JP2020524147A - カルボン酸およびエステルをベースオイル炭化水素に変換するための方法 - Google Patents
カルボン酸およびエステルをベースオイル炭化水素に変換するための方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2020524147A JP2020524147A JP2019569820A JP2019569820A JP2020524147A JP 2020524147 A JP2020524147 A JP 2020524147A JP 2019569820 A JP2019569820 A JP 2019569820A JP 2019569820 A JP2019569820 A JP 2019569820A JP 2020524147 A JP2020524147 A JP 2020524147A
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
- C10G3/42—Catalytic treatment
- C10G3/44—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
- B01D3/14—Fractional distillation or use of a fractionation or rectification column
- B01D3/143—Fractional distillation or use of a fractionation or rectification column by two or more of a fractionation, separation or rectification step
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- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/063—Titanium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/88—Molybdenum
- B01J23/883—Molybdenum and nickel
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- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/63—Pore volume
- B01J35/633—Pore volume less than 0.5 ml/g
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Abstract
Description
星型構造(S)を有するポリ−アルファ−オレフィン型(PAOs)の新規ベースオイル化合物が製造された。式(I)の化合物は、個々にまたは混合物中で単離され得る。新規のベースオイル化合物は、脂肪酸を含む再生可能なフィード材料から製造され得、そして、それによって新規のベースオイル化合物が再生可能なベースオイル化合物としてみなされ得る。本発明のプロセスにしたがって製造される星型構造(S)を有するポリ−アルファ−オレフィン型(PAOs)のベールオイル化合物は、例えば高い粘度指数、良好な低温流動特性、例えば低い曇り点および/または流動点など、および低いノバク揮発度などの、良好な潤滑特性から選択される一または複数の特性をもたらす。
nおよびmが共に7である場合、pは9でない。
nおよびmが共に9である場合、pは9または11でなく、
n、mおよびpの全てが11ではない。
上述されるような、一または複数の式(I)の化合物および/または異性化された星型の式(I)の化合物がベースオイル混合物中に存在し得る。n、mおよびpの値は互いに独立して、7〜41のあいだの整数であり得、そして、式(I)の総計の炭素数は、31〜65のあいだ、または40〜65のあいだ、例えば45〜65のあいだ、例えば47〜65のあいだであり得る。炭素数の値および範囲ならびにn、mおよびpは、式(I)に関して上述されるように選択され得る。
ベースオイルは、ベースオイル製造のためのプロセスによって製造され得、これは、a)三量化生成物を提供するための、少なくとも一つの脂肪酸を含むフィードを三量化する工程であって、脂肪酸三量体の混合物が得られる工程、およびb)ベースオイル生成物を提供するために三量体生成物の少なくとも一部を水素化処理する工程であって、水素化処理されたベースオイルが一または複数の以下の式(I)の化合物(ここで、n、mおよびpは互いに独立して5〜41のあいだの整数であり、かつ式(I)の総計の炭素数は19〜65のあいだである)を含む工程を含む。
工程a)が、脂肪酸三量体の混合物を提供するために、三量化条件のもと三量化ゾーンで、少なくとも一つの脂肪酸を三量化触媒に接触させることを含み、および、工程b)が、ベースオイル生成物を提供するために、水素化処理条件のもと水素化処理ゾーンで、水素ガスの存在下、脂肪酸三量体の混合物を水素化処理触媒と接触させることを含んでいてもよい。
脂肪酸の変換(面積−%)は、ガスクロマトグラフィーによるGC分析(Agilent Technology 7890)によって測定される。使用された検出器は、水素炎イオン化型検出器(FID)であった。GCカラムは、以下の寸法:10m×250μm×0.12μmを有するCP/SIL5 カラムであった。クロマトグラムのピークは、少なくとも0.01面積−%であり、多くの場合0.001面積−%でさえある。炭化水素は、典型的にはwt−%値に近い、面積−%値を用いて分析される。
X=[フィード中の脂肪酸(面積−%)−生成物中の脂肪酸(面積−%)]/[フィード中の脂肪酸(面積−%)]
20gの触媒材料(K2O/TiO2;BET 50〜54m2/g、平均細孔径 100〜200Å、結晶化度 50〜100%)でロードされた触媒床を含む、連続モードで操作される固定床リアクターが三量化反応のために使用され、ここで、フィードの温度、希釈および変換率は変えられた。
パルミチン酸フィードを備える「リアクター」の題のもとで記載される固定床リアクターが、三量化生成物収率における効果を評価するために、様々なパラメータに付された。表5において、有機相の物質収支および組成は、実施例1で記載されたように測定および算出される。
再生可能なベースオイルは、表6に示されている条件下、3つの別個のユニット中の三量化、水素化処理、および異性化によって得られた。フィードはパルミチン酸であり、フィードの三量化ユニットにおける変換は100%であった。希釈は、C15〜C18のn−パラフィンを用いて行われた。水素化処理の後、異性化工程に先立って、希釈剤が蒸留によって除去された。
三量体含有ベースオイル留分の種々の特性が測定され、そして、以下の表8に示されている。三量化された生成物を含むカラム(450℃より高い温度)から、パルミチン酸がフィードとして使用される場合、粘度指数(VI)が164であることがわかり、これはグループVIIIベースオイルのための最低のVIである120よりも顕著により高い値である。
Claims (30)
- nが13または15であり、mおよびpが互いに独立して15または17である請求項1記載の化合物。
- nが13であり、mおよびpが共に15である請求項1または2記載の化合物。
- 1〜5のあいだのメチル分岐を含む、異性化された星型の化合物を得るための方法であって、一または複数の式(I)の化合物(ここで、n、mおよびpは互いに独立して、9〜41のあいだの奇数であり、および、式(I)の総計の炭素数は31〜65のあいだであり、ただし、nおよびmが共に9である場合、pは9または11でなく、かつn、mおよびpの全てが11ではない)が、異性化工程に付され、前記異性化工程が、水素および例えば貴金属または非貴金属の異性化触媒などの異性化触媒の存在下で、250〜400℃の範囲の温度で、10〜60bargの範囲の圧力で、および、0.1〜5h-1の範囲のWHSVで、および、100〜800nl H2/lフィードのH2フローで、行われる方法。
- nが13または15であり、mおよびpが互いに独立して15または17である一または複数の式(I)の化合物を含む請求項6記載のベースオイル混合物。
- nが13であり、mおよびpが共に15である一または複数の式(I)の化合物を含む請求項6または7記載のベースオイル混合物。
- 380℃以上、例えば450℃以上、例えば460℃以上、例えば470℃以上の沸点を有する請求項6〜8のいずれか1項に記載のベースオイル混合物。
- 少なくとも2%以上、好ましくは少なくとも5%以上の前記一または複数の式(I)の化合物を含む請求項6〜9のいずれか1項に記載のベースオイル混合物。
- a)三量化生成物を提供するための、少なくとも一つの脂肪酸を含むフィードを三量化する工程であって、脂肪酸三量体の混合物が得られる工程、および
b)5℃より低い流動点を有するベースオイル生成物を提供するために、三量体生成物の少なくとも一部を水素化処理する工程
を含むベールオイル製造のための方法であって、
水素化処理されたベースオイルが一または複数の以下の式(I)の化合物:
を含み、
一または複数の式(I)の化合物の炭化原子が、モノカルボン酸の脂肪酸からのみ由来し、および
三量化が、前記フィードの少なくとも一つの脂肪酸の99.5%が変換されるまで行われる方法。 - 前記工程a)が、脂肪酸三量体の混合物を提供するために、三量化条件のもと三量化ゾーンで、少なくとも一つの脂肪酸を三量化触媒に接触させることを含み、および、工程b)が、ベースオイル生成物を提供するために、水素化処理条件のもと水素化処理ゾーンで、水素ガスの存在下、脂肪酸三量体の混合物を水素化処理触媒と接触させることを含む請求項11記載の方法。
- 前記三量化条件が、300〜400℃の範囲である温度、5〜100bargの範囲である圧力、0.1〜5hr-1の範囲であるWHSVを含み、および前記三量化触媒が、金属酸化物触媒を含む請求項12記載の方法。
- 前記三量化触媒が、Ti、Mn、Mg、Ca含有の金属酸化物触媒からなるリストのうちの一または複数から選択される触媒を含み、好ましくは、三量化触媒が、Ti含有金属酸化物触媒である請求項11〜13のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記三量化触媒が、TiO2および一または複数のアルカリ金属酸化物を含み、好ましくは、一または複数のアルカリ金属酸化物は、例えばLi、Na、K含有金属酸化物からなるリストのうちの一または複数から選択される請求項11〜14のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 三量化が、2つの脂肪酸のあいだの反応からのケトンの形成、それに続く、アルファ−置換のおよびアルファ−不飽和のケトンを製造するための、ケトンと別の脂肪酸とのあいだの縮合反応を含む請求項11〜15のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも一つの脂肪酸が、C9〜C22の脂肪酸から選択される請求項11〜16のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも一つの脂肪酸を含むフィードが、パーム油、キャノーラ油、菜種油、オリーブ油、ひまわり油、牛脂、ラード、ココナッツオイル、コーン油、大豆油、ジャトロファ油、トール油、粗トール油、トール油ピッチ、トール油ヘッド、トール油脂肪酸からなるリストのうちの一または複数から選択される請求項11〜17のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも一つの脂肪酸を含むフィードが、炭化水素流を用いて希釈される、または、前記三量化された生成物が炭化水素流を用いて希釈される請求項11〜18のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも一つの脂肪酸を含むフィードが、プロセスから取り出された、例えば三量化ゾーンから、または水素化処理ゾーンから取り出された生成物流で希釈される請求項12〜19のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記三量化ゾーンにおいて、ガスフィードが存在しており、前記ガスは、窒素、二酸化炭素、水蒸気、メタンおよび/または水素からなる、例えば窒素、二酸化炭素または水素からなる、好ましくは水素からなるリストから選択される請求項11〜20のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記三量化生成物が、450℃より高い沸点を有する留分中に単離される請求項11〜21のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- さらに、以下の工程:
c)水素化処理されたベースオイル生成物を異性化する工程
を含む請求項11〜22いずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 請求項11〜23のいずれか1項に記載の方法により得られ得るベースオイル成分。
- ベースオイルの潤滑性能を向上させるための、請求項24記載のベールオイル成分の使用。
- 1〜5のあいだのメチル分岐を有する異性化された星型の化合物を製造するための方法であって、少なくとも80wt%の炭化水素を含み、および、少なくとも2wt%、好ましくは少なくとも5wt%の一または複数の式(I)の化合物(ここで、n、mおよびpは互いに独立して、9〜41のあいだの奇数であり、および、式(I)の総計の炭素数は31〜65のあいだであり、ただし、nおよびmが共に9である場合、pは9または11でなく、かつn、mおよびpの全てが11ではない)を含むフィードが、異性化工程に付され、前記異性化工程が、水素および例えば貴金属または非貴金属の異性化触媒などの異性化触媒の存在下で、250〜400℃の範囲の温度で、10〜60bargの範囲の圧力で、および、0.1〜5h-1の範囲のWHSVで、および、100〜800nl H2/lフィードのH2フローで、行われることを特徴とする方法。
- 前記フィードが、少なくとも15wt%、少なくとも20wt%、少なくとも32wt%、例えば少なくとも50wt%、または少なくとも80wt%の前記一または複数の式(I)の化合物を含むことを特徴とする請求項26記載の方法。
- 前記フィードが、本質的に炭化水素からなる請求項26または27記載の方法。
- 前記フィードが、少なくとも15wt%の前記一または複数の式(I)の化合物を含む請求項26〜28のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記フィードが、本質的に炭化水素からなり、および、少なくとも15wt%の前記一または複数の式(I)の化合物を含む請求項29記載の方法。
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