JP2021536098A - リチウム二次電池用正極材の製造方法、及びこれにより製造されたリチウム二次電池用正極材 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池用正極材の製造方法、及びこれにより製造されたリチウム二次電池用正極材 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2021536098A JP2021536098A JP2020571518A JP2020571518A JP2021536098A JP 2021536098 A JP2021536098 A JP 2021536098A JP 2020571518 A JP2020571518 A JP 2020571518A JP 2020571518 A JP2020571518 A JP 2020571518A JP 2021536098 A JP2021536098 A JP 2021536098A
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- positive electrode
- active material
- electrode active
- lithium
- electrode material
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- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 228
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 17
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
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- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 22
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- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 9
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- SEVNKUSLDMZOTL-UHFFFAOYSA-H cobalt(2+);manganese(2+);nickel(2+);hexahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Ni+2] SEVNKUSLDMZOTL-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 6
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- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni] RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 3
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- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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Classifications
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2018年9月14日付け韓国特許出願第10−2018−0110158号に基づいた優先権の利益を主張し、当該韓国特許出願の文献に開示された全ての内容は本明細書の一部として含まれる。
一般的に、二次電池用正極の容量を向上させるために、高含量のニッケルを含むリチウム遷移金属酸化物の製造時、表面にリチウム副産物が多量生成されるという問題点があった。これを解決するために水洗工程を行うことで、前記リチウム遷移金属酸化物の表面に存在するリチウム副産物を除去することができた。
NixCoyM1 (1−x−y)(OH)2
前記化学式1において、0.6≦x<1.0、0<y≦0.4、0.6<x+y≦1.0である。
LiOH+[NixCoyMn(1−x−y)](OH)2→Li[NixCoyMn(1−x−y)]2O4+Li[NixCoyMn(1−x−y)]O2
Li[NiaMnbCoc]2O4+1/2Li2O→Li[NiaMnbCoc]O2
また、本発明は、前記正極活物質の製造方法により製造されたリチウム二次電池用正極活物質を提供する。
Li1+a1Nix1Coy1M1(1−x1−y1)M2 w1O2
Li1+a2Nix2Coy2M1(1−x2−y2)M2 w2O2
また、本発明は、前記正極材を含むリチウム二次電池用正極を提供する。具体的に、前記二次電池用正極は、正極集電体、前記正極集電体上に形成された正極材層を含み、前記正極材層は本発明による正極材を含むものである。
また、本発明は、前記正極を含む電気化学素子を製造できる。前記電気化学素子は、具体的に電池、キャパシター等であってよく、より具体的にはリチウム二次電池であってよい。
第1正極活物質前駆体として平均粒径(D50)が16μmである20kgのNi0.85Co0.075Mn0.075(OH)2にLiOHを1.09当量(10.29kg)になるように混合し、650℃で10時間仮焼成して、第1仮焼成品を製造した。
第1正極活物質前駆体として平均粒径(D50)が13μmである20kgのNi0.90Co0.05Mn0.05(OH)2にLiOHを1.05当量(9.75kg)になるように混合し、600℃で10時間仮焼成して、第1仮焼成品を製造した。
実施例1で製造した第1仮焼成品を解砕した後、770℃で15時間本焼成し、これを二次電池用正極材として用いることを除いては、前記実施例1と同一の方法を用いて正極及びリチウム二次電池を製造した。
実施例1で製造した第2仮焼成品を解砕した後、750℃で15時間本焼成し、これを二次電池用正極材として用いることを除いては、前記実施例1と同一の方法を用いて正極及びリチウム二次電池を製造した。
実施例1で製造した第1仮焼成品を770℃で本焼成して第1正極活物質を製造した。一方、実施例2で製造した第2仮焼成品を750℃で本焼成して第2正極活物質を製造した。前記で製造した第1正極活物質及び第2正極活物質を8:2の体積比で混合し、これを二次電池用正極材として用いることを除いては、前記実施例1と同一の方法を用いて正極及びリチウム二次電池を製造した。
実施例2で製造した第1仮焼成品を750℃で本焼成して第1正極活物質を製造した。一方、実施例2で製造した第2仮焼成品を730℃で本焼成して第2正極活物質を製造した。前記で製造した第1正極活物質及び第2正極活物質を8:2の体積比で混合し、これを二次電池用正極材として用いることを除いては、前記実施例2と同一の方法を用いて正極及びリチウム二次電池を製造した。
100mLの容器に実施例1〜2、比較例1〜4で収得した正極材50gを充填した後、一定の条件で振動させて得られる粒子の見掛け密度を測定した。具体的に、タップ密度試験機(LINEAR WEIGHING MACHINE STAV−II、J.Engelsmann AG社製)を用いて前記正極材のタップ密度を測定した。
前記実施例1〜2及び比較例1〜4で製造したリチウム二次電池それぞれに対し、常温(25℃)で0.2Cの定電流で4.25Vまで0.005Cカットオフ(cut off)で充電を実施した。その後、0.2Cの定電流で2.5Vになるまで放電を実施して充電容量及び放電容量を測定し、これを下記表2に示した。
実施例1〜2、比較例1〜4でそれぞれ製造したリチウム二次電池の寿命特性を測定した。
前記実施例1〜2及び比較例1〜4で製造したリチウム二次電池の45℃での抵抗特性をそれぞれ確認した。具体的に、前記実施例1〜2及び比較例1〜4で製造したリチウム二次電池を45℃で0.2Cの定電流で充電した後、60秒間0.2Cの定電流で放電して60秒間の電圧降下を測定し、これを電流値で分けて45℃での抵抗を測定した。抵抗増加率は一回目のサイクルに対する抵抗増加量を百分率で計算し、これを下記表4に示した。
Claims (16)
- 平均粒径(D50)が10μmから30μmである第1正極活物質前駆体とリチウム含有原料物質を混合し、仮焼成して第1仮焼成品を収得する段階と、
前記第1正極活物質前駆体と平均粒径(D50)が異なる第2正極活物質前駆体とリチウム含有原料物質を混合し、仮焼成して第2仮焼成品を収得する段階と、
前記第1仮焼成品及び第2仮焼成品をそれぞれ解砕する段階と、
解砕された第1仮焼成品及び解砕された第2仮焼成品を混合し、本焼成して正極材を収得する段階とを含む、正極材の製造方法。 - 前記第1正極活物質前駆体とリチウム含有原料物質は1:1.03から1.1の当量比で混合するものである、請求項1に記載の正極材の製造方法。
- 前記第2正極活物質前駆体とリチウム含有原料物質は1:1.01から1.07の当量比で混合するものである、請求項1または2に記載の正極材の製造方法。
- 前記第2正極活物質前駆体は平均粒径(D50)が3μmから7μmである、請求項1から3の何れか一項に記載の正極材の製造方法。
- 前記仮焼成は500℃から800℃で3時間から24時間行われるものである、請求項1から4の何れか一項に記載の正極材の製造方法。
- 前記解砕された第1仮焼成品及び解砕された第2仮焼成品は0.5から0.9:0.1から0.5の重量比で混合するものである、請求項1から5の何れか一項に記載の正極材の製造方法。
- 前記本焼成は700℃から950℃で3時間から24時間行われるものである、請求項1から6の何れか一項に記載の正極材の製造方法。
- 前記正極材を収得した後、水洗する工程をさらに含む、請求項1から7の何れか一項に記載の正極材の製造方法。
- 前記第1正極活物質前駆体及び第2正極活物質前駆体はそれぞれ独立して下記化学式1で表されるものである、請求項1から8の何れか一項に記載の正極材の製造方法:
[化学式1]
NixCoyM1 (1−x−y)(OH)2
前記化学式1において、
0.6≦x<1.0、0<y≦0.4、0.6<x+y≦1.0である。 - 平均粒径(D50)が10μmから30μmである第1正極活物質と、
前記第1正極活物質より平均粒径が小さい第2正極活物質とを含み、
前記第1正極活物質のリチウム当量と前記第2正極活物質のリチウム当量が異なる、正極材。 - 前記第2正極活物質は平均粒径(D50)が3μmから7μmである、請求項10に記載の正極材。
- 前記第1正極活物質は下記化学式2で表されるものであり、
前記第2正極活物質は下記化学式3で表されるものである、請求項10または11に記載の正極材。
[化学式2]
Li1+a1Nix1Coy1M1(1−x1−y1)M2 w1O2
前記化学式2において、
M1は、Mn又はAlからなる群から選択される少なくとも何れか一つであり、
M2は、W、Cu、Fe、V、Cr、Ti、Zr、Zn、Al、In、Ta、Y、In、La、Sr、Ga、Sc、Gd、Sm、Ca、Ce、Nb、Mg、B、及びMoからなる群から選択される少なくとも何れか一つであり、
0.002≦a1≦0.1、0.6≦x1≦1.0、0<y1≦0.4、0.6≦x1+y1≦1.0、0≦w1≦0.05である。
[化学式3]
Li1+a2Nix2Coy2M1(1−x2−y2)M2 w2O2
前記化学式3において、
M1は、Mn又はAlからなる群から選択される少なくとも何れか一つであり、
M2は、W、Cu、Fe、V、Cr、Ti、Zr、Zn、Al、In、Ta、Y、In、La、Sr、Ga、Sc、Gd、Sm、Ca、Ce、Nb、Mg、B、及びMoからなる群から選択される少なくとも何れか一つであり、
0.002≦a2≦0.1、0.6≦x2≦1.0、0<y2≦0.4、0.6≦x2+y2≦1.0、0≦w2≦0.05である。 - 前記第1正極活物質及び第2正極活物質は0.5〜0.9:0.5〜0.1の重量比で含まれる、請求項10から12の何れか一項に記載の正極材。
- 前記正極材は2.8g/ccから4.0g/ccのタップ密度を有するものである、請求項10から13の何れか一項に記載の正極材。
- 請求項10から14の何れか一項に記載の正極材を含む、リチウム二次電池用正極。
- 請求項15に記載の正極を含む、リチウム二次電池。
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