JP2021520048A - 固体電池 - Google Patents
固体電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2021520048A JP2021520048A JP2021500498A JP2021500498A JP2021520048A JP 2021520048 A JP2021520048 A JP 2021520048A JP 2021500498 A JP2021500498 A JP 2021500498A JP 2021500498 A JP2021500498 A JP 2021500498A JP 2021520048 A JP2021520048 A JP 2021520048A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- solid
- state battery
- lithium
- group
- battery according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 101
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- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
- B22F1/103—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material containing an organic binding agent comprising a mixture of, or obtained by reaction of, two or more components other than a solvent or a lubricating agent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
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Abstract
Description
次の出願は、2019年3月20日に提出された米国出願特許第16/359,707号明細書(通常出願)、2019年3月20日に提出された米国出願特許第16/359,725号明細書(通常出願)、2019年3月20日に提出された米国出願特許第16/359,733号明細書(通常出願)、2018年3月22日に提出された米国仮出願特許第62/646,521号明細書、および2018年6月29日に提出された米国仮出願特許第62/691,819号明細書に対して優先権を主張し、参照により開示の全体が組み込まれる。
例1
スチレンブタジエンゴム液(S−SBR Europrene Sol R 72613)10gを、21℃にて12時間撹拌することにより、トルエン90g(99%無水、Sigma Aldrich)に溶解させる。トルエン(溶媒)中の6gの10重量%SBR(ポリマーバインダー)を0.1gのカーボンブラック(Timcal Super P)(レオロジー改変剤)および16gのトルエンと結合させ、Thinky ARE 250遊星型ミキサーで、2000rpmで6分間分散させる。20〜200μmのポリマーコーティング及び20μmのd50を有する安定化リチウム金属粉末(SLMP(登録商標)、Livent Corp.)9.3gをこの懸濁液に加え、Thinkyミキサー内で、1000rpmで3分間分散させる。印刷可能なリチウムは、180μmの開口ステンレスメッシュを通してろ過される。次に、印刷可能なリチウム懸濁液を銅の集電体に湿式厚さ2mil(約50μm)で、ドクターブレードによってコーティングする。図3は、アノードとして印刷可能なリチウム由来の薄いリチウムフィルムを有するパウチセル対市販の薄いリチウム箔を有するパウチセルのサイクル性能を示すプロットである。
分子量135,000のエチレンプロピレンジエンターポリマー(EPDM)(Dow Nordel IP 4725P)10gを、p−キシレン(無水99%、Sigma Aldrich)90gに21℃にて12時間攪拌して溶解させる。p−キシレン(溶媒)中の6gの10重量%EPDM(ポリマーバインダー)を0.1gのTiO2(Evonik Industries)(レオロジー改変剤)および16gのトルエンと結合させ、Thinky ARE 250遊星型ミキサーで、2000rpmで6分間分散させる。20〜200μmのポリマーコーティングおよび20μmのd50を有する9.3gの安定化リチウム金属粉末(SLMP(登録商標)、FMC Lithium Corp.)をこの懸濁液に加え、Thinkyミキサー内で、1000rpmで3分間分散させる。次いで、印刷可能なリチウムは、180μmの開口ステンレスメッシュを通してろ過される。次に、印刷可能なリチウム組成物を銅の集電体上に湿式厚さ2mil(約50μm)で、ドクターブレードでコーティングする。
印刷可能なリチウム成分は、室温での長い貯蔵寿命の間の化学的安定性、および輸送中や乾燥プロセス中など、高温でのより短い期間の安定性を保証するように選択されなければならない。印刷可能なリチウム組成物の安定性は、熱量測定を使用してテストされた。SLMP1.5gを体積10mlのハステロイARCボンベのサンプル容器に追加した。4%SBRバインダー溶液2.4gを容器に添加した。容器には24オームの抵抗ヒータと熱電が取り付けられ、サンプルの温度を監視および制御した。設定されたボンベのサンプルを、断熱材とともに350ml格納容器に装填した。Fauske IndustriesのAdvance Reactive Screening Systems Tool熱量計を使用して、190℃までの一定割合の温度上昇中の印刷可能なリチウム溶液の相溶性を評価した。温度上昇率は2℃/分であり、サンプル温度は190℃で60分間保持された。テストは、溶媒の沸騰を防ぐために200psiのアルゴン圧力下で実施された。図2は、SLMP/スチレンブタジエン/トルエン印刷可能リチウム組成物の反応性試験の温度および圧力のグラフである。
印刷適性に関する印刷可能なリチウム組成物の品質は、複数の要因によって測定され、例えば、基板または電極表面へのリチウムの装填量を制御する能力に直接影響する流動の不変性などである。流動を測定する効果的な方法は、流動コンダクタンスであり、これは、装填量を制御する要因、つまり押し出し中の圧力およびプリンタヘッドの速度に関連する平方センチメートルあたりの装填量の表現である。これは、最も単純に流動抵抗の逆数と考えることができる。
で、標準偏差は0.02であった。この印刷可能な組成物は完全に直線的に作用するわけではないが、ディスペンサ圧力の変化に対する組成物流動応答は予測可能であって、当業者がリチウム装填を所望のレベルに微調整できる。したがって、一定のディスペンサ圧力条件で、リチウムの装填は非常に不変的に制御され得る。例えば、
のリチウム金属のプリントの場合、CVは約5%である。
印刷可能なリチウム組成物の事前リチウム化の効果は、必要な量の印刷可能なリチウムを事前に製造された電極の表面に印刷することによって評価され得る。事前リチウム化のリチウム量は、アノード材料をハーフセル形式でテストし、SEIの形成または他の副反応による最初のサイクルの損失を補償するために必要なリチウムを計算することによって決定される。印刷可能なリチウムの必要量を計算するには、組成物のリチウム金属としての容量が分かっている必要があり、その容量は、例として使用される組成物の乾燥リチウム基準で約3600mAh/gである。
Claims (36)
- カソード、アノード及び固体電解質を含む固体電池であって、少なくとも前記アノード、カソードおよび/または固体電解質が、リチウム金属粉末、前記リチウム金属粉末と相溶可能なポリマーバインダー、前記リチウム金属粉末と相溶可能なレオロジー改変剤、並びに前記リチウム金属粉末及び前記ポリマーバインダーと相溶可能な溶媒を含む印刷可能なリチウム組成物から形成される、固体電池。
- 前記アノードおよび/またはカソードが、前記印刷可能なリチウム組成物を前記アノードおよび/またはカソードに印刷することによって形成される、請求項1に記載の固体電池。
- 前記アノードが、前記印刷可能なリチウム組成物を集電体上に印刷することによって形成される、請求項1に記載の固体電池。
- 前記アノードおよび/またはカソードが、前記アノードを前記印刷可能なリチウム組成物でコーティングすることによって形成される、請求項1に記載の固体電池。
- 前記アノードおよび/またはカソードが、電流を使用して前記アノード上に前記印刷可能なリチウム組成物を堆積させることによって形成される、請求項1に記載の固体電池。
- 前記リチウム粉末が安定化リチウム金属粉末である、請求項1に記載の固体電池。
- 前記レオロジー改変剤が、炭素質材料、ケイ素含有材料、スズ含有材料、第IIA族酸化物、第IIIA族酸化物、第IVB族酸化物、第VB族酸化物及び第VIA族酸化物からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の固体電池。
- 前記炭素質材料が、カーボンブラック、カーボンナノチューブ、グラフェン、硬質炭素、及びグラフェンからなる群から選択される、請求項7に記載の固体電池。
- 前記ケイ素含有材料が、ケイ素ナノチューブ及びヒュームドシリカからなる群から選択される、請求項7に記載の固体電池。
- 前記第IVB族酸化物が、二酸化チタン及び二酸化ジルコニウムからなる群から選択される、請求項7に記載の固体電池。
- 前記第IIIA族酸化物が酸化アルミニウムである、請求項7に記載の固体電池。
- 前記ポリマーバインダーが1,000〜8,000,000の分子量を有し、不飽和エラストマー、飽和エラストマー、熱可塑性物質、ポリアクリル酸、ポリ塩化ビニリデン及びポリビニルアセテートからなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の固体電池。
- 前記不飽和エラストマーが、ブタジエンゴム、イソブチレン及びスチレンブタジエンゴムからなる群から選択される、請求項12に記載の固体電池。
- 前記飽和エラストマーが、エチレンプロピレンジエンモノマーゴム及びエチレンビニルアセテートからなる群から選択される、請求項12に記載の固体電池。
- 熱可塑性物質が、ポリスチレン、ポリエチレン及びエチレンオキシドのポリマーからなる群から選択される、請求項12に記載の固体電池。
- 前記エチレンオキシドのポリマーが、ポリ(エチレングリコール)及びポリ(エチレンオキシド)からなる群から選択される、請求項15に記載の固体電池。
- 前記溶媒が、アルカン、トルエン、エチルベンゼン、クメン、キシレン、スルホン、鉱油、グライム及びイソパラフィン系合成炭化水素溶媒からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の固体電池。
- 前記印刷可能なリチウム組成物が、溶液ベースで
a)5〜50%のリチウム金属粉末、
b)0.1〜20パーセントのポリマーバインダー、
c)0.1〜30%のレオロジー改変剤、
d)50〜95%の溶媒を含む、請求項1に記載の固体電池。 - 前記リチウムが、前記印刷可能なリチウム組成物を使用して前記固体電解質上に堆積される、請求項1に記載の固体電池。
- カソード、アノード及び固体電解質を含む固体電池であって、リチウムが、リチウム金属粉末、前記リチウム金属粉末と相溶可能なポリマーバインダー、前記リチウム金属粉末及び前記ポリマーバインダーと相溶可能なレオロジー改変剤、並びに前記リチウム金属粉末及び前記ポリマーバインダーと相溶可能な溶媒を含むリチウムの印刷可能なリチウム組成物によって、前記固体電解質に堆積される、固体電池。
- 前記印刷可能なリチウム組成物を固体電解質に印刷することによって、リチウムが固体電解質に堆積される、請求項20に記載の固体電池。
- 前記固体電解質を前記印刷可能なリチウム組成物でコーティングすることにより、リチウムが前記固体電解質に堆積される、請求項20に記載の固体電池。
- 前記リチウム粉末が安定化リチウム金属粉末である、請求項20に記載の固体電池。
- 前記レオロジー改変剤が、炭素質材料、ケイ素含有材料、スズ含有材料、第IIA族酸化物、第IIIA族酸化物、第IVB族酸化物、第VB族酸化物及び第VIA族酸化物からなる群から選択される、請求項20に記載の固体電池。
- 前記炭素質材料が、カーボンブラック、カーボンナノチューブ、グラフェン、硬質炭素、及びグラフェンからなる群から選択される、請求項24に記載の固体電池。
- 前記ケイ素含有材料が、ケイ素ナノチューブ及びヒュームドシリカからなる群から選択される、請求項24に記載の固体電池。
- 前記第IVB族酸化物が、二酸化チタン及び二酸化ジルコニウムからなる群から選択される、請求項24に記載の固体電池。
- 前記第IIIA族酸化物が酸化アルミニウムである、請求項24に記載の固体電池。
- 前記ポリマーバインダーが1,000〜8,000,000の分子量を有し、不飽和エラストマー、飽和エラストマー、熱可塑性物質、ポリアクリル酸、ポリ塩化ビニリデン及びポリビニルアセテートからなる群から選択される、請求項20に記載の固体電池。
- 前記不飽和エラストマーが、ブタジエンゴム、イソブチレン及びスチレンブタジエンゴムからなる群から選択される、請求項29に記載の固体電池。
- 前記飽和エラストマーが、エチレンプロピレンジエンモノマーゴム及びエチレンビニルアセテートからなる群から選択される、請求項29に記載の固体電池。
- 熱可塑性物質が、ポリスチレン、ポリエチレン及びエチレンオキシドのポリマーからなる群から選択される、請求項29に記載の固体電池。
- 前記エチレンオキシドのポリマーが、ポリ(エチレングリコール)及びポリ(エチレンオキシド)からなる群から選択される、請求項32に記載の固体電池。
- 前記溶媒が、アルカン、トルエン、エチルベンゼン、クメン、キシレン、スルホン、鉱油、グライム及びイソパラフィン系合成炭化水素溶媒からなる群から選択される、請求項20に記載の固体電池。
- 前記印刷可能なリチウム組成物が、溶液ベースで
a)5〜50%のリチウム金属粉末、
b)0.1〜20パーセントのポリマーバインダー、
c)0.1〜30%のレオロジー改変剤、
d)50〜95%の溶媒を含む、請求項20に記載の固体電池。 - 前記アノードが、前記印刷可能なリチウム組成物を使用してリチウム化される、請求項20に記載の固体電池。
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