JP2022507056A - リチウム化遷移金属酸化物を製造するためのプロセス - Google Patents
リチウム化遷移金属酸化物を製造するためのプロセス Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 6
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 71
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 55
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 lithium halide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium acetate Chemical compound [Li+].CC([O-])=O XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000032 lithium hydrogen carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- HPGPEWYJWRWDTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium peroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][O-] HPGPEWYJWRWDTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium sulfate Inorganic materials [Li+].[Li+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- HQRPHMAXFVUBJX-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].OC([O-])=O HQRPHMAXFVUBJX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- RBTVSNLYYIMMKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 3-aminoazetidine-1-carboxylate;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CC(C)(C)OC(=O)N1CC(N)C1 RBTVSNLYYIMMKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000683250 Argentinidae Species 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 abstract description 23
- 239000011262 electrochemically active material Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000006057 Non-nutritive feed additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910015872 LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000840 electrochemical analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ni+2] BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011143 downstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 2
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000819038 Chichester Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000892865 Heros Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920006370 Kynar Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910012820 LiCoO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013282 LiNiMO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017223 Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100342486 Oryza sativa subsp. japonica KSL10 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001479 atomic absorption spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002354 inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+) phosphate Chemical class [Fe+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000386 microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003455 mixed metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013014 purified material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001350 scanning transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003746 solid phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Nickelates
- C01G53/42—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Nickelates
- C01G53/42—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/50—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2, Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
-
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- B01J6/00—Heat treatments such as Calcining; Fusing ; Pyrolysis
- B01J6/008—Pyrolysis reactions
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- B01J6/00—Heat treatments such as Calcining; Fusing ; Pyrolysis
- B01J6/001—Calcining
- B01J6/004—Calcining using hot gas streams in which the material is moved
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- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
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- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00548—Flow
- B01J2208/00557—Flow controlling the residence time inside the reactor vessel
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00654—Controlling the process by measures relating to the particulate material
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- C01P2002/80—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2018年11月9日に出願された米国仮出願第62/757,875号に基づき、優先権を主張し、その全内容は参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
活性材料前駆体を、精製した水酸化ニッケルを使用して形成する。6.7gの水酸化ニッケル(米国特許第6,432,580号および同第6,444,363号に記載されている)、3.35gの水酸化リチウム(LiOH*H2O)、および0.1gのK2CO3(2重量%(水酸化ニッケルに対して))。SPEX CETRIPREP 8000ミキサー/ミラーを使用して、材料を20分間乾式混合して均一にする。対照として、組成的に同一の材料を、K2CO3を除いて形成する。
LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2のリチウム化カソード材料を、5グラムの前駆体Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1(OH)2を、1.4グラムのLiOHおよび0.1gのK2CO3(2重量%(混合金属水酸化物に対して))に添加することによって調製する。対照の材料は、同様ではあるが、K2CO3が存在しない状態で形成する。材料は、SPEX CETRIPREP 8000ミキサー/ミラーを使用して、20分間、機械的に混合する。次いで、得られた粉末混合物を850℃で15時間焼結する。次いで、得られたリチウム化複合材料を25℃に冷却する。
Claims (22)
- リチウム化遷移金属酸化物粒子を形成するためのプロセスであって、
1つ以上の遷移金属前駆体と、リチウム化合物と、カリウムを含む加工添加剤とを混合して、活性材料前駆体を形成することと、
酸化性雰囲気中で、前記活性材料前駆体を、700℃以上の温度に加熱することであって、グレインサイズを有する複数の一次粒子を有するリチウム化遷移金属酸化物を形成するのに十分な焼成時間加熱する、加熱することと、を含む、プロセス。 - 前記加工添加剤が、カリウムの炭酸塩または水酸化物、あるいはそれらの組み合わせを含む、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記一次粒子が、2μm以上のグレインサイズを有する、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記一次粒子が、4μm~15μmのグレインサイズを有する、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記リチウム化遷移金属酸化物を結合剤と混合することをさらに含む、請求項1~4のいずれか一項以上に記載のプロセス。
- 前記活性材料前駆体におけるリチウムの遷移金属に対するモル比が、0.8~1.1である、請求項1~4のいずれか一項以上に記載のプロセス。
- 前記加工添加剤が、0.1重量パーセント~10重量パーセントで存在する、請求項1~4のいずれか一項以上に記載のプロセス。
- 前記遷移金属前駆体が、Ni、Co、Mn、Al、Mg、Ti、Zr、Nb、Hf、V、Cr、Sn、Cu、Mo、W、Fe、Si、Zn、B、他の遷移金属、希土類元素、またはそれらの組み合わせを含む、請求項1~4のいずれか一項以上に記載のプロセス。
- 前記リチウム化合物が、水酸化リチウム、酸化リチウム、炭酸リチウム、硝酸リチウム、硫酸リチウム、酢酸リチウム、過酸化リチウム、炭酸水素リチウム、ハロゲン化リチウム、およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項1~4のいずれか一項以上に記載のプロセス。
- 前記リチウム化遷移金属酸化物粒子を粉砕することをさらに含む、請求項1~4のいずれか一項以上に記載のプロセス。
- 前記加熱ステップが、流動床焼成炉、ロータリーキルン、またはローラーハースキルン内に存在する、請求項1~4のいずれか一項以上に記載のプロセス。
- 前記酸化性雰囲気が、酸素富化雰囲気である、請求項1~4のいずれか一項以上に記載のプロセス。
- 前記リチウム化遷移金属酸化物が、40ニュートン未満の粉砕強度を有する、請求項1~4のいずれか一項以上に記載のプロセス。
- 前記温度が、700℃~1000℃である、請求項1~4のいずれか一項以上に記載のプロセス。
- 前記時間が、0.2~60時間である、請求項1~4のいずれか一項以上に記載のプロセス。
- リチウム化遷移金属酸化物を形成するためのプロセスであって、
ニッケル含有材料とリチウム化合物とを相互混合して、活性材料前駆体を形成することと、
酸化性雰囲気中で、前記活性材料前駆体を、700℃以上の温度に加熱することであって、第1のグレインサイズを有する複数の一次粒子を有する第1のリチウム化遷移金属酸化物粒子を形成するのに十分な焼成時間加熱する、加熱することと、
前記第1のリチウム化遷移金属酸化物粒子を、カリウムを含む加工添加剤と相互混合して、第2のリチウム化遷移金属酸化物粒子を形成することと、
前記第2の活性材料前駆体を、酸化性雰囲気中で700℃以上の温度に加熱して粒子を形成することと、を含み、それにより前記複数の一次粒子が第2のグレインサイズを有し、それにより前記第2のグレインサイズが前記第1のグレインサイズよりも大きい、プロセス。 - 前記第2のリチウム化遷移金属酸化物が、2μm以上の第2のグレインサイズを有する複数の一次粒子を有する、請求項16に記載のプロセス。
- 前記第2のグレインサイズが、6μm~15μmである、請求項16のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記ニッケル含有材料が、一酸化ニッケル、水酸化ニッケル、オキシ水酸化ニッケル、三二酸化ニッケル、炭酸ニッケル、硝酸ニッケル、またはそれらの任意の組み合わせを含む、請求項16~18のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記ニッケル含有材料が、Al、Co、Mn、またはそれらの任意の組み合わせをさらに含む、請求項16~18のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記リチウム化合物が、水酸化リチウム、酸化リチウム、炭酸リチウム、硝酸リチウム、硫酸リチウム、酢酸リチウム、過酸化リチウム、炭酸水素リチウム、ハロゲン化リチウム、およびそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項16~18のいずれか一項以上に記載のプロセス。
- 前記加工添加剤が、全体として活性材料前駆体の0.5重量パーセント~5重量パーセントで存在する、請求項16~18のいずれか一項に記載のプロセス。
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