JP2022088424A - 多層アセンブリ - Google Patents
多層アセンブリ Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2022088424A JP2022088424A JP2022035319A JP2022035319A JP2022088424A JP 2022088424 A JP2022088424 A JP 2022088424A JP 2022035319 A JP2022035319 A JP 2022035319A JP 2022035319 A JP2022035319 A JP 2022035319A JP 2022088424 A JP2022088424 A JP 2022088424A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- group
- layer
- lithium
- composition
- metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- -1 trifluoroethylene, trifluorochloroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 13
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004423 acyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)OC LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Imidazolium Chemical compound C1=C[NH+]=CN1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 2
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperidine Chemical group C1CCNCC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Pyrrolidinium ion Chemical compound C1CC[NH2+]C1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000005215 alkyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- DKNRELLLVOYIIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide;1-methyl-1-propylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCC[N+]1(C)CCCC1.FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F DKNRELLLVOYIIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroethene Chemical compound FC=C XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O pyridinium Chemical compound C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 2
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O sulfonium Chemical compound [SH3+] RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 2
- FRGPKMWIYVTFIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(3-isocyanatopropyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCN=C=O FRGPKMWIYVTFIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc oxide Inorganic materials [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 20
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 19
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 13
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 101000666901 Oxyuranus scutellatus scutellatus Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor taicotoxin Proteins 0.000 description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCOC(=O)C=C OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910013872 LiPF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 101150058243 Lipf gene Proteins 0.000 description 4
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910003473 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoropropylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GWZMWHWAWHPNHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxypropyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(O)COC(=O)C=C GWZMWHWAWHPNHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluoroform Chemical compound FC(F)F XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000123 silicon containing inorganic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 2
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WDEZYHHMIZHERM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-bis(fluoranyl)ethene Chemical group FC(F)=C.FC(F)=C WDEZYHHMIZHERM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YQFWGCSKGJMGHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-1-propylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCC[N+]1(C)CCCC1 YQFWGCSKGJMGHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N C[CH]O Chemical group C[CH]O GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical group F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003003 Li-S Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006373 Solef Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetone Substances CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009739 binding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- UUAGAQFQZIEFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrifluoroethylene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)Cl UUAGAQFQZIEFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001913 cyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007607 die coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002573 ethenylidene group Chemical group [*]=C=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N formic acid Substances OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007756 gravure coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920005684 linear copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012982 microporous membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920005596 polymer binder Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002491 polymer binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007763 reverse roll coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006126 semicrystalline polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/14—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/043—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
- B32B15/082—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin comprising vinyl resins; comprising acrylic resins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/20—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising aluminium or copper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
- B32B27/20—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using fillers, pigments, thixotroping agents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
- B32B27/304—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl halide (co)polymers, e.g. PVC, PVDC, PVF, PVDF
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2016年2月19日出願の欧州特許出願第16156507.2号に対する優先権を主張するものであり、この出願の全内容は、すべての目的のために参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
- リチウム金属、ナトリウム金属、マグネシウム金属、亜鉛金属、ケイ素又はスズとのこれらの合金から実質的になる金属層(a)であって、第1の表面及び第2の表面を含む金属層(a)と、
- 金属層(a)の前記第1の表面及び第2の表面の少なくとも1つに接着するコーティング層(b)と、
を含む多層アセンブリを提供し、
この場合に、(b)は、
i.式(I)
X4-mAYm (I)
(式中、Xは、任意選択により1つ以上の官能基を含む炭化水素基であり、mは1~4の整数であり、Aは、Si、Ti、及びZrからなる群から選択される要素であり、且つ、Yは、アルコキシ基、アシルオキシ基、及び水酸基からなる群から選択される加水分解性基である)の化合物(M)、並びに、
ii.ビニリデンジフルオリド(VDF)に由来する繰り返し単位と、少なくとも1つの基-O-Rx及び/又は-C(O)O-Rx(式中、Rxはそれぞれ、任意選択により互いに独立して、水素基又は少なくとも1つの水酸基を含むC1~C5炭化水素基である)を有する少なくともモノマー(R1’)に由来する繰り返し単位と、を含む少なくとも1つのフルオロコポリマー(F)を反応させることによって得られるハイブリッド無機/有機組成物を含み、
前記化合物(M)と前記フルオロコポリマー(F)との反応によって、化合物(M)の重縮合に由来する無機残基は、コポリマー(F)の基-O-Rx及び/又は-C(O)O-Rxとの反応を介して少なくとも部分的に化学的にコポリマー(F)に結合され、且つ、(b)は、任意選択により、
iii.電解質塩(ES-1)、及び/又は
iv.イオン液体(IL-1)を含む。
i.第1の表面及び第2の表面を含む金属層(a)を提供する工程と、
ii.式(I)
X4-mAYm (I)
(式中、Xは、任意選択により1つ以上の官能基を含む炭化水素基であり、mは1~4の整数であり、Aは、Si、Ti、及びZrからなる群から選択される要素であり、且つ、Yは、アルコキシ基、アシルオキシ基、及び水酸基からなる群から選択される加水分解性基である)の化合物(M)を提供する工程と、
iii.任意選択により電解質塩(ES-1)との及び/又はイオン液体(IL-1)との混合物において、液体媒体(L1)と、ビニリデンジフルオリド(VDF)に由来する繰り返し単位と少なくとも1つの基-O-Rx及び/又は-C(O)O-Rx(式中、Rxはそれぞれ、任意選択により互いに独立して、水素基又は少なくとも1つの水酸基を含むC1~C5炭化水素基である)を有する少なくともモノマー(R1’)に由来する繰り返し単位とを含む少なくとも1つのフルオロコポリマー(F)と、を含む組成物(C-1)と(M)を混合して、組成物(C)を得る工程と、
iv.湿潤コーティング層を得るために、工程(iii)で得られた組成物(C)で、層(a)の前記第1の表面及び第2の表面の少なくとも1つをコーティングする工程と、
v.液体媒体(L1)を除去して、化合物(M)に由来する無機残基がコポリマー(F)の-O-Rx及び/又は-C(O)O-Rxに由来する基と結合している多層材料を得る工程と、
を含む。
(式中、
- R1、R2、及びR3は、互いに等しく又は異なり、独立して、水素原子、及びC1~C3炭化水素基から選択され、
- ROHは、水素原子、又は少なくとも1つの水酸基を含むC1~C5炭化水素部位である)を有する少なくとも1つの(メタ)アクリルモノマー(MA)に由来する繰り返し単位(R1’)を含む。
(式中、
- R’1、R’2、及びR’3は、水素原子であり、
- R’OHは、水素原子、又は少なくとも1つの水酸基を含むC1~C5炭化水素部位である)に適合する。
- 式:
のヒドロキシエチルアクリレート(HEA)、
- 式:
のいずれかの2-ヒドロキシプロピルアクリレート(HPA)、
- 及びこれらの混合物から選択される。
i.リチウム金属、ナトリウム金属、マグネシウム金属、亜鉛金属、或いはシリコン又はスズとのこれらの合金から実質的になる金属層(a)を提供する工程と、
ii.式(I)
X4-mAYm (I)
(式中、Xは、任意選択により1つ以上の官能基を含む炭化水素基であり、mは1~4の整数であり、Aは、Si、Ti、及びZrからなる群から選択される要素であり、且つ、Yは、アルコキシ基、アシルオキシ基、及び水酸基からなる群から選択される加水分解性基である)の化合物(M)を提供する工程と、
iii.任意選択により電解質塩(ES-1)との及び/又はイオン液体(IL-1)との混合物において、液体媒体(L1)と、ビニリデンジフルオリド(VDF)に由来する繰り返し単位と少なくとも1つの基-O-Rx及び/又は-C(O)O-Rx(式中、Rxはそれぞれ、任意選択により互いに独立して、水素基又は少なくとも1つの水酸基を含むC1~C5炭化水素基である)を有する少なくともモノマー(R1’)に由来する繰り返し単位とを含む少なくとも1つのフルオロコポリマー(F)と、を含む組成物(C-1)と(M)を混合して、組成物(C)を得る工程と、
iv.工程iiiで得られた組成物(C)で層(a)の少なくとも1つの側をコーティングする工程と、
v.液体媒体(L1)を除去して、化合物(M)に由来する無機残基がコポリマー(F)の-O-Rx及び/又は-C(O)O-Rxに由来する基と結合している多層材料を得る工程と、
を含む。
原材料
- リチウム金属箔(Sigma)、厚さ0.38mm、純度99.9%
- リチウム塩:リチウムビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミド(LiTFSI)(Solvay)純度>99.9%
- オルトケイ酸テトラエチル(Sigma)純度≧99.0%
- ギ酸(Sigma)純度≧98%
- イオン液体 N-プロピル-N-メチルピロリジニウムビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミド(Solvionic(登録商標))純度99.5%
- 3-(トリエトキシシリル)プロピルイソシアネート(TSPI)(Sigma)純度>94.5%
- マンガン(III)アセチルアセトネート(Sigma)、工業グレード
- THF テトラヒドロフラン(Carlo Erba)>99.9%
- DMSO ジメチルスルホキシド(Sigma)>99.9%
- DMF N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド(Sigma)>99.8%
- アセトン(Carlo Erba)>99.6%
- LFP(LiFePO4)Life Power(登録商標)P2(Phostec)、LFP>90%、炭素0~4%
- SuperC65(Imerys)炭素含有量>99.5重量%
- PVDF-HFP-HEA(ターポリマー)
システムI:ハイブリッドPVDFターポリマー(ゾル-ゲル)+電解質溶液
システムH:ハイブリッドPVDFターポリマー(ゾル-ゲル)のみ
モレキュラーシーブをTHFに入れていかなる微量の水をも除去する。PVDFターポリマーPVDF-HFP-HEA(F)を、還流下にて45℃でTHFに溶解する。次いで、溶液を室温まで冷却する。次いで、Mn(III)AA(PVDF-HEAにおけるTSPIの結合反応の触媒)を加え、室温(RT)で10分間混合する。TSPIを加え、溶液を還流下にて60℃で90分間加熱し、次いで室温(RT)まで冷却する。
電解質溶液:PYR13TFSI中0.5MのLiTFSI
電解質溶液をグローブボックス内のガラス瓶にて調製する。PYR13TFSIとLiTFSIをグローブボックスに保管する。一般的には、イオン液体を、グローブボックスに導入する前に脱気する。調製した時点で、電解質溶液を周囲雰囲気下で保存する。こうして得た電解質溶液は、25℃で2.4×10-3S/cmのイオン伝導率を有する。
上述のように得られたFポリマー溶液を、グローブボックス内の瓶に入れる。TEOS及び(システムIにおいてのみ)電解質を、溶液に加え、室温で15分間混合する。
この第3の部は、グローブボックス又は乾燥室で調製する。この溶液をリチウム金属にキャストし、室温で10分間乾燥させ、次いで100℃で20分間加熱する。
自立したポリマー層を、Selectilyte(商標)LP30電解質エチレンカーボネート/ジメチルカーボネート1:1LiPF61M電解質に24時間浸漬した。次いで、これを1/2インチのステンレス鋼スウェジロックセルプロトタイプ(Swagelok-cell prototype)に入れた。以下の式を用いて、ポリマー層の抵抗を測定しイオン伝導率(σ)を得た:σ=d/(RbxS)
(式中、dはフィルムの厚さであり、Rbはバルク抵抗であり、Sはステンレス鋼電極の面積である)。
リチウムのデンドライト試験の目的は、リチウムのデンドライトの形成及び貫通に対する耐性の点から、様々なポリマーリチウムコーティングを判別することである。この試験は、ポリマーでコーティングされたリチウムディスク作用電極(直径14mm)及びリチウム対電極(リチウム源)を有する2電極ガラスセルにおいて行った。Tonenポリプロピレン標準リチウムイオン電池セパレータ(厚さ20ミクロン)を作用電極に置き、金属スクリューでセルを閉じることによって電極に締め付けた。セパレータを、電解質エチレンカーボネート/ジメチルカーボネート1:1LiPF61Mで含浸した。対電極を約10mmの距離に置いた。対電極、作用電極、及びセパレータを、更なる電解質エチレンカーボネート/ジメチルカーボネート1:1LiPF61Mに浸漬し、こうしてすべての電池成分のイオン的接触を可能にした。-10mAの一定電流を2つの電極の間に印加して、作用電極にリチウムを堆積させた。電池はガラス製であるため、セパレータを通るリチウムのデンドライトの発生は、目視検査によって評価することができる。リチウムのデンドライトがセパレータ表面から見えるようになると試験を停止した。より長い期間の試験は、より耐性のあるコーティングと相関する。
セパレータを通るデンドライトの貫通が見えるまでの時間(h)を、様々なリチウム電極について表1に報告する。
電池の製造
電池は、保護されたリチウム金属、セパレータ、電解質、及び正極から構成された。
Claims (13)
- - リチウム金属、ナトリウム金属、マグネシウム金属、亜鉛金属、ケイ素又はスズとのこれらの合金から実質的になる金属層(a)であって、第1の表面及び第2の表面を含む金属層(a)と、
- 金属層(a)の前記第1の表面及び第2の表面の少なくとも1つに接着するコーティング層(b)と、
を含む多層アセンブリであって、
(b)は、
i.式(I)
X4-mAYm (I)
(式中、Xは、任意選択により1つ以上の官能基を含む炭化水素基であり、mは1~4の整数であり、Aは、Si、Ti、及びZrからなる群から選択される要素であり、且つ、Yは、アルコキシ基、アシルオキシ基、及び水酸基からなる群から選択される加水分解性基である)の化合物(M)、並びに、
ii.ビニリデンジフルオリド(VDF)に由来する繰り返し単位と、少なくとも1つの基-O-Rx及び/又は-C(O)O-Rx(式中、Rxはそれぞれ、任意選択に、互いに独立して、水素基であるか又は少なくとも1つの水酸基を含むC1~C5炭化水素基である)を有する少なくともモノマー(R1’)に由来する繰り返し単位と、を含む少なくとも1つのフルオロコポリマー(F)を反応させることによって得られるハイブリッド無機/有機組成物を含み、
前記化合物(M)と前記フルオロコポリマー(F)との反応によって、化合物(M)の重縮合に由来する無機残基は、コポリマー(F)の基-O-Rx及び/又は-C(O)O-Rxとの反応を介して少なくとも部分的に化学的にコポリマー(F)に結合され、且つ、(b)は、任意選択により、
iii.電解質塩(ES-1)、及び/又は
iv.イオン液体(IL-1)を含む、多層アセンブリ。 - 任意選択により前記アルコキシ鎖に官能基を有するアルコキシシラン、好ましくは、テトラメトキシシラン(TMOS)、テトラエトキシシラン(TEOS)、3-(トリエトキシシリル)プロピルイソシアネート(TSPI)、又はこれらの混合物である化合物(M)と、コポリマー(F)との反応によって、層(b)が得られる、請求項1に記載の多層アセンブリ。
- (b)は、無機酸化物、好ましくはSiO2、TiO2、ZnO、Al2O3、及び混合酸化物、アルカリ金属又はアルカリ土類金属のサルフェート、カーボネート、スルフィド、又はこれらの混合物から選択される少なくとも1つの固体無機充填剤を含む、請求項1又は2に記載の多層アセンブリ。
- 前記フルオロコポリマー(F)は、少なくとも(R1’)と異なるモノマー(R2’)を更に含む、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の多層アセンブリ。
- 前記コポリマー(F)における前記少なくとも1つのモノマー(R2’)は、ビニルフルオリド、トリフルオロエチレン、トリフルオロクロロエチレン、テトラフルオロエチレン、ヘキサフルオロプロピレン、フルオロアルキルビニルエーテル、及びこれらの混合物から選択される、請求項5に記載の多層アセンブリ。
- 前記電解質塩(ES-1)は、リチウム塩、好ましくはリチウムビストリフルオロメタンスルホンイミド及び/又はリチウムビス(フルオロスルホニル)イミドである、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の多層アセンブリ。
- 前記イオン液体(IL)は、スルホニウムイオン又はイミダゾリウム、ピリジニウム、ピロリジニウム又はピペリジニウム環をカチオンとして含むものから選択され、前記環は、窒素原子において置換されてもよく、ハライドアニオン、ペルフルオロ化アニオン、及びボレートから選択されるものをアニオンとして含み、好ましくは、(IL)は、Pyr13TFSI(N-プロピル-N-メチルピロリジニウムビス(トリフルオロメタンスルホニル)イミド)である、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の多層アセンブリ。
- i.第1の表面及び第2の表面を含む金属層(a)を提供する工程と、
ii.式(I)
X4-mAYm (I)
(式中、Xは、任意選択により1つ以上の官能基を含む炭化水素基であり、mは1~4の整数であり、Aは、Si、Ti、及びZrからなる群から選択される要素であり、且つ、Yは、アルコキシ基、アシルオキシ基、及び水酸基からなる群から選択される加水分解性基である)の化合物(M)を提供する工程と、
iii.任意選択により電解質塩(ES-1)との及び/又はイオン液体(IL-1)との混合物において、液体媒体(L1)と、ビニリデンジフルオリド(VDF)に由来する繰り返し単位と少なくとも1つの基-O-Rx及び/又は-C(O)O-Rx(式中、Rxはそれぞれ、任意選択により互いに独立して、水素基であるか又は少なくとも1つの水酸基を含むC1~C5炭化水素基である)を有する少なくともモノマー(R1’)に由来する繰り返し単位とを含む少なくとも1つのフルオロコポリマー(F)と、を含む組成物(C-1)と(M)を混合して、組成物(C)を得る工程と、
iv.湿潤コーティング層を得るために、工程iiiで得られた組成物(C)で、層(a)の前記第1の表面及び第2の表面の少なくとも1つをコーティングする工程と、
v.前記液体媒体(L1)を除去して、化合物(M)に由来する前記無機残基がコポリマー(F)の-O-Rx及び/又は-C(O)O-Rxに由来する基と結合している多層材料を得る工程と、
を含む、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の多層アセンブリの調製プロセス。 - 前記組成物(C-1)は、テトラヒドロフラン(THF)、ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)などの環式及び直鎖型エーテル、エチレン又はプロピレンカーボネートなどのアルキレンカーボネート、エチレングリコール又はプロピレングリコールのアルキルエーテル、及びこれらの混合物を含む少なくとも非プロトン性有機溶媒を含む、請求項9に記載のプロセス。
- 工程iiiにおいて、前記組成物(C-1)は、電解質組成物(EC-1)、電解質塩(ES-1)、イオン液体(IL-1)、又は(ES-1)と(ES-2)の混合物と混合される、請求項9又は10に記載のプロセス。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の多層アセンブリを含む電気化学セル。
- 充電式又は一次リチウム金属電池の形態の、請求項12に記載の電気化学セル。
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