JP2020530864A - 水性ポリウレタン分散液およびその調製 - Google Patents
水性ポリウレタン分散液およびその調製 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2020530864A JP2020530864A JP2020500112A JP2020500112A JP2020530864A JP 2020530864 A JP2020530864 A JP 2020530864A JP 2020500112 A JP2020500112 A JP 2020500112A JP 2020500112 A JP2020500112 A JP 2020500112A JP 2020530864 A JP2020530864 A JP 2020530864A
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- dmpa
- acid group
- glycol
- dialkylamide
- ether
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 29
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- LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene glycol methyl ether acetate Chemical compound COCC(C)OC(C)=O LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- AJFDBNQQDYLMJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diethylacetamide Chemical compound CCN(CC)C(C)=O AJFDBNQQDYLMJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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- VXQBJTKSVGFQOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCOC(C)=O VXQBJTKSVGFQOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UYAAVKFHBMJOJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diimidazo[1,3-b:1',3'-e]pyrazine-5,10-dione Chemical compound O=C1C2=CN=CN2C(=O)C2=CN=CN12 UYAAVKFHBMJOJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- NQBXSWAWVZHKBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butoxyethyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCOCCOC(C)=O NQBXSWAWVZHKBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 abstract 1
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- 239000004970 Chain extender Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 239000012974 tin catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound COCC(C)O ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- WAEVWDZKMBQDEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-methoxypropoxy)propoxy]propan-1-ol Chemical compound COC(C)COC(C)COC(C)CO WAEVWDZKMBQDEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butoxyethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCO POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NMBQBIACXMPEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butoxyethyl benzoate Chemical compound CCCCOCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 NMBQBIACXMPEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003006 Polybutadiene acrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 206010074268 Reproductive toxicity Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
(i)ジイソシアネートと、
(ii)酸基を含有するポリオールと、
(iii)酸基を有さないポリオールと、
(iv)金属塩触媒と、を接触させるステップを含み、
この接触は、反応条件下で、かつ(A)少なくとも1つのジアルキルアミドからなる第1の構成成分と、
(B)任意に、少なくとも1つの非プロトン性グリコールエーテルからなる第2の構成成分とから本質的になる溶媒中で行われる。
一実施形態では、酸基を含有するポリオールの酸基は、カルボン酸基である。一実施形態では、酸基を含有するポリオールは、DMPAである。一実施形態では、金属塩触媒は、有機スズ塩である。一実施形態では、任意の非プロトン性グリコールエーテルが存在する。
(1)
(i)ジイソシアネートと、
(ii)酸基を含有するポリオールと、
(iii)酸基を有さないポリオールと、
(iv)金属塩触媒と、を接触させることにより、酸基を有するプレポリマーを形成することであって、
この接触は、反応条件下で、かつ
(A)少なくとも1つのジアルキルアミドからなる第1の構成成分と、
(B)任意に、少なくとも1つの非プロトン性グリコールエーテルからなる第2の構成成分とから本質的になる溶媒中で行われる、形成するステップと、
(2)プレポリマーの酸基および一切の残留ジイソシアネートを塩基で中和するステップと、
(3)中和したプレポリマーを水に分散させるステップと、を含む。
一実施形態では、酸基を含有するポリオールの酸基は、カルボン酸基である。一実施形態では、酸基を含有するポリオールは、DMPAである。一実施形態では、金属塩触媒は、有機スズ塩である。一実施形態では、任意の非プロトン性グリコールエーテルが存在する。一実施形態では、塩基はアミンである。
米国特許実務の目的のため、任意の参照される特許、特許出願、または公開の内容は、特に当該技術分野における定義の開示(本開示に具体的に提供されるあらゆる定義と矛盾しない程度に)および一般的知識に関して、それらの全体が参照により組み込まれる(または、その同等の米国版が参照によりそのように組み込まれる)。
ジイソシアネートは、芳香族、脂肪族、もしくは脂環式ジイソシアネート、またはこれらの化合物の2つ以上の組み合わせであり得る。ジイソシアネート(OCN−R−NCO)由来の構成単位の非限定的な例は、以下の式(I)により表され:
本発明の実施で使用されるポリオールは、酸基を有するものと有さないものの両方を含み、200〜10,000g/モルの範囲の分子量(数平均)を有する。酸基を含まない好適なポリオールの非限定的な例としては、ポリエーテルジオール(「ポリエーテルPU」を生じる);ポリエステルジオール(「ポリエステルPU」を生じる);ヒドロキシ末端ポリカーボネート(「ポリカーボネートPU」を生じる);ヒドロキシ末端ポリブタジエン;ヒドロキシ末端ポリブタジエン−アクリロニトリルコポリマー;ジアルキルシロキサンとアルキレンオキシド、例えば、エチレンオキシド、プロピレンオキシドとのヒドロキシ末端コポリマー;天然油ジオール、およびそれらの任意の組み合わせが挙げられる。一実施形態では、単一のポリオールが使用される。一実施形態では、2つ以上のポリオールの組み合わせが使用される。一実施形態では、反応速度および所望のポリマー構造に応じて、前述のポリオールのうちの1つ以上が、アミン末端ポリエーテルおよび/またはアミノ末端ポリブタジエン−アクリロニトリルコポリマーと混合され得る。例えば、グリセロール、トリメチロールプロパンなどの、3つ以上のヒドロキシ基を有するトリオールおよび他のポリオールも使用され得る。本発明の実施で有用なポリオールのさらなる例は、USP4,012,445に見出される。
鎖延長剤は本発明の実施では必要ではないが、所望であれば使用され得る。使用される場合、これらは、二官能性、典型的には、多官能性であり、かつ鎖中に、包括的に2〜10個の炭素原子を有する脂肪族直鎖または分岐鎖ポリオールであり得る。そのようなポリオールの例証は、ジオール、エチレングリコール、1,3−プロパンジオール、1,4−ブタンジオール、1,5−ペンタンジオール、1,6−ヘキサンジオール、ネオペンチルグリコールなど;1,4−シクロヘキサンジメタノール;ヒドロキノンビス−(ヒドロキシエチル)エーテル;シクロヘキシレンジオール(1,4−、1,3−、および1,2−異性体)、イソプロピリデンビス(シクロヘキサノール);ジエチレングリコール、ジプロピレングリコール、エタノールアミン、N−メチル−ジエタノールアミンなど;および上記のうちのいずれかの混合物である。
ジイソシアネートとポリオールとの反応は、触媒の使用により促進される。触媒の例としては、有機酸または無機酸を有する金属の塩、例えば、スズ系触媒(例えば、ラウリル酸トリメチルスズ、ジラウリン酸ジブチルスズなど)、または鉛系触媒(例えば、オクチル酸鉛など)、および有機金属誘導体、アミン型触媒(例えば、トリエチルアミン、N−エチルモルホリン、トリエチレンジアミンなど)、ならびにジアゾビシクロウンデセン型触媒が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。スズ系触媒が好ましい。
本発明の溶媒系は、酸基、例えば、DMPAを含有するポリオールに対する溶解度に関して高い親和性を有する。本発明の溶媒系は、PUプレポリマーおよびPUDの調製に有用である。
2つ以上の化合物、例えば、ジアルキルアミドと非プロトン性グリコールエーテルとから本質的になるか、またはそれらからなる本発明の溶媒系は、既知の装置および既知の技法を使用して作製される。溶媒系の個別の構成成分は、市販されており、大気状態(23℃および大気圧)で液体であり、かつ従来の混合装置および標準的なブレンドプロトコルを使用して互いに簡単に混合され得る。構成成分は、同時に含む任意の順序で互いに添加され得る。
本発明の溶媒系は、エコ溶媒であり、すなわち、それらは、NMPに関連する毒物学的問題を有さないか、または低減されたレベルで有する。これらの溶媒系は、NMPおよび他の極性溶媒としてのプレポリマーの調製のための媒体と同じ様式で使用される。
水性ポリウレタン分散液(PUD)を生成するための方法は、(1)上記のプレポリマーを調製することと、(2)プレポリマーの酸官能性を中和することと、(3)水にプレポリマーを分散させることと、を含む3ステップの方法である。事実上、いかなる塩基も中和剤として使用され得る。例としては、トリメチルアミン、トリエチルアミン、トリイソプロピルアミン、トリブチルアミン、トリエタノールアミン、N−メチルジエタノールアミン、N−エチルジエタノールアミン、N−フェニルジエタノールアミン、ジメチルエタノールアミン、ジエチルエタノールアミン、N−メチルモルホリン、有機アミン、例えば、ピリジン、無機アルカリ塩、例えば、水酸化ナトリウムおよび水酸化カリウム、ならびにアンモニアが挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。カルボキシル基の中和には、有機アミンが好ましく、第三級アミン、特にトリエチルアミンがより好ましい。
室温(23℃)で、1グラム(g)のDMPAおよび9gの溶媒をガラスボトルに添加し、30分間、振盪器上で混合する。振盪後、溶解度について各ボトル内の混合物の外観を観察する。溶媒は、ニートのジアルキルアミドまたはジアルキルアミドとPROGLYDE(商標)DMMジプロピレングリコールジメチルエーテルとのブレンドのいずれかである。ブレンドを3つのブレンド比、2:1、1:1、および1:2のエーテル対ジアルキルアミドで調製する。
室温(23℃)で、1gのDMPAおよび様々な重量の溶媒をガラスボトルに添加し、次いで、外観をチェックする前に30分間混合する。
実施例3
図2は、9:1の溶媒対DMPAの重量比でのDMPAに対する異なる溶媒の溶解度に関して親和性を示す。結果は、3つのジアルキルアミド、N,N−DMPA、N,N−DEAC、およびM3−N,N−DMPAがDMPAに対して良好な親和性を有し、ニートのジプロピレングリコールジメチルエーテルよりもはるかに良好な親和性を有することを示す。
Claims (16)
- 酸基を含むプレポリマーを作製するための方法であって、
(i)ジイソシアネートと、
(ii)酸基を含有するポリオールと、
(iii)酸基を有さないポリオールと、
(iv)金属塩触媒と、を接触させるステップを含み、
前記接触が、反応条件下で、かつ
(A)少なくとも1つのジアルキルアミドからなる第1の構成成分と、
(B)任意に、少なくとも1つの非プロトン性グリコールエーテルからなる第2の構成成分とから本質的になる溶媒中で行われる、方法。 - 水性ポリウレタン分散液(PUD)を作製するための3ステップの方法であって、
(1)
(i)ジイソシアネートと、
(ii)酸基を含有するポリオールと、
(iii)酸基を有さないポリオールと、
(iv)金属塩触媒と、を接触させることにより、酸基を有するプレポリマーを形成することであって、
前記接触が、反応条件下で、かつ
(A)少なくとも1つのジアルキルアミドからなる第1の構成成分と、
(B)任意に、少なくとも1つの非プロトン性グリコールエーテルからなる第2の構成成分とから本質的になる溶媒中で行われる、形成するステップと、
(2)前記プレポリマーの前記酸基および一切の残留ジイソシアネートを塩基で中和するステップと、
(3)前記中和したプレポリマーを水に分散させるステップと、を含む、方法。 - 前記酸基が、カルボキシル基である、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記酸基を含有するポリオールが、2,2−ジメチロールプロピオン酸である、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記金属塩触媒が、有機スズ塩触媒である、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記ジアルキルアミドが、1〜12個の炭素原子のアルキル基を含む、請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記ジアルキルアミドが、1〜4個の炭素原子のアルキル基を含む、請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記ジアルキルアミドが、N,N−ジメチルプロピオンアミド(N,N−DMPA)、N,N−ジエチルアセトアミド(DEAC)、および3−メトキシ−N,N−ジメチルプロピオンアミド(M3−N,N−DMPA)のうちの少なくとも1つである、請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記任意の第2の構成成分が存在し、それが、プロピレングリコールメチルエーテルアセテート、ジプロピレングリコールメチルエーテルアセテート、プロピレングリコールジアセテート、エチレングリコールn−ブチルエーテルアセテート、ジエチレングリコールn−ブチルエーテルアセテート、およびジプロピレングリコールジメチルエーテルのうちの少なくとも1つである、請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の方法。
- (1)ジアルキルアミドと、(2)非プロトン性グリコールエーテルと、を含む、共沸または擬似共沸ブレンド。
- 前記ジアルキルアミドが、N,N−DMPA、DEAC、およびM3−N,N−DMPAのうちの少なくとも1つである、請求項10に記載のブレンド。
- 前記非プロトン性グリコールエーテルが、ジプロピレングリコールジメチルエーテルおよびプロピレングリコールメチルエーテルアセテートのうちの少なくとも1つである、請求項11に記載のブレンド。
- (1)N,N−DMPA、DEAC、およびM3−N,N−DMPAのうちの1つと、(2)ジプロピレングリコールジメチルエーテルおよびプロピレングリコールメチルエーテルアセテートのうちの1つと、を含む、請求項12に記載のブレンド。
- (i)中和された酸基を含むプレポリマーと、(ii)ジアルキルアミドと、(iii)水と、を含む、ポリウレタン分散液(PUD)。
- 非プロトン性グリコールエーテルをさらに含む、請求項14に記載のPUD。
- 前記プレポリマーが、前記分散液の5〜60質量パーセントを構成する、請求項14または15に記載のPUD。
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