ペイメントオーダは、ペイメントシステムによっ
てチェックされる認証手段でクライエントコンピュータ
によって署名される。ペイメントオーダは銀行システム
における口座によって裏書きされ、これらの預金状況を
知る金融承認ネットワークにメッセージを送ることによ
り、ネットワークペイメントシステムによって承認され
る。このペイメントシステムはメッセージを現在の金融
システムネットワークに送ることによって決済を行な
う。別の態様において、ペイメントオーダは特定される
送付アドレスに基づいて承認される。別の態様におい
て、ペイメントシステムは承認された法的な送付アドレ
スにおいて特定する。別の態様において、ペイメントオ
ーダの認証手段は、ユーザとペイメントシステムのみに
知られている一回きりの商取引の識別子に基づく。別の
態様において、与えられた発送人に対するペイメントオ
ーダは所定のクライエントコンピュータネットワークア
ドレスからのみ受け入れられる。別の態様において、ネ
ットワークペイメントシステムは、そのネットワークペ
イメントシステムがペイメントオーダを承認する前にメ
ッセージをリアルタイムで金融承認システムに送る。特定の好ましい実施例の詳細な説明 図1に示されているネットワーク販売システム200は
ネットワーク67を用いて複数の購入者コンピュータ6
1、62、販売者コンピュータ63、64、支払いコン
ピュータ68とを相互に接続しており、各販売者コンピ
ュータ63、64はそれぞれディジタル広告データベー
ス65、66を備えている。システムのユーザは購入者
コンピュータを用いて販売者コンピュータ63、64か
らの広告を取り出し、関心のある製品を取引する。支払
いコンピュータは取引トランザクションを承認するのに
用いられる。ディジタル式広告は、製品の種目と値段を
含む。ディジタル式広告のデータベース65において、
値段と種目は別に記憶されており、一つの値段を多くの
製品種目に適用してもよい。別の実施例において、ネッ
トワーク販売システムは、さらに、ユーザに所有された
ままである外部デバイスを含んでおり、ユーザが購入者
コンピュータを使用するときに自らを認証できるように
なっている。特定の好ましい実施例のもととなるソフト
ウェアアーキテクチュアは、広域情報システム(Wor
ld Wide Web)のハイパーテキストコンベン
ションに基づいている。アペンディックスAは、ディジ
タル式広告を表すのに用いられるハイパーテキストマー
クアップ言語(HTML)ドキュメントのフォーマット
を説明し、アペンディックスBは、モザイク2.0にお
けるHTMLのフォームを記入する際のサポートを説明
し、アペンディックスCは購入者コンピュータと販売者
コンピユータ間のハイパーテキスト通信プロトコル(H
TTP)の説明であり、アペンディックスDは、ドキュ
メントがURLs(Uniform Resource
Locators)でどのように名付けられているか
を説明する。ドキュメントは、テキスト、音声、及びビ
デオを含むマルチメディアドキュメント、及びプログラ
ムを含むドキュメントのような広い意味に分析される種
類のディジタルデータとして定義される。図2は、購入
者コンピュータによって販売者コンピュータから取り出
され、購入者コンピュータによって表示された概観的な
スクリーンを示す。これは、ユーザによって作動された
ときに、購入者コンピュータが特定の作動を起こすリン
ク1、2、及び3を含む。リンク1において、図3に示
されたドキュメントが販売者コンピュータから取り出さ
れて表示される。リンク2において、短い音声セグメン
トが販売者コンピュータから取り出されて表示される。
リンク3において、質問ダイアログボックス4に入力さ
れる質問が購入者コンピュータに送られ、ドキュメント
が販売者コンピュータから取り出されて表示される。図
3は、3つのディジタル広告を含むドキュメントを示
す。リンク3の作動後に、ディジタル広告が販売者コン
ピュータから取り出された。例えば、リクエストする購
入者コンピュータのネットワークアドレスによって決定
されるユーザの識別に基づいて、広告に含まれた値段を
販売者コンピュータが設定してもよい。ドキュメント
は、広告によって説明される製品を購入するのに用いら
れるリンク5、6、及び7を含む。例えば、リンク5が
作動する場合、図4に示されている空欄のペイメント情
報のドキュメントが販売者コンピュータから取り出され
て表示される。図4は、HTMLのフォームにおいて要
求された取引のユーザ口座情報を収集するのに用いられ
る空欄ペイメント情報ドキュメントである。ラジオボタ
ン8、9、10、11、12が支払いの手段を選択する
のに用いられ、ダイアログボックス13は口座番号を入
力するのに用いられ、ダイアログボックス14は口座に
対する任意的な認証を入力するのに用いられ、購入ボタ
ン15は、口座情報を販売者コンピュータに送り、取引
を処理するのに用いられ、リンク16はその取引を中止
し図2に示されたドキュメントに戻るのに用いられ、ダ
イアログボックス17はその取引に関連する任意的なユ
ーザを入力するのに用いられ、最終的にはこの取引トラ
ンザクションに対するテキスチャル支払い識別子の一部
として金融機関によって用いられる。もし与えられるの
であれば、この情報は取引に対するペイメントオーダに
含まれる。図5は、有効な口座情報が、図4の空欄のペ
イメント情報ドキュメントに提供されて取引ボタン15
が作動されると作り出される注文処理ドキュメント18
である。図6は、図2から図5に示された取引トランザ
クションにおける情報の流れをより完全に説明する。リ
ンク1を作動することからの初期のユーザの問い合わせ
19により、特定されたURLで特定ドキュメントのH
TTPリクエスト20となる。URLは販売者コンピュ
ータの名前を特定する。販売者コンピュータは、21で
URLで与えられたドキュメントを取り出し、これを2
2で購入者コンピュータに戻す。購入者コンピュータ
は、その結果得られたHTMLドキュメントを23で表
示する。ユーザがリンク5を作動すると、HTTPリク
エスト25が販売者コンピュータに送られ、ドキュメン
トをリクエストする。別の実施例において、ドキュメン
ト22は、プログラムとして23で実行される。プログ
ラムは、ユーザの行動または購入者コンピュータの環境
に基づいて条件付きの機能を表すことのできる一組のイ
ンスラクションとして定義される。当業者に公知のよう
に、データとしてプログラムを表すのに数多くの技術が
ある。このプログラムは購入者コンピュータによって通
訳されたりまたは直接実行させれることができる。実行
されたときのプログラムによって、購入者コンピュータ
がユーザと対話するようになり、ユーザ取引リクエスト
24及び取引メッセージ25に導く。次いで販売者コン
ピュータは、ユーザのまわりに収集された情報を用いて
26でペイメントオーダを構成しようとする。この購入
者コンピュータは、記入フォームが通常のユーザの通信
で購入者コンピュータのネットワークアドレスを提供す
るような別の口座識別手段を用いて、先に与えられた所
定の証明を有していてもよい。購入者コンピュータが、
26で完全なペイメントオーダを構成できる場合には、
27で承認されたペイメントコンピュータにペイメント
オーダが送られる。ペイメントオーダが構成できる場合
には処理が28に続く。或いは、購入者コンピュータは
24でペイメントオーダを構成し、これを25で販売者
コンピュータに送る。この場合、販売者コンピュータに
おける、ペイメントオーダの組立段階は、購入者コンピ
ュータからのペイメントオーダを送信することのみが必
要とされる。ペイメントオーダでは、ユーザの口座情
報、販売者の口座情報、料金、同一のユーザの口座に対
して先に使用されなかったノンスの識別子を含む。ペイ
メントオーダの変更例は、口座情報の代わりにユーザま
たは販売者の識別子を特性するペイメントオーダ、有効
時間を特定するペイメントオーダ、外国通貨を特定する
ペイメントオーダ及びコメントのストリングを含むペイ
メントオーダのように構成できる。ペイメントオーダを
構成するプロセスの一部分が、以下に記載する認証手段
の一つを用いて対応する認証手段を作り出す。図3及び
図4の図示した実施例において、販売者コンピュータは
26でペイメントオーダを構成するのに十分な情報を有
しておらず、このため33で(図7参照)リクエスト2
5に応答して空欄のペイメント情報ドキュメントを構成
して戻す。オペレーション33は、販売者コンピュータ
がユーザから既に収集したのはどんな情報かに基づい
て、構成されたドキュメント内に適当なフォームのフィ
ールドを含む。このドキュメントは、34で購入者コン
ピュータに戻されて35で表示される。ユーザが取引ボ
タン15を押すと、HTTPリクエストを用いて、フォ
ームの内容が販売者コンピュータに特定のURL名にた
いして36で通信される。供給されたフォームフィール
ドに基づいて、販売者コンピュータは完全なペイメント
オーダを構成する。或いは、購入者コンピュータは35
でペイメントオーダを構成し、段階36の一部として販
売者コンピュータに送る。この場合、販売者コンピュー
タにおけるペイメントオーダ組立段階37は、購入者コ
ンピュータからのペイメントオーダを単に通るだけであ
る。ペイメントオーダは、38においてメッセージで支
払いコンピュータに送られる。いずれの場合にも、フロ
ーチャートは図6に続き、支払いコンピュータは28で
ペイメントオーダの承認をチェックする。ペイメントシ
ステムがリクエストを承認する場合には、29において
承認メッセージが購入者コンピュータに戻されて、販売
者コンピュータは30で、以下に記載の認証機構を用い
て支払いコンピュータから承認メッセージが発せられた
ことをチェックする。承認メッセージが有効である場合
には、販売者コンピュータは、30で注文処理を実行
し、31で応答して取引された製品を戻す。図5の例に
おいて、31での応答は、リンク5の論理的なターゲッ
トであったドキュメント18である。ペイメントシステ
ムがペイメントオーダを承認しない場合には、31での
応答は、ユーザの取引リクエストを拒否する。別の実施
例において、段階30は、購入者コンピュータに知られ
ているキーを用いてドキュメントをコードに置換するこ
とができる。当業者に公知のように、このキーは、従来
のキー分散プロトコルを用いて販売者コンピュータに通
信できる。この手段において、ドキュメントが他のユー
ザに対して開示されることを防ぐ。30における注文処
理段階は、或いは通常の郵便または他の手段によって発
送されるように物理的製品のスケジュールをたてること
ができる。これは、注文処理リクエストデータベースを
更新したり、メッセージを発送システムに送ることによ
って達成できる。この場合、31での応答は製品が発送
されるスケージュールが立てられたことの確認である。
この方法において、ネットワーク販売システムは、電子
メールオーダシステムを手段とすることができる。図
8、9、10及び11は、ディジタル広告に対する質問
ベースアクセスを用いる第2の例を示す。先の例は同じ
購入者コンピュータでの直前にユーザによって用いられ
たと考える。図8は、質問“ムービーリビュー”がダイ
アログボックス39に入力された場合の概観スクリーン
を示す。ユーザがプロセスボタン40を作動すると、販
売者はボタン40に取りつけられたURLによって記載
されているようなデータベースを検索し、図9に示され
ている応答ドキュメントを作り出す。図9は、ボタン4
0によって初期化された質問に応答する際に見つけられ
たディジタル広告39、40、41、42、43及び4
4を示す。スクロールバー45は示されていない別のデ
ィジタル広告があることを示す。リンク46は作動され
ると、図10に示された空欄の口座情報ドキュメントが
販売者コンピュータによって戻される。図10は、販売
者コンピュータが購入者の口座に部分的な情報を有する
ことを示す。メッセージ47は、販売者コンピュータが
既に購買者の口座番号を知っていることを示している。
取引ボタン48は、ダイアログボックス50内の任意的
なユーザリファレンスストリングを、ボタン48の後ろ
側のURLによって記述されている販売者コンピュータ
に送り、ディジタル式広告39に対応する製品を取り引
きする。キャンセルリンク49は、ユーザを図2に示し
たドキュメントに戻す。取引ボタン48が作動される
と、ドキュメント51が販売者コンピュータによって送
られ、図11に示すように購入者コンピュータによって
表示される。図12は、販売トランザクションを処理す
る別の方法を示す。この方法において、ユーザが52で
取引をリクエストし、購入者コンピュータは53でペイ
メントオーダを構成し、これを認証のために54で支払
いコンピュータに送る。支払いコンピュータは55でペ
イメントオーダを認証する。ペイメントオーダが認証さ
れると、支払いコンピュータがペイメントオーダが有効
である偽造不可能な認証を56で戻す。このような偽造
不可能な認証を作り出す手段が以下の番号1の証明方法
に記載されている。段階55において、ペイメントオー
ダが承認されなければ、拒絶メッセージが56で送ら
れ、販売トランザクションが終了する。次いで、購入者
コンピュータは57に進み、予め承認された取引リクエ
ストを販売者コンピュータに送る。偽造不可能な証明5
6が57で取引メッセージ内に含まれており58で販売
者コンピュータに送られる。予め承認されたペイメント
オーダに基づいて、販売者コンピュータは59で注文処
理を実行し60で製品を戻す。変更例において、販売者
コンピュータは59でペイメントオーダが以前用いられ
なかったとを確かめるためにチェックする。このこと
は、支払いコンピュータでチェックしたり、先に受け入
れられたペイメントオーダの販売者コンピュータのデー
タベースを維持することによって達成される。段階56
で形成された偽造不可能な証明では、ユーザ口座情報を
含む必要はない。この変更は、ユーザが取引を行うこと
を希望し販売者に対して不明な状態のままである場合に
有益である。ネットワークペイメントシステム 図13に見られるようにネットワークペイメントシステ
ム300は、公衆パケット交換ネットワーク69を用い
て複数のクライアントコンピュータ70、71と72の
ような複数の支払いコンピュータを相互に接続するのに
用いられており、それぞれの支払いコンピュータは口座
データベース73、決済データベース74、承認された
アドレスデータベース75、発送人信用証明データベー
ス76、金融システムインターフェイス77、及びリア
ルタイムでの承認インターフェイス78を有する。イン
ターフェイス77、78は単一の通信ラインによって実
行されてもよい。別の実施例において、ネットワークペ
イメントシステムは、さらにユーザに所有されたままの
外部デバイスを含んでおり、ユーザが購入者コンピュー
タを使用するときに認証することができる。口座データ
ベース73は、現在使用した金額のような一時的な使用
金額を維持し、一時的な使用限界も保持できる。口座デ
ータベースは、また主体の識別子と外部の口座識別子と
の間の翻訳も保持できる。決済データベース74は、イ
ンターフェイス78から得られた、オーダの認証情報と
ともに委任されたペイメントオーダを記録する。アドレ
スデータベース75は各発送人毎に承認された購入者コ
ンピュータと送付アドレスとのリストを保持する。信用
認証データベース76は、主体の証明と主体を認証する
のに用いることのできる情報のリストを保持する。図1
4は、ペイメントシステムの操作を述べるフローチャー
トである。クライエントコンピュータ71は79でペイ
メントオーダを構成し、計算し、80で認証手段をペイ
メントオーダに加える。ペイメントオーダは81で支払
いコンピュータに送られ、承認が82で確認されて、ペ
イメントオーダが記載する発送人によって始まったこと
を確認する。以下に、80と82を実行する異なる手段
を示す。ペイメントオーダが認証されアドレス規制が望
まれる場合には、83でクライエントコンピュータまた
は特定“された送付アドレスのいずれか、または双方が
アドレスデータベース75に対してチェックされること
ができる。アドレス規制が望まれて、ペイメントオーダ
内のアドレスがデータベース内にない場合には、支払い
コンピュータが拒絶メッセージをクライエントコンピュ
ータに送る。アドレスデータベース75は、各主体ごと
に受入れ可能なクライエントコンピュータアドレスと送
付アドレスを特定する。送付アドレスは、ネットワーク
アドレス、またはパッケージされた製品に対するストリ
ートアドレスとできる。公知のように、データベース7
5は決め手となる仕様と、サイズを小さくするための同
様の技術を含むことができる。例えば、データベース7
5は、法的な送付アドレスを規制する本人の識別子“*
@acme.com”を“computer:*.co
m”、“computer:cmu.edu”および
“surface:*、34メインストリート、エニー
タウン、米国”にする入口を含み、Acme社における
如何なるユーザもAcmeまたはCMU大学のネットワ
ークアドレスまたは、34メインストリート、エニータ
ウン米国の誰かに送付されるべき製品を注文できる。ペ
イメントオーダアドレス規制が望まれなかったり、また
はチェックされなかった場合には、処理が84で継続さ
れて、ペイメントオーダがリプレーと一時的な支出制限
をチェックする。決済データベース74においてノンス
によって委託されたペイメントオーダのインデックスを
チェックすることによって、送付人がペイメントオーダ
を同一ノンスで先に提示しなかったことを確かめること
によってリプレーがチェックされる。ノンスが時間に依
る場合には、管理上決定された値よりも古いペイメント
オーダが不要になって拒絶される。時間ベースのノンス
またはシーケンシャルなノンスによって古いノンスが決
済データベース74から取り除かれる。ペイメントオー
ダが先に処理されたり、またノンスが古すぎる場合には
ペイメントオーダコンピュータは拒絶メッセージをクラ
イエントに送る。ペイメントオーダがリプレーチェック
を通ると、口座データベース73において一時的な支出
規制がチェックされる。これらの支出制限が送り主ご
と、送り主のグループごと、また搾取の危険を規制する
ためのペイメントシステムベースごとに適用できる。こ
の制限は、例えば時間ごとに、または日ごとの最高使用
額のように、どんな時間の長さにも適用できる。ペイメ
ントオーダが支出制限を破る場合には支払いコンピュー
タは拒絶メッセージをクライエントに送る。84でペイ
メントオーダが一時的な支出チェックを通ると、85で
メッセージが、送り主のペイメントシステム口座を裏付
ける外部口座が適当な預金、またはクレジットを有する
ことをチェックするように構成される。ペイメントオー
ダにおける送付人識別子が既に外部金融機関の口座番号
でない場合には、口座データベース73を用いて外部金
融機関において対応する口座番号に変えられる。リアル
タイムでの承認リクエストメッセージが86でインター
フェース78を通して外部金融機関に送られる。外部金
融システムが承認リクエスト86を承認する場合には、
86で外部金融システムは承認リクエストを承認し、認
証メッセージが87で戻る。リクエスト86が承認され
ない場合には、支払いコンピュータは87で拒絶メッセ
ージをクライエントに送付する。上述のアプローチの変
更例において、処理が84の後95で続く。95でリア
ルタイムの承認は、最後のリアルタイムの承認後、送り
人の支払いの全額が所定額に達するときのみ得られる。
すなわちペイメントオーダが所定金額を越えるときのみ
得られる。これらの所定値はデータベース73をベース
にして依頼人ごとに任意的に記録される、即ち全依頼人
に対して管理上決定できる。この手段において、外部金
融機関に対するメッセージの数が減少する。さらに、ペ
イメントシステムは、リスクがペイメントシステムオペ
レータに受け入れられた場合には、小額の支払いに対す
るリアルタイムでの承認リクエストを行なわないように
できる。リアルタイムの承認が必要である場合には、9
5の後に85の処理が続く。リアルタイムでの承認がリ
クエストに対して必要でない場合には、100でペイメ
ントオーダの全額がデータベース73における最後のリ
アルタイムの承認後の送付人の全支払い金額に加えら
れ、処理が88で継続する。100の後の別の変更例に
おいて、チェックが101でデータベース73内でなさ
れ背景の承認プロセスがスケジュールされるべきかどう
かを判断する。背景の承認プロセスによって支払いコン
ピュータは、送付人口座に関して金融承認ネットワーク
でチェックしながら、通常のプロセスを継続できる。こ
の機構はペイメントシステムのリスクを規制するのに用
いることができる。背景の承認が失敗する場合には、口
座は更新データベース73によって停止される。最後の
承認以後の送付人の全支払いが73に記憶された所定値
を越える場合には、背景の承認プロセスが102でスケ
ジュールされる。或いは、プロセスが88で継続する。
別の変更例において、95、101において承認が最後
の承認後に費された料金と最後の承認以後の時間とに基
づいて得られる。88においてペイメントオーダは遂行
を委託され、決済データベース74内に記録される。デ
ータベース74内においてペイメントオーダに記録され
るのは、支払いコンピュータが遠隔した金融システムと
接触したこを表す承認メッセージ87の一部分である。
ペイメントオーダの料金がデータベース73内で処理さ
れる一時的な支出記録に加えられ、承認メッセージがク
ライエントコンピュータに90で送られる。承認メッセ
ージはペイメントオーダを含む。別の実施例において、
90において承認メッセージは、少なくともペイメント
オーダの送付人とペイメントオーダの特定ノンスを含む
縮小化したペイメントオーダを含む。別の実施例におい
て、90でクライエントに送られた承認メッセージは、
データベース75から決定されるように送付人の少なく
とも一つの法的送付アドレスを含む。承認メッセージ9
0は、支払いコンピュータからのものであることをクラ
イエントが確かめることができるような手段で送信され
る。89でペイメントシステムの特定の認証手段がペイ
メントオーダに加えられる。91で、この認証手段がク
ライエントコンピュータによってチェックされる。89
における段階は、段階80の2倍であり、91での段階
は段階82の2倍である。段階89、91の認証手段は
以下に記載する。最後に、送付人と受取人に対応する外
部口座間での外部金融システム77において92で決済
が実行される。リアルタイムのデビットネットワークに
おいて発生するように決済が段階86、87でリアルタ
イムの承認の一部として達成されると、別の段階が行な
われる必要はない。決済が、承認プロセスの一部として
達成されない場合には、金融システムメッセージがイン
ターフェイス77に送られて決済を行なう。含まれてい
る外部口座に従って、これらのメッセージが電子式資金
移動メッセージまたは自動化された手形交換所のメッセ
ージを含んでいればよい。別の実施例において、92に
おいて、決済メッセージが送られて、例えば1日1回の
時間的なベースに基づいて主体の間のネット移転残高に
一致させる。この実施例において、決済メッセージの数
はペイメントオーダの数よりも少ない。以下の方法のう
ちの一つを用いて認証が行なわれてチェックされてもよ
い。ペイメントコンピュータは最初の4つの方法を用い
ることができ、クライエントコンピュータは記載する方
法のいかなる方法を用いてもよい。認証手段の第1の方
法において、段階80、または89において、RSAの
ような公開鍵暗号方式を用いて送付コンピュータによっ
てペイメントオーダのダイジェストが署名される。この
署名は認証手段として用いられる。公知のように、対の
公開鍵から作られるプライベート鍵を用いて署名がなさ
れ、署名鍵は署名者のみしか知られず、別の公開鍵は、
受取コンピュータに知られている。支払いコンピュータ
において、各送付人に対応する公開鍵は信用証明データ
ベース76に保持されたままである。ペイメントサービ
スのプライベート鍵もデータベース76内に保持されて
いる。段階82、または91において、受け取られたメ
ッセージの署名は、受信したコンピュータに知られてい
る公開鍵を用いてチェックされる。認証手段の第2の方
法において、段階80または89において、ペイメント
オーダのダイジェストがDESのような公開鍵暗号シス
テムを用いて発送コンピュータによって署名される。こ
の署名は認証手段として用いられる。ペイメントコンピ
ュータにおいて、各送付人に対応するプライベート鍵が
信用証明データベース76内に保持されている。段階8
0において、ペイメントオーダのダイジュストがクライ
エントコンピュータによって署名されて、段階89にお
いて追加されたアプローバルコードを有するペイメント
オーダのダイジェストが、同じプライベート鍵を用いて
支払いコンピュータによって署名される。段階82、ま
た91において、受け取ったメッセージの署名が共用プ
ライベート鍵を用いてチェックされる。認証手段の第3
の方法において、段階80において、スマートカードの
ようなシステムの外部の保護デバイスによって認証手段
が計算される。保護デバイスは特に、反復して妥協する
ことの双方が困難であるように設計される。この方法に
おいて、ペイメントオーダは80でスマートカードに通
信する。スマートカードは、ペイメントオーダのダイジ
ェストを計算し署名し、認証手段として用いられるよう
に80で裏書きされた署名を通信する。スマートカード
が作り出した認証手段は、ペイメントオーダとそのスマ
ートカードとを独特に組み合わされる。このことは、ペ
イメントオーダのディジタル署名を作り出すのに用いら
れるシークレット鍵“K”を含むスマートカードを有す
ることによって達成される。“K”はスマートカードの
外で解除されることはない。スマートカードは、デバイ
スを所有しているときでさえ、“K”を計算不可能にさ
せるように構成されている。この方法において、段階8
2においてデータベース76からの署名チェック鍵は認
証手段をチェックするのに用いられる。別の実施例にお
いて、ユーザは、認証手段が外部デバイスによって作ら
れる前に、外部デバイスの一部である入力デバイスに各
ペイメントオーダを受け入れることを手動で合図を送ら
なければならない。認証手段に対する第4の方法におい
て、段階80または89において、ネットワークアドレ
スが認証手段として用いられる。段階82、または91
において、ペイメントオーダのダイジェストがランダム
パスワードとともに特定されたネットワークアドレスに
戻される。特定されたネットワークアドレスにおいてコ
ンピュータはパスワードとともにペイメントオーダダイ
ジェストを戻さなければならない。ネットワークが、適
当なネットワークアドレスにメッセージを送るように保
証する場合には、この方法は、特定ネットワークにおけ
るユーザ、またはコンピュータがペイメントオーダを許
可するようになる。ネットワーク送付が信用されると、
この方法をペイメントオーダにおける送付人コンピュー
タのネットワークアドレスを認証するのに用いることが
できる。あるいは、電子メールがユーザシステムとペイ
メントシステム間での確認メッセージを送るのに用いる
ことができる。認証手段の第5の方法において、段階8
0において、認証手段は、特定のデバイスである予測不
可能なトランザクション識別子のシーケンスを作りだす
外部デバイスによって作り出される。認証手段はユーザ
によって、そのディスプレーを読み取ることによってク
ライエントコンピュータに入力される。このようなデバ
イスの一つが米国特許第4、856、062号に記載さ
れている。この方法によれば、段階91において、認証
手段は、データベース76内に保持されているデバイス
の特定の送付人の固定コードを用いてチェックできる。
この段階のシーケンスは、また段階93、94で図15
にも示されている。認証手段の第6の方法において、段
階80において認証手段は、一回の承認ストリングの物
理的リストからの次のストリングであるトランザクショ
ン識別子に対してユーザに質問することによって得られ
る。このようなリストはカード上に作られ、ユーザは使
用される承認ストリングを抹消できる。この方法によれ
ば、段階91において、認証手段がデータベス76を用
いて、送付人からの次のストリングに対してチェックさ
れる。データベース76は各送付人毎にランダムな認証
ストリングのリストを保持したり、これまでどれだけの
ストリングが用いられたかということに加えて認証手段
のストリングのリストを作り出すのに用いられた送付人
特定のシークレット鍵を保持できる。認証手段の第7の
方法において、段階80では、認証手段がユーザのパー
ソナル識別番号(PIN)を先に得る。この方法におい
て、91において、データベース76を用いて認証手段
が、送付人のPINに対してチェックされる。当業者に
は公知のように、認証手段を作り出すいかなる方法も共
に用いられてシステムの安全性を高める。例えば、第6
の認証方法では、トランザクション識別子に基づいた認
証手段を作りだし、トランザクション識別子を含むペイ
メントオーダが第1の認証方法を用いてさらに認証手段
に与えられる。この例において、認証手段は、各方法で
チェックされる。ペイメントオーダのダイジェストはM
D5のようなアルゴリズムで作らることができる(R.
リヴェスト,MD5メッセージダイジェストアルゴリズ
ム、コンピュータサイエンスのMIT研究所、ネットワ
ークワーキンググループリクエストコメント132
1)。あるいはダイジェストは完全なペイメントオーダ
またはペイメントオーダの成分の別の要因とできる。さ
らに、販売とペイメントシステムの双方において、19
83年6月発行のコンピュティングサーヴェー第15、
2の“高レベルネットワークプロトコルにおけるセーフ
ティ機構”においてヴォイドック及びケントによって記
載されているように、別の認証技術を用いることができ
る。当業者には明らかなように2方向に認証されるバイ
トストリーム、即ちリプレーに対して保護するリモート
プロシジャコールのインターフェイス接続をメッセージ
ベースの認証手段に置き換えることができる。加法、減
法、削除及び上述の実施例の他の変形例は以下の請求の
範囲内にあることが当業者には公知である。
図面ともに明白になるであろう。
ステムのブロック図である。
者コンピュータディスプレーのスクリーンスナップ図で
ある。
告のページの購入者コンッピュータのディスプレーのス
クリーンスナップ図である。
スプレーのスクリーンスナップ図である。
スプレーのスクリーンスナップ図である。
販売処理を表すフローチャートである。
トオーダ手段の別の処理を表すフローチャートである。
ュータからの大要ページの購入者コンピュータのスクリ
ーンスナップ図である。
購入者コンピュータのディスプレーのスクリーンスナッ
プ図である。
のスクリーンスナツプ図である。
スプレーのスクリーンスナップ図である。
購入者コンピュータと販売者コンピュータとの間の販売
の別の処理を表すフローチャートである。
メントシステムのブロック線図である。
表すフローチァートである。
合のペイメントオーダの認証と確認の別の処理を表すフ
ローチャートである。
の許可が得られない場合のペイメントオーダの承認の別
の処理を表すフローチャートである。
Claims (9)
- 【請求項1】複数の購入者コンピュータと、複数の販売
者コンピュータとからなり、前記複数の購入者コンピュ
ータと前記複数の販売者コンピュータは、公衆パケット
交換通信ネットワークによって相互接続された、取引ト
ランザクションのリアルタイムでの承認を行うオープン
ネットワーク販売システムにおいて、前記各購入者コン
ピュータは、ユーザリクエストに応答して取引メッセー
ジを前記公衆パケット交換通信ネットワーク上で前記販
売者コンピュータの少なくとも一つに送信し、実際の貨
幣価値を有する商品の購入を承認する承認メッセージを
ペイメントシステムによって生成するために、支払い額
を含むペイメントリクエストを前記公衆パケット交換通
信ネットワーク上で該ペイメントシステムに送信するよ
うにプログラムされており、 前記販売者コンピュータの少なくとも一つは、前記取引
メッセージと前記承認メッセージを受け取って、支払い
を行う主体が利用できる外部クレジットカード口座又は
実際の貨幣的価値に対して十分なクレジット或いは資金
を有する外部デマンドデポジット口座に基づいてリアル
タイムで承認された前記取引トランザクションに条件付
けられた主体に商品を送るようにプログラムされてお
り、 販売者コンピュータが受け取ったメッセージは、少なく
とも一つのディジタル署名を含んだコンポーネントを含
み、該ディジタル署名の少なくとも一つは、該メッセー
ジの発行者の同一人性の証明を含み該メッセージを偽造
から保護するものであり、前記ディジタル署名の少なく
とも一つは、前記ペイメントシステムに特有の秘密キー
に基づいて計算されるものであり、 前記販売者コンピュータが受け取ったメッセージは、該
メッセージから前記販売者コンピュータが前記外部クレ
ジットカード口座又は外部デマンドデポジット口座の番
号を番号を計算できないように構成された、ことを特徴
とする販売システム。 - 【請求項2】 請求項1に記載のネットワーク販売シス
テムであって、 前記複数の販売者コンピュータは、データベースにディ
ジタル広告をストアするようにプログラムされており、 前記購入者コンピュータの各々は、該購入者コンピュー
タの一つにおけるユーザ問い合わせを受け、該ユーザ問
い合わせに応答して前記販売者コンピュータの一つを選
択し、この選択した販売者コンピュータにネットワーク
リクエストを公衆パケット交換通信ネットワーク上で送
信するようにプログラムされており、 前記販売者コンピュータの少なくとも一つは、前記購入
者コンピュータからの前記ネットワークリクエストに応
答して前記ディジタル広告の一つを前記購入者コンピュ
ータの前記一つに前記公衆パケット交換通信ネットワー
ク上で通信するようにプログラムされており、 前記購入者コンピュータの前記一つは、前記ディジタル
広告の前記一つをディスプレイするようにプログラムさ
れており、 実際の貨幣的価値を持った商品が前記ディジタル広告の
前記一つに広告されている、ことを特徴とする販売シス
テム。 - 【請求項3】 請求項1に記載のネットワーク販売シス
テムであって、前記ペイメントシステムは、前記公衆パ
ケット交換通信ネットワークの外部の取引トランザクシ
ョンをリアルタイムで承認するようにプログラムされた
金融承認ネットワークを備えることを特徴とする販売シ
ステム。 - 【請求項4】 請求項1に記載のネットワーク販売シス
テムであって、 前記ディジタル署名の少なくとも一つは前記販売者コン
ピュータから受け取ったメッセージをリプレイアタック
から保護するものであり、 前記販売者コンピュータの前記一つは、メッセージが先
に公衆パケット交換通信ネットワーク上で送信されたメ
ッセージのリプレイでないことを条件に商品が送られる
ようにするようにプログラムされた、ことを特徴とする
販売システム。 - 【請求項5】 請求項1に記載のネットワーク販売シス
テムであって、前記購入者コンピュータの前記一つは、
ペイメントリクエストを含む情報と承認の記録を開始す
るために該ペイメントリクエストを前記ペイメントシス
テムに送信するようにプログラムされたことを特徴とす
る販売システム。 - 【請求項6】 請求項5に記載のネットワーク販売シス
テムであって、前記ペイメントリクエストを含む情報と
承認は決済データベースに記録されるようになったこと
を特徴とする販売システム。 - 【請求項7】 請求項1に記載のネットワーク販売シス
テムであって、前記購入者コンピュータの各々は、ペイ
メントリクエストが前記ペイメントシステムに送信され
る前に取引メッセージを前記販売者コンピュータの一つ
に送信するようにプログラムされたことを特徴とする販
売システム。 - 【請求項8】 請求項1に記載のネットワーク販売シス
テムであって、前記購入者コンピュータの各々は、ペイ
メントリクエストが前記ペイメントシステムに送信され
た後に取引メッセージを前記販売者コンピュータの一つ
に送信するようにプログラムされたことを特徴とする販
売システム。 - 【請求項9】 公衆パケット交換通信ネットワークによ
り互いに接続された複数の購入者コンピュータと複数の
販売者コンピュータを備えるネットワーク販売システム
上で取引トランザクションにリアルタイムで承認を与え
るための方法であって、 ユーザリクエストに応答して、取引メッセージを前記購
入者コンピュータの一つから前記販売者コンピュータの
一つに前記公衆パケット交換通信ネットワーク上で送信
し、支払い額を含むペイメントリクエストを前記公衆パ
ケット交換通信ネットワーク上でペイメントシステムに
送信して該ペイメントシステムにおいて実際の貨幣的価
値を有する商品の取引を承認する承認メッセージの生成
を開始させ、 前記取引メッセージの少なくとも一つと前記承認メッセ
ージを受けて、支払いを行う主体が利用できる外部クレ
ジットカード口座又は実際の貨幣的価値に対して十分な
クレジット或いは資金を有する外部デマンドデポジット
口座に基づいてリアルタイムで承認された前記取引トラ
ンザクションに条件付けられた主体に商品を送るように
する段階からなり、 前記販売者コンピュータが受けるメッセージは、少なく
とも一つのディジタル署名を含んだコンポーネントを含
み、該ディジタル署名の少なくとも一つは、該メッセー
ジの発行者の同一人性の証明を含み該メッセージを偽造
から保護するものであり、前記ディジタル署名の少なく
とも一つは、前記ペイメントシステムに特有の秘密キー
に基づいて計算されるものであり、 前記販売者コンピュータが受け取ったメッセージは、該
メッセージから前記販売者コンピュータが前記外部クレ
ジットカード口座又は外部デマンドデポジット口座の番
号を計算できないように構成されたものである、方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US16851993A | 1993-12-16 | 1993-12-16 | |
US168519 | 1993-12-16 |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP51690695A Division JP3367675B2 (ja) | 1993-12-16 | 1994-12-13 | オープンネットワーク販売システム及び取引トランザクションのリアルタイムでの承認を行う方法 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH10312434A JPH10312434A (ja) | 1998-11-24 |
JP3190882B2 true JP3190882B2 (ja) | 2001-07-23 |
Family
ID=22611825
Family Applications (5)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP51690695A Expired - Fee Related JP3367675B2 (ja) | 1993-12-16 | 1994-12-13 | オープンネットワーク販売システム及び取引トランザクションのリアルタイムでの承認を行う方法 |
JP15656498A Expired - Lifetime JP3190881B2 (ja) | 1993-12-16 | 1998-04-28 | オープンネットワークによる支払いシステム及び方法 |
JP15656598A Expired - Lifetime JP3190882B2 (ja) | 1993-12-16 | 1998-04-28 | オープンネットワーク販売システム及び方法 |
JP15656398A Expired - Fee Related JP3260693B2 (ja) | 1993-12-16 | 1998-04-28 | オープンネットワーク支払いシステム及び方法 |
JP2002267886A Pending JP2003157402A (ja) | 1993-12-16 | 2002-09-13 | オープンネットワーク販売システム及び取引トランザクションのリアルタイムでの承認を行う方法 |
Family Applications Before (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP51690695A Expired - Fee Related JP3367675B2 (ja) | 1993-12-16 | 1994-12-13 | オープンネットワーク販売システム及び取引トランザクションのリアルタイムでの承認を行う方法 |
JP15656498A Expired - Lifetime JP3190881B2 (ja) | 1993-12-16 | 1998-04-28 | オープンネットワークによる支払いシステム及び方法 |
Family Applications After (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP15656398A Expired - Fee Related JP3260693B2 (ja) | 1993-12-16 | 1998-04-28 | オープンネットワーク支払いシステム及び方法 |
JP2002267886A Pending JP2003157402A (ja) | 1993-12-16 | 2002-09-13 | オープンネットワーク販売システム及び取引トランザクションのリアルタイムでの承認を行う方法 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (6) | US5724424A (ja) |
EP (2) | EP1235177A3 (ja) |
JP (5) | JP3367675B2 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69431306T2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1995016971A1 (ja) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1235177A2 (en) | 2002-08-28 |
DE69431306D1 (de) | 2002-10-10 |
US6205437B1 (en) | 2001-03-20 |
JP3260693B2 (ja) | 2002-02-25 |
JP2003157402A (ja) | 2003-05-30 |
JP3367675B2 (ja) | 2003-01-14 |
US6199051B1 (en) | 2001-03-06 |
JPH10312434A (ja) | 1998-11-24 |
EP0734556B1 (en) | 2002-09-04 |
JPH1196243A (ja) | 1999-04-09 |
US6195649B1 (en) | 2001-02-27 |
EP0734556A1 (en) | 1996-10-02 |
DE69431306T2 (de) | 2003-05-15 |
US6049785A (en) | 2000-04-11 |
EP1235177A3 (en) | 2003-10-08 |
WO1995016971A1 (en) | 1995-06-22 |
US20100057561A1 (en) | 2010-03-04 |
JPH10312433A (ja) | 1998-11-24 |
EP0734556A4 (en) | 1998-07-01 |
JP3190881B2 (ja) | 2001-07-23 |
JPH09500470A (ja) | 1997-01-14 |
US5724424A (en) | 1998-03-03 |
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