JP2021121606A - 抗真菌化合物および作製方法 - Google Patents
抗真菌化合物および作製方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2015年9月18日に出願された米国仮出願第62/220,384号および2016年1月6日に出願された米国仮出願第62/275,504号の優先権を主張し、それらの各々は全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
「キラル」という用語は、鏡像パートナーの非重ね合わせ性(non−superimposability)の特性を有する分子を指し、「アキラル」という用語は、それらの鏡像パートナーの上に重ね合わせ可能な分子を指す。
一態様において、本発明は、本明細書におけるいずれかの式の化合物と薬学的に許容可能な担体とを含む医薬組成物を提供する。
本明細書における化合物および組成物は、本明細書における化合物(または組成物)を植物(例えば種子、苗、草、雑草、穀物)と接触させることを含む、植物上の微生物における金属酵素活性を調節する方法に使用され得る。本明細書における化合物および組成物は、対象植物、田畑または他の農業地域に化合物または組成物を投与すること(例えば、接触させること、適用すること、スプレーすること、噴霧すること、振りかけることなど)によって、植物、田畑または他の農業地域を処置するために(例えば、除草剤、殺虫剤、成長調節因子として)使用され得る。投与は出現前または出現後のいずれであってもよい。投与は治療または予防レジメンのいずれであってもよい。
X線粉末回折パターンは、Cu Kα放射線(40kV、40mA)、自動化XYZステージ、自動サンプル配置のためのレーザービデオ顕微鏡およびHiStar 2次元領域検出器を使用してBruker AXS C2 GADDS回折計で収集した。X線光学は、0.3mmのピンホールコリメータに連結した単一のGobel多層ミラーからなる。週に1回の性能検査を、認定された標準NIST 1976 Corundum(平板)を使用して実施する。ビーム広がり、すなわち、サンプル上のX線ビームの有効サイズは約4mmであった。3.2°〜29.7°の有効な2θ範囲が得られる20cmのサンプル−検出器距離でθ−θ連続走査モードを利用した。典型的にサンプルを120秒間X線ビームに曝露した。データ収集に使用したソフトウェアはXP/2000 4.1.43用のGADDSであり、データを分析し、Diffrac Plus EVA v13.0.0.2またはv15.0.0.0を使用して提示した。周囲条件下で実施されるサンプルを、平板標本として、受け取ったままの状態の粉末を粉砕せずに使用して調製した。約1〜2mgのサンプルをスライドガラスに軽く押しつけて、平坦な表面を得た。非周囲条件下で実施されるサンプルを、熱伝導化合物と共にシリコンウエハにマウントした。次いでサンプルを30℃/分にて適切な温度まで加熱し、その後、等温的に1分間保持し、その後、データ収集を開始した。
インプロセスGC分析
カラム:DB−624、30m×0.25mm、1.4μm
キャリアガス:水素
流速:20psi
入口圧力:20psi
分割比:50:1
注入温度:250℃
注入体積:1μL
オーブンプログラム:60℃(3分保持)、40℃/分〜240℃、240℃にて23分保持
検出器:FID、280℃
カラム:XBridge BEH C18、2.1×50mm、2.5μm
移動相:A=0.1%TFA/H2O、B=0.1%TFA/ACN
オートサンプラーフラッシュ:1:1 ACN/H2O
流速:0.8ml/分
温度:50℃
検出器:UV218nm
カラム:Waters Sunfire C18、3.5μm、4.6×150mm
移動相:A=水中に0.05%H3PO4、B=ACN中に0.05%H3PO4;C=NA;D=メタノール中に0.05%H3PO4
希釈剤:ACN
オートサンプラーフラッシュ:1:1 ACN/H2O
流速:1.0ml/分
温度:30℃
検出器:UV225nm(参照=380nm)
表1は、種々のキラル触媒系を使用した、16−Brの、1−Brおよび1*−Brへの変換のための不斉ヘンリー反応の実験条件、変換%、およびエナンチオマー比を記録している。
エチル2−(5−ブロモピリジン−2−イル)−2,2−ジフルオロアセテート(15−Br)の調製
1H NMR:TMS(DMSO−d6;400MHz)に関するδ値:8.85(1H,d,1.6Hz),8.34(1H,dd,J=2.0Hz,6.8Hz),7.83(1H,d,J=6.8Hz),4.33(2H,q,J=6.0Hz),1.22(3H,t,J=6.0Hz).13CNMR:162.22(t,−C=O),150.40(Ar−C−),149.35(t,Ar−C),140.52(Ar−C),123.01(Ar−C),122.07(Ar−C),111.80(t,−CF2),63.23(−OCH2−),13.45(−CH2CH3)。
2−(5−ブロモピリジン−2−イル)−1−(2,4−ジフルオロフェニル)−2,2−ジフルオロエタノン(16−Br)の調製
A.1工程法
1H NMR:TMS(DMSO−d6;400MHz)に関するδ値:8.63(1H,d,1.6Hz,Ar−H),8.07−8.01(2H,m,2xAr−H),7.72(1H,d,J=6.8Hz,Ar−H),7.07−6.82(1H,m,Ar−H),6.81−6.80(1H,m,Ar−H)。
13C NMR:185.60(t,−C=O),166.42(dd,Ar−C−),162.24(dd,Ar−C),150.80(Ar−C),150.35(Ar−C),140.02(Ar−C),133.82(Ar−C),123.06(Ar−C),1122.33(Ar−C),118.44(Ar−C),114.07(−CF2−),122.07(Ar−C),105.09(Ar−C)。
マグネシウム(0.022kg、0.903mol)、1−ブロモ−2,4−ジフルオロベンゼン(0.027kg、0.14mol)およびテトラヒドロフラン(THF)(1.4L)を、窒素注入口/放出口、0.25Lの滴下漏斗、温度プローブおよび還流冷却器を備えた2Lのリアクタに入れた。22℃にて約40分間撹拌した後、反応を開始し、35℃に到達させた。冷却を適用し、さらに1−ブロモ−2,4−ジフルオロベンゼン(0.153kg、0.79mol)を0.5時間にわたって35〜40℃にて加えた。添加の完了時に、反応物をさらに1時間、35〜40℃にて撹拌し、その後、グリニャール試薬の溶液を1時間にわたって20〜25℃に冷却した。1時間の冷却期間の間、15b−Br(0.2kg、0.62mol)およびTHF(0.8L)を、窒素注入口/放出口、0.5Lの滴下漏斗、温度プローブおよび還流冷却器を備えた5Lのリアクタに入れ、15〜20℃にて撹拌して溶液を得、その後、−5〜0℃に冷却した。
1−(5−ブロモピリジン−2−イル)−2−(2,4−ジフルオロフェニル)−1,1−ジフルオロ−3−ニトロプロパン−2−オール(1−Brまたは1*−Br)の調製
1H NMR:TMS(DMSO−d6;400MHz)に関するδ値:8.59(1H,d,J=2.0Hz),7.92(1H,dd,J=8.4Hz,2.3Hz),7.45(1H,m),7.34(1H,dd,J=8.4Hz,2.3Hz),6.86−6.75(2H,m),5.70(1H,d,J=12.8Hz),5.16(1H,d,J=12.8Hz)。
キラルHPLC:保持時間:10.97分(1*−Br);14.82分(1−Br)。
3−アミノ−1−(5−ブロモピリジン−2−イル)−2−(2,4−ジフルオロフェニル)−1,1−ジフルオロプロパン−2−オール(11−Brまたは11*−Br)の調製
1H NMR:TMS(CDCl3;400MHz)に関するδ値:8.59(1H,d,J=2.1Hz),7.83(1H,dd,J=8.4Hz,2.2Hz),7.43(1H,m),7.24(1H,d,J=8.4Hz),6.80−6.67(2H,m),5.20(2H,s),3.89(1H,d,J=14.2Hz),3.47(1H,d,J=14.2Hz)。
アキラルHPLC:保持時間:7.25分(11−Br/11*−Br)。
ジ−p−トルオイル−L−酒石酸(0.069kg、0.178ml;0.3eq)を、窒素注入口/放出口を備えた5Lのリアクタに窒素下で入れた。イソプロピルアルコール(IPA、1.718kg;含有質量0.225kg、0.59mol;1eq.)中の11−Br/11*−Brの溶液を加え、続いてアセトニトリル(0.35kg)を加えた。反応混合物を約20℃にて撹拌し、溶液を得た。反応物を50〜55℃(目標52℃)に加熱し、この温度にて4時間撹拌し、その時間の間に沈殿物が生じた。反応物のインプロセスキラルHPLC試料を試料の高温濾過によって取り、IPA/アセトニトリル(4:1)で洗浄した。これにより99%超のキラル純度が示された。
11−BrヘミL−DTTA塩(250g、0.437mol)を、オーバーヘッドスターラー、窒素注入口、滴下漏斗および熱電対を備えた三つ口フラスコに入れた。固体をMTBE(1.25L)に懸濁した。10%のK2CO3水溶液を撹拌しながら室温にてゆっくり加えた(わずかに発熱)。添加を完了した後、全ての固体が溶解するまで二相混合物を10分間撹拌した。水層を分離し、さらなる0.625LのMTBEで抽出した。合わせた有機層を真空下でロータリーエバポレーターで濃縮した。残留物をトルエン(0.30L)中で希釈し、再び濃縮して、11−Brのシロップ残留物(169.7g)を得た。この手順を、それぞれ250gおよび243gの11−BrヘミL−DTTA塩で開始してさらに2回反復した。
1−(5−ブロモピリジン−2−イル)−2−(2,4−ジフルオロフェニル)−1,1−ジフルオロ−3−(1H−テトラゾル−1−イル)プロパン−2−オール(13−Brまたは13*−Br)の調製
1H NMR:TMS(DMSO−d6;400MHz NMR機器)に関するδ値:9.13(1H,Ar−H),8.74(1H,Ar−H),8.22−8.20(1H,m,Ar−H),7.44(1H,d,J=7.2Hz,Ar−H),7.29(1H,,Ar−H),7.23−7.17(1H,m,Ar−H),6.92−6.88(1H,Ar−H),5.61(1H,d,J=11.2Hz,−OCHAHB−),5.08(1H,d,J=5.6Hz,−OCHAHB−)。
13C NMR:163.67−161.59(dd,Ar−C−),160.60−158.50(dd,Ar−C−),149.65(Ar−C),144.99(Ar−C),139.75(Ar−C),131.65(Ar−C),124.26(Ar−C),122.32(d,Ar−C),119.16(t,−CF2−),118.70(d,Ar−C),111.05(d,Ar−C)104.29(t,Ar−C),76.79(t,−C−OH),59.72(Ar−C),50.23(−OCH2N−)。
11−Br/11*−Br(76.6g、理論的に33.1gが11−Brを含有した、87.4mmol)を圧力ボトルに移した。氷酢酸(117g、KF分析により0.1%の水)、酢酸ナトリウム(7.18g、87.6mmol、1equiv、KF分析により0.44%の水)、およびオルトギ酸トリメチル(55.75g、525mmol、6equiv、KF分析により0.02%の水)を加え、混合物を室温にて2時間、窒素下で撹拌した(この時間の間にオルトギ酸トリメチルは、反応を開始する前にこの系のいかなる残留水分とも反応しない)。トリメチルシリルアジド(18.5ml、131mmol、1.5equiv)を一度に全て加えた。圧力ボトルを封止し、油浴中で67℃にて一晩(16時間)加熱し、次いで冷却し、完了するまでサンプリングした(11−Br/11*−Brは検出されなかった。もし存在する場合、不完全な反応の予想される副生成物である11−Br/11*−Brの形成は非常に少なかった)。反応混合物を2−MeTHF(332ml)および合計312mlの水で希釈した(232mLの水を最初に加え、冷却中和の間にいくらかの沈殿、おそらく酢酸ナトリウムが形成された場合、後で80mLを加えた)。混合物を0℃に冷却し、50%NaOHをゆっくり添加することによって中和した(発熱、25℃未満の内部温度を維持する速度で加えた)。合計177gの50%NaOHによりpHを10にした。25℃に加温した後、層を静置させ、分離した。有機生成物相を10%炭酸カリウム水溶液(181g)−Aq.pH=>10で洗浄した。有機層を20%塩化ナトリウム水溶液(191g)−Aq.pH=≧7で洗浄した。
4−((4−((6−(2−(2,4−ジフルオロフェニル)−1,1−ジフルオロ−2−ヒドロキシ−3−(1H−テトラゾル−1−イル)プロピル)ピリジン−3−イル)エチニル)フェノキシ)メチル)ベンゾニトリル(5または5*)の調製
5または5*のスルホン酸塩形成
化合物5の塩形成を3種のスルホン酸で調べた:メチルスルホン酸(MsOH)、p−トルエンスルホン酸(TsOH)、およびベンゼンスルホン酸(BsOH)。MsOHによる5の塩形成は種々の溶媒(iPrOAc、MIBK、EtOH、トルエン、DCM、MeOH、MTBEおよびアニソール)中で達成されなかった。しかしながら、酢酸イソプロピル中のBsOHおよびTsOHによる5の塩形成により、それぞれの塩の結晶形態が得られた。化合物5(15g)を10volの酢酸イソプロピル中で溶解させるとわずかに加温した。スルホン酸(1equiv)を室温にて加え、1〜1.5時間撹拌して粗懸濁液を得た。懸濁液を約60℃に加熱し、微粒子の懸濁液を生じ、それを室温にて一晩撹拌し、室温にて単離した。次いで塩を約40℃にて真空下で乾燥させた。それぞれの塩の特性を表2に示す。動的水蒸気吸着測定装置(DVS)分析をこれらの2つの塩で実施し(図1および2)、トシレート塩が驚くべきことにベシレート塩より改良された特性を有することが見出された。特に、ベシレート塩は、55から60%RHの急激な重量増加によって証明されるように吸湿性であり(図2)、水和物形成の可能性が高いことが示される。
4−((4−((6−(2−(2,4−ジフルオロフェニル)−1,1−ジフルオロ−2−ヒドロキシ−3−(1H−テトラゾル−1−イル)プロピル)ピリジン−3−イル)エチニル)フェノキシ)メチル)ベンゾニトリル4−メチルベンゼンスルホネート(14または14*)の調製
4−((4−エチニルフェノキシ)メチル)ベンゾニトリル(A)の調製
4−ヨードフェノール(1.745kg、7.93mol)を、オーバーヘッドスターラー、窒素注入口、熱電対および添加漏斗を備えた50Lの半ジャケット付き(half−jacketed)フラスコに入れた。DMF(17.5L)を加え、固体の全てが溶解するまで20℃にて撹拌した。溶液を−3.5℃に冷却した。粉末状K2CO3(2.18kg、15.8mol、Sigma−Aldrich−325メッシュ粉末、カタログ番号347825)を加え、懸濁液を約−1℃にて3時間激しく撹拌した。混合物を−2.5℃に冷却し、4−(ブロモメチル)ベンゾニトリル(1.48kg、7.55mol)を加えた。約0℃にて1時間撹拌した後、混合物を加温し、25℃にて一晩撹拌した。試料を分析のために取った。インプロセスHPLC分析により、4−(ブロモメチル)ベンゾニトリルの完全な消失が示された。反応混合物を10℃に冷却し、25分にわたって冷水(18L)をゆっくり加えることによりクエンチした(最大温度は添加の間、22℃であった)。懸濁液を室温にて2時間撹拌し、次いで生成物を真空濾過により単離し、真空フィルター上で一晩乾燥させた(濾液=38.0kg)。固体をリアクタに戻して入れ、純水(18L)中で1.2時間懸濁した。生成物を真空濾過によって単離し、真空フィルター上で2時間乾燥させた(濾液=19.6kg)。(2番目の真空濾過を、各々2.5volの2つの水洗浄物と置き換えることができる。)湿潤ケーキ(3827g)を50℃にて真空オーブン中で乾燥させて2476.5g(97.9%)の一定重量にした(4日)。純度はインプロセスHPLC分析によって100A%であった。
4−((4−ヨードフェノキシ)メチル)ベンゾニトリル(ii)(100g、298mmol)およびCuI(571mg、1mol%)を、オーバーヘッドスターラー、添加漏斗、窒素注入口および熱電対を備えた窒素でフラッシュした3Lの丸底フラスコに入れた。乾燥THF(500mL、5vol)およびトリエチルアミン(204ml、2vol)を加え、緑色がかった溶液が形成するまで撹拌した。溶液を0℃の目標まで冷却した。トリメチルシリルアセチレン(42.0g、428mmol、1.43equiv)を加え、得られた少し緑色がかった懸濁液を11分間、窒素でスパージした。Pd(PPh3)2Cl2(421mg、0.2mol%)を加え、混合物を10分間、窒素でスパージした。スパージ後、温度は−7℃であった。冷却浴を取り除き、混合物を1.3時間にわたって23.5℃にゆっくり加温し、その時間の間、それはいくらかの懸濁固形物を有して黄色の溶液になった。反応をこの温度にて一晩撹拌した。14時間後、インプロセスHPLC分析により、4−((4−((トリメチルシリル)エチニル)フェノキシ)メチル)ベンゾニトリル(iii)の出現、および4−((4−ヨードフェノキシ)メチル)ベンゾニトリル(ii)の完全な消失が示された。
化合物5/5*無水形態1の調製
非晶質化合物5(500mg)をヘプタン:アセトン(40:1、10mL)中に懸濁し、50〜55℃にて5日間撹拌した。さらなる溶媒を4日目に加えた(125μlのアセトン+3mLのヘプタン)。混合物を吸引下で濾過し、115℃にて4時間乾燥させて340mgの単相の形態1を得た(図6)。形態1は、129℃にて融解を開始する無水多形体であると決定した(図7)。形態1は高湿度条件にて7日の保存後で安定であった。試料は、GVSにより90%RHにて約1.3%の吸湿でわずかに吸湿性であった。
化合物5/5*無水形態2の調製
非晶質化合物5(500mg)をイソプロピルアルコール(IPA)(10mL)中に懸濁し、5℃にて5日間、続いて30℃にて1日間撹拌した。さらなる溶媒を4日目に加えた(5mLのIPA)。混合物を吸引下で濾過し、25℃にて4時間乾燥させて320mgの形態2を得た(図8)。形態2は無水形態であり、それは高湿度条件にて7日保存後に安定なままであった。試料は、GVSにより90%RHにて約0.7%の吸湿でわずかに吸湿性であった。
形態1および形態2の熱力学的安定性の関係
化合物5の形態1の融解をDSCによって−46J/gのエンタルピーで129.0℃である決定した。融解吸熱は、異なる速度で加熱すると形態2は形態1に変換するので形態2について決定しなかった。競合的スラリー実験を実施して、5℃、25℃および50℃にて最も安定な形態を特定した。これらの実験を、IPA、エタノールおよびトルエン中で実施した。これらの実験を行うために、形態1および2の固体混合物(1つの試料につき18mg以下)を対応する化合物5の飽和溶液中に懸濁し、所望の温度にて撹拌した。化合物5の飽和溶液を、40mg、60mgおよび200mgの試料を、それぞれ1.4mLのIPA、0.8mLのエタノールおよび0.8mLのトルエンに溶解することによって50℃にて調製した。スラリーを濾過し、風乾し、所望の温度にて最大で10日間撹拌した後、XRPDによって分析した。表4は競合スラリー実験についての結果を示す。5℃にてIPAで実施した実験を除いて全ての実験は純粋な形態1を生じた。5℃にてIPAにおける実験は、10日の撹拌後、形態1および2の混合物のままであった。したがって形態1は、調べた温度範囲において形態1/形態2の対の熱力学的に安定な形態である。
本出願全体にわたって引用された全ての参考文献(参考文献、公開特許、公開特許出願、および同時係属特許出願)の内容は、それらの全体が参照により本明細書に明確に組み込まれる。
当業者は、慣用の実験のみを使用して、本明細書に記載される本発明の特定の実施形態の多くの等価物を認識するか、または解明できる。そのような等価物は添付の特許請求の範囲に包含されることを意図する。
Claims (31)
- 約7.5、8.2、15.1、19.0および20.2の各々にて2θ°±0.2°で表されるピークを有する粉末X線回折パターンを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の多形体。
- 約129℃の溶融開始を特徴とする、請求項1に記載の多形体。
- 前記多形体が、その中に2.0%未満の水を有する、請求項1に記載の多形体。
- 約10.9、14.0、15.9、19.7および23.2の各々にて2θ°±0.2°で表されるピークを有する粉末X線回折パターンを特徴とする、請求項5に記載の多形体。
- 前記多形体が、その中に1.0%未満の水を有する、請求項5に記載の多形体。
- 約4.8、8.8、10.6、18.5および23.7の各々にて2θ°±0.2°で表されるピークを有する粉末X線回折パターンを特徴とする、請求項8に記載の多形体。
- 約158℃の融点を特徴とする、請求項8に記載の多形体。
- 前記多形体が、その中に1.0%未満の水を有する、請求項8に記載の多形体。
- 前記多形体が本質的に無溶媒である、請求項1に記載の多形体。
- 前記多形体が、0.5wt%未満の溶媒、0.25wt%未満の溶媒、または0.10wt%未満の溶媒を有する、請求項12に記載の多形体。
- 前記溶媒または溶媒混合物中に懸濁された前記化合物が、非晶質、溶媒和物または水和物の形体のうちの1つである、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記溶媒が1種の有機溶媒または少なくとも1種の有機溶媒を含む溶媒混合物である、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記溶媒または溶媒混合物が少なくとも1つの酸素を含む、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記溶媒または溶媒混合物が、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、n−プロパノール、i−プロパノール、n−ブタノール、i−ブタノール、s−ブタノール、またはt−ブタノールを含む、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 2種以上の溶媒を含む、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 1種の溶媒が少なくとも1つの酸素を含み、1種の溶媒が炭化水素である、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1つの酸素を含む前記溶媒が、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、n−プロパノール、i−プロパノール、n−ブタノール、i−ブタノール、s−ブタノール、またはt−ブタノールである、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記炭化水素溶媒が、n−ペンタン、n−ヘプタン、n−ヘキサン、シクロヘキサン、またはメチルシクロヘキサンである、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 1種の溶媒がアセトンであり、1種の溶媒がn−ヘプタンである、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも40℃の温度にて加熱する工程をさらに含む、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記単離された固体物質が50℃以上の温度にて乾燥される、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 1種の溶媒を含む、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記溶媒が炭化水素溶媒である、請求項26に記載の方法。
- 前記炭化水素溶媒が、n−ペンタン、n−ヘプタン、n−ヘキサン、シクロヘキサン、トルエン、またはメチルシクロヘキセンである、請求項27に記載の方法。
- 前記炭化水素溶媒がトルエンである、請求項27に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも40℃の温度にて加熱する工程をさらに含む、請求項29に記載の方法。
- 前記単離された固体物質が50℃以上の温度にて乾燥される、請求項29に記載の方法。
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