JP2021508658A - リチウム二次電池用正極活物質、その製造方法、およびこれを含むリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池用正極活物質、その製造方法、およびこれを含むリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- MORCTKJOZRLKHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxoboron Chemical compound [Li].O=[B] MORCTKJOZRLKHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229910021450 lithium metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052810 boron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical group [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012792 core layer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni] RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxonickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni]=O URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011356 non-aqueous organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000080590 Niso Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005466 carboxylated polyvinylchloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005994 diacetyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012702 metal oxide precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002620 polyvinyl fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000973 polyvinylchloride carboxylated Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
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- C01B35/00—Boron; Compounds thereof
- C01B35/08—Compounds containing boron and nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium
- C01B35/10—Compounds containing boron and oxygen
- C01B35/12—Borates
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- C01B35/121—Borates of alkali metal
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- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
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- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Nickelates
- C01G53/42—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/50—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2, Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
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- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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Abstract
Description
本発明の一実施形態による正極活物質は、コアおよびコーティング層から構成され、前記コアは、リチウム金属酸化物であり、前記コーティング層は、ボロンを含み、前記コーティング層内のボロン化合物は、リチウムボロン酸化物およびボロン酸化物を含み、前記リチウムボロン酸化物は、全体コーティング層内の70重量%以上および99重量%であり、前記リチウムボロン酸化物は、Li2B4O7を含み、前記リチウムボロン酸化物100重量%に対して、Li2B4O7の含有量は55重量%以上および99重量%以下であり得る。
[反応式1]
Li2CO3+4H3BO3→Li2CO3+2B2O3+6H2O(g)→Li2B4O7+CO2(g)
[反応式2]
3LiOH+H3BO3→Li3BO3+3H2O(g)
本発明の一実施形態では、金属水酸化物前駆体を準備する段階;前記金属水酸化物前駆体およびリチウム原料物質を混合後に焼成してリチウム金属酸化物を得る段階;前記リチウム金属酸化物を水洗する段階;および前記水洗されたリチウム金属酸化物およびコーティング物質を混合後に熱処理して正極活物質を得る段階;を含む正極活物質の製造方法を提供する。
本発明のまた他の一実施形態では、前述した正極活物質を含む正極、
負極、および電解液を含むリチウム二次電池を提供する。
Claims (10)
- コアおよびコーティング層から構成され、
前記コアは、リチウム金属酸化物であり、
前記コーティング層は、ボロンを含み、
前記コーティング層内のボロン化合物は、リチウムボロン酸化物およびボロン酸化物を含み、
前記リチウムボロン酸化物は、全体コーティング層内の70重量%以上および99重量%であり、
前記リチウムボロン酸化物は、Li2B4O7を含み、
前記リチウムボロン酸化物100重量%に対して、Li2B4O7の含有量は55重量%以上および99重量%以下であるリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。 - 前記リチウムボロン酸化物は、Li3BO3をさらに含む、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記リチウムボロン酸化物100重量%に対して、B2O3の含有量は20重量%以下である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- 前記リチウムボロン酸化物100重量%に対して、Li3BO3の含有量は1重量%以下である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質。
- 金属水酸化物前駆体を準備する段階;
前記金属水酸化物前駆体およびリチウム原料物質を混合後に焼成してリチウム金属酸化物を得る段階;
前記リチウム金属酸化物を水洗する段階;および
前記水洗されたリチウム金属酸化物およびコーティング物質を混合後に熱処理して正極活物質を得る段階;
を含み、
前記コーティング物質は、ボロンを含み、
前記得られた正極活物質は、コアおよびコーティング層から構成され、前記コアは、リチウム金属酸化物であり、
前記コーティング層内のボロン化合物は、リチウムボロン酸化物およびボロン酸化物を含み、
前記リチウムボロン酸化物は、全体コーティング層内の70重量%以上および99重量%であり、
前記リチウムボロン酸化物は、Li2B4O7を含み、
前記リチウムボロン酸化物100重量%に対して、Li2B4O7の含有量は、55重量%以上および99重量%以下であるリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。 - 前記水洗されたリチウム金属酸化物およびコーティング物質を混合後に焼成して正極活物質を得る段階;で、
水洗されたリチウム金属酸化物の残留リチウムは、2,000乃至3,000ppmであり、
焼成温度は、350℃超過および450℃未満である、請求項5に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。 - 前記金属水酸化物前駆体およびリチウム原料物質を混合後に焼成してリチウム金属酸化物を得る段階;で、リチウム原料物質は、LiOHである、請求項6に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記水洗されたリチウム金属酸化物およびコーティング物質を混合後に焼成して正極活物質を得る段階;で、
水洗されたリチウム金属酸化物の残留リチウムは、1,000乃至2,000ppmであり、
焼成温度は、250℃超過および350℃未満である、請求項5に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。 - 前記金属水酸化物前駆体およびリチウム原料物質を混合後に焼成してリチウム金属酸化物を得る段階;で、リチウム原料物質は、Li2CO3である、請求項8に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 請求項1に記載の正極活物質を含む正極、
負極、および
前記正極および負極の間に位置する電解質
を含むリチウム二次電池。
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