JP6181855B2 - リチウムイオンキャパシタの固体電解質相間形成及び陽極プリリチウム化方法 - Google Patents
リチウムイオンキャパシタの固体電解質相間形成及び陽極プリリチウム化方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 195
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 153
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 153
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 title claims description 129
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 69
- 230000016507 interphase Effects 0.000 title claims description 68
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims description 42
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims description 167
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 117
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000010220 ion permeability Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000006138 lithiation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- -1 lithium hexafluorophosphate Chemical compound 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002482 conductive additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010280 constant potential charging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910003473 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MYWGVEGHKGKUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.C=C.OC(O)=O MYWGVEGHKGKUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007857 degradation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012777 electrically insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012983 electrochemical energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037427 ion transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/50—Electrodes characterised by their material specially adapted for lithium-ion capacitors, e.g. for lithium-doping or for intercalation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/04—Hybrid capacitors
- H01G11/06—Hybrid capacitors with one of the electrodes allowing ions to be reversibly doped thereinto, e.g. lithium ion capacitors [LIC]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/84—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
- H01G11/86—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof specially adapted for electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0438—Processes of manufacture in general by electrochemical processing
- H01M4/0459—Electrochemical doping, intercalation, occlusion or alloying
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1393—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/50—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance, e.g. for maintaining operating temperature
- H01M6/5005—Auxiliary electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
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- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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Description
この出願は、2013年4月23日に出願された米国仮出願61/815157号、名称「リチウムイオンキャパシタの固体電解質相間形成及び陽極プリリチウム化方法」に全て参照され、ここに取り込まれることにより、その利益を主張する。
Claims (28)
- エネルギー貯蔵装置における陽極のプリドーピング方法であって、
前記陽極及びリチウムイオン源を含むドーパント源を電解質に浸す工程と、
前記陽極と前記ドーパント源との間を実質的に定電流でカップリングする工程とを含み、
前記カップリングは、所定の期間、前記陽極と前記ドーパント源との間を実質的に定電流でカップリングする工程を含み、前記陽極と前記ドーパント源との間に0.01Vから0.4Vまでの電位差を実現する、陽極のプリドーピング方法。 - 請求項1に記載の方法において、
前記エネルギー貯蔵装置はリチウムイオンキャパシタを含む、陽極のプリドーピング方法。 - 請求項1に記載の方法において、
前記カップリングは、所定の期間、前記陽極と前記ドーパント源との間を実質的に定電流でカップリングする工程を含み、60%から90%までの陽極プリドーピングレベルを実現する、陽極のプリドーピング方法。 - 請求項1に記載の方法において、
前記陽極と前記ドーパント源との間を実質的に定電流でカップリングする工程は、C/72からC/144までの電流Cレートに相当する実質的に定電流を供給する電流源をカップリングする工程を含む、陽極のプリドーピング方法。 - 請求項1に記載の方法において、
前記陽極と隣接する実質的に均質な固体電解質相間層を形成する工程をさらに含み、
前記固体電解質相間層は、その形成以降、その形状を実質的に変えることがない、陽極のプリドーピング方法。 - 請求項1に記載の方法において、
前記陽極と前記ドーパント源とにわたって実質的に定電流とカップリングした後に、前記電解質から前記ドーパント源を除去する工程をさらに含む、陽極のプリドーピング方法。 - 請求項1に記載の方法において、
前記電解質に陰極を浸す工程をさらに含み、
前記ドーパント源を浸す工程は、前記陰極と対向する前記陽極の側面に前記ドーパント源を浸す工程を含む、陽極のプリドーピング方法。 - 請求項1に記載の方法において、
前記陽極と前記ドーパント源とにわたって実質的に定電流とカップリングした後に、形成工程を実行する工程をさらに含む、陽極のプリドーピング方法。 - 請求項8に記載の方法において、
前記形成工程を実行する工程は、前記陽極と前記ドーパント源との間に2Vから4.2Vの実質的に定電圧を印加する工程を含む、陽極のプリドーピング方法。 - 請求項9に記載の方法において、
前記形成工程を実行する工程は、5hから75hの間、前記陽極と前記ドーパント源との間に2Vから4.2Vまでの実質的に定電圧を印加する工程を含む、陽極のプリドーピング方法。 - エネルギー貯蔵装置における陽極のプリドーピング方法であって、
前記陽極及びリチウムイオン源を含むドーパント源を電解質に浸す工程と、
前記陽極と前記ドーパント源とにわたって実質的に定電圧でカップリングする工程とを含み、
前記陽極と前記ドーパント源とにわたって実質的に定電圧でカップリングする工程は、0.01Vから0.4Vまでの実質的に定電圧を供給する工程を含む、陽極のプリドーピング方法。 - 請求項11に記載の方法において、
前記エネルギー貯蔵装置はリチウムイオンキャパシタを含む、陽極のプリドーピング方法。 - 請求項11に記載の方法において、
前記陽極と前記ドーパント源とにわたって実質的に定電圧でカップリングする工程は、所定の期間、実質的に定電圧でカップリングする工程を含み、60%から90%までの陽極リチウムイオンプリドーピングレベルを実現する、陽極のプリドーピング方法。 - 請求項11に記載の方法において、
前記陽極と前記ドーパント源とにわたって実質的に定電圧でカップリングした後に、形成工程を実行する工程をさらに含む、陽極のプリドーピング方法。 - 請求項14に記載の方法において、
前記形成工程を実行する工程は、前記陽極と前記ドーパント源との間に、2Vから4.2Vの実質的に定電圧を印加する工程を含む、陽極のプリドーピング方法。 - 請求項15に記載の方法において、
前記形成工程を実行する工程は、5hから75hの間、前記陽極と前記ドーパント源との間に2Vから4.2Vまでの実質的に定電圧を印加する工程を含む、陽極のプリドーピング方法。 - 請求項11に記載の方法において、
前記陽極と隣接する実質的に均質な固体電解質相間層を形成する工程をさらに含み、
前記固体電解質相間層は、その形成以降、その形状を実質的に変えることがない、陽極のプリドーピング方法。 - 請求項11に記載の方法において、
前記陽極と前記ドーパント源とにわたって実質的に定電圧とカップリングした後に、前記ドーパント源を除去する工程をさらに含む、陽極のプリドーピング方法。 - 請求項11に記載の方法において、
前記電解質に陰極を浸す工程をさらに含み、
前記ドーパント源を浸す工程は、前記陰極と対向する前記陽極の側面に前記ドーパント源を浸す工程を含む、陽極のプリドーピング方法。 - エネルギー貯蔵装置における陽極のプリドーピング方法であって、
前記陽極及びリチウムイオン源を含むドーパント源を電解質に浸す工程と、
前記陽極と前記ドーパント源との間を実質的に定電流でカップリングする工程とを含み、
前記陽極と前記ドーパント源との間を実質的に定電流でカップリングする工程は、C/72からC/144までの電流Cレートに相当する実質的に定電流を供給する電流源をカップリングする工程を含む、陽極のプリドーピング方法。 - 請求項20に記載の方法において、
前記エネルギー貯蔵装置はリチウムイオンキャパシタを含む、陽極のプリドーピング方法。 - 請求項20に記載の方法において、
前記カップリングは、所定の期間、前記陽極と前記ドーパント源との間を実質的に定電流でカップリングする工程を含み、60%から90%までの陽極プリドーピングレベルを実現する、陽極のプリドーピング方法。 - 請求項20に記載の方法において、
前記陽極と隣接する実質的に均質な固体電解質相間層を形成する工程をさらに含み、
前記固体電解質相間層は、その形成以降、その形状を実質的に変えることがない、陽極のプリドーピング方法。 - 請求項20に記載の方法において、
前記陽極と前記ドーパント源とにわたって実質的に定電流とカップリングした後に、前記電解質から前記ドーパント源を除去する工程をさらに含む、陽極のプリドーピング方法。 - 請求項20に記載の方法において、
前記電解質に陰極を浸す工程をさらに含み、
前記ドーパント源を浸す工程は、前記陰極と対向する前記陽極の側面に前記ドーパント源を浸す工程を含む、陽極のプリドーピング方法。 - 請求項20に記載の方法において、
前記陽極と前記ドーパント源とにわたって実質的に定電流とカップリングした後に、形成工程を実行する工程をさらに含む、陽極のプリドーピング方法。 - 請求項26に記載の方法において、
前記形成工程を実行する工程は、前記陽極と前記ドーパント源との間に2Vから4.2Vの実質的に定電圧を印加する工程を含む、陽極のプリドーピング方法。 - 請求項27に記載の方法において、
前記形成工程を実行する工程は、5hから75hの間、前記陽極と前記ドーパント源との間に2Vから4.2Vまでの実質的に定電圧を印加する工程を含む、陽極のプリドーピング方法。
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