JP2020513387A - 工業用セラミックスの改良された性能 - Google Patents
工業用セラミックスの改良された性能 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2020513387A JP2020513387A JP2019523863A JP2019523863A JP2020513387A JP 2020513387 A JP2020513387 A JP 2020513387A JP 2019523863 A JP2019523863 A JP 2019523863A JP 2019523863 A JP2019523863 A JP 2019523863A JP 2020513387 A JP2020513387 A JP 2020513387A
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- ceramic particles
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- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- A61K6/802—Preparations for artificial teeth, for filling teeth or for capping teeth comprising ceramics
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、米国国立科学財団により授与された契約NSF CMMI 1563537に基づく米国政府の支援およびコロラド州のAdvanced Industries Accelerator Programにより授与されたGrant APP−43889により部分的になされた。米国政府は本発明に一定の権利を有する。
本出願は、2016年11月7日に出願された米国暫定特許出願第62/418,666号(特許文献1)、および2017年6月16日に出願された米国暫定特許出願第62/520,655号(特許文献2)の優先権を主張し、それらはここに参照して取り入れられる。
3Dインク産業において、セラミックおよび焼結助剤のより均一な分布、製造される部品の信頼性および一貫性の向上、ならびに粒子のより密な充填による緻密化を達成する方法に対して継続的な必要性が存在し、それは小さい部品の生産のため非常に重要である。
8YSZのイオン抵抗が温度の低下と共に増加することに少なくとも起因して、SOFCを運転するコストは、それらが高温で運転されなければならないので、現在高いままである。したがって、燃料電池の動作温度を下げることが出来ることについて未だ満たされていない必要性があり、これは8YSZの特性を改善することによって実現できる。8YSZは1450℃の高い焼結温度を有する。しかしながら、Al2O3の添加はこの温度を低下させ、同様にSOFCの製造コストを低減することが実証されている。それはまた、低い温度でイオン導電率を改善することにプラスの効果を示し、そのことは次にSOFCの動作温度を低下させる。SOFCに使用した場合に、8YSZのイオン導電率がかなり安定したままであることは重要であり得る。
膨張計による研究に使用された主な装置は、膨張計、自転公転ミキサ、油圧プレス、および円筒形鋼製ダイを含んだ。膨張計は、円筒形のセラミック粉末成形体を必要とする。これを達成するために、Al2O3の有無にかかわらず、8YSZ粉末を2重量%のポリ(ビニルアルコール)(Acros Organics、98.0−98.8%加水分解、平均分子量約31,000−50,000グラム/モル)の溶液である高分子バインダーおよび98重量%の脱イオン水と混合した。バインダーは、4グラムのバインダー、20グラムの8YSZ粉末、および25グラムの粉砕媒体(Tosoh Corp.、直径5mm、YTZ粉砕媒体)を自転公転ミキサ内において1100rpmで30秒間混合することによって組み入れた。自転公転ミキサは、粉砕媒体が分散を助ける一方で、高速な公転および自転を同時に受けることによって、セラミック粉末全体にバインダーを十分に分散させる。
Al2O3をALDによって市販の8YSZ粉末上に堆積させた。ALDプロセスは、サイクル数に対してほぼ直線的な成長速度を示し、それにより制御可能な濃度でAl2O3の堆積を可能にした。Al2O3は、各一次8YSZ粒子を薄いアモルファスフィルムとして覆う均一でコンフォーマルなコーティングとして、正確に堆積された。ALDによるAl2O3の存在は、空気中において135℃で2時間焼結した後に、ペレットが理論密度近く(> 94%)に達することを可能にする。図1に見られるように、Al2O3を含まないYSZまたは、ボールミル粉砕によって組み込まれたAl2O3を含むYSZのいずれも、この同じ密度には達しない。
8YSZに対するALDによるAl2O3の精密なコーティングは、焼結温度および最大緻密化速度が得られる温度を約100℃低下させるのに有効である。緻密化のための見かけの活性化エネルギーは、コーティングされていない8YSZと比較した場合、全てのコーティングされたサンプルについて同様に減少することが見出された。見かけの活性化エネルギーを最大に減少させるためのALD取り込みの最適レベルは、5回のALDサイクルまたは約2.2重量%のAl2O3であることが見出された。
本発明をその好ましい実施形態を参照して具体的に示し説明したが、本発明の範囲から逸脱することなく、形態および詳細において様々な変更を加えることができることが当業者には理解されよう。
Claims (26)
- セラミック粒子であって:
イットリア安定化ジルコニア、部分安定化ジルコニア、酸化ジルコニウム、窒化アルミニウム、窒化ケイ素、炭化ケイ素、および酸化セリウムから選択されるコア基板と;そして
3ナノメートル未満の厚さを有し、前記コア基板を覆う焼結助剤フィルムのコンフォーマルコーティングと;
を有することを特徴とするセラミック粒子。 - 前記コア基板を覆う前記焼結助剤フィルムの前記コンフォーマルコーティングが、1ナノメートル未満から1ナノメートルまでの厚さを有する、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のセラミック粒子。
- 前記コア基板を覆う前記焼結助剤フィルムの前記コンフォーマルコーティングが、原子層堆積によって形成される、ことを特徴とする請求項1および2に記載のセラミック粒子。
- 前記コア基板を覆う前記焼結助剤フィルムの前記コンフォーマルコーティングが、流動層反応器、振動反応器、回転反応器、前駆体ガスが空間的に分離されている空間システム、バッチ反応器、およびそれらの任意の所望の組み合わせから選択されるシステムを用いた原子層堆積によって形成される、ことを特徴とする請求項1、2および3に記載のセラミック粒子。
- 前記コアがイットリア安定化ジルコニアを含み、前記焼結助剤フィルムがアルミナを含む、ことを特徴とする請求項1、2、3および4に記載のセラミック粒子。
- 前記コアが部分安定化ジルコニアを含み、前記焼結助剤フィルムがアルミナを含む、ことを特徴とする請求項1、2、3および4に記載のセラミック粒子。
- 前記コアが酸化セリウムを含み、前記焼結助剤フィルムがアルミナ、酸化チタン、酸化イットリウム、およびそれらの任意の所望の組み合わせから選択される、ことを特徴とする請求項1、2、3および4に記載のセラミック粒子。
- 前記コアが窒化アルミニウムを含み、前記焼結助剤フィルムが酸化イットリウムを含む、ことを特徴とする請求項1、2、3および4に記載のセラミック粒子。
- 前記コアが窒化ケイ素および炭化ケイ素から選択され、前記焼結助剤フィルムが酸化イットリウム、アルミナ、およびそれらの組み合わせから選択される、ことを特徴とする請求項1、2、3および4に記載のセラミック粒子。
- 前記イットリア安定化ジルコニアの酸化イットリウムドーピングが約8モルパーセントである、ことを特徴とする請求項1、2、3、4および5に記載のセラミック粒子。
- 前記部分安定化ジルコニアの酸化イットリウムドーピングが約3モルパーセントである、ことを特徴とする請求項1、2、3、4および6に記載のセラミック粒子。
- 前記部分安定化ジルコニアの酸化イットリウムドーピングが、約4モルパーセントである、ことを特徴とする請求項1、2、3、4および6に記載のセラミック粒子。
- 焼結助剤フィルム中のアルミナの質量または重量が、セラミック粒子の約0.2重量パーセントから約2重量パーセントまでである、ことを特徴とする請求項1、2、3、4、5、および6に記載のセラミック粒子。
- 前記セラミック粒子が水と非反応性である、ことを特徴とする請求項1〜13のいずれかおよびそれらの組み合わせに記載のセラミック粒子。
- 前記コア基板を覆う前記焼結助剤フィルムの前記コンフォーマルコーティングが、前記セラミック粒子の表面全体に均一に分布したフィルムの島を含む、ことを特徴とする請求項1〜14のいずれかに記載のセラミック粒子。
- 焼結助剤フィルムのコンフォーマルコーティングを有するセラミック粒子が、原子層堆積の1サイクルで調製され、空気中において2時間約1350℃で焼結される、ことを特徴とする請求項1〜15のいずれか、およびそれらの組み合わせに記載のセラミック粒子。
- セラミック粒子が、約1サイクル〜約9サイクルの原子層堆積で調製される、ことを特徴とする請求項1〜16のいずれか、およびそれらの組み合わせに記載のセラミック粒子。
- セラミック粒子が約5サイクルの原子層堆積で調製される、ことを特徴とする請求項1〜17のいずれか、およびそれらの組み合わせに記載のセラミック粒子。
- 請求項1〜請求項18のいずれか、およびそれらの任意の所望の組み合わせに記載のセラミック粒子を含む、三次元印刷用の3Dインクを製造するのに適したコロイド状ゲルまたはスラリー。
- 請求項1〜請求項18のいずれか、およびそれらの任意の所望の組み合わせに記載のセラミック粒子を含む固体酸化物型燃料電池。
- 前記焼結助剤フィルムが、酸化マグネシウム、酸化ランタン、酸化カルシウム、酸化イットリウム、およびそれらの任意の所望の組み合わせから独立して選択される、ことを特徴とする請求項1、2、3、4、5、および6に記載のセラミック粒子。
- 前記コアが酸化セリウムを含み、前記焼結助剤フィルムが酸化カルシウム、酸化鉄、酸化銅、酸化クロム、酸化ホウ素、二酸化ケイ素、酸化ニッケル、およびそれらの任意の所望の組み合わせ、から選択されることを特徴とする請求項1、2、3および4に記載のセラミック粒子。
- 前記コアが窒化アルミニウムを含み、前記焼結助剤フィルムが酸化マグネシウム、酸化カルシウム、二酸化ケイ素、酸化ランタン、およびそれらの任意の所望の組み合わせから選択される、ことを特徴とする請求項1、2、3および4に記載のセラミック粒子。
- 前記コアが窒化ケイ素および炭化ケイ素から選択され、前記焼結助剤フィルムが酸化マグネシウム、酸化ルテチウム、酸化イッテルビウム、およびそれらの任意の所望の組み合わせから選択される、ことを特徴とする請求項1、2、3および4に記載のセラミック粒子。
- 前記コア基板を覆う前記焼結助剤フィルムの前記コンフォーマルコーティングが、約2ナノメートルの厚さを有する、ことを特徴とする請求項1および3〜24のいずれかに記載のセラミック粒子。
- 前記焼結助剤フィルムの前記コンフォーマルコーティングが、前記コア基板の均一なコンフォーマルコーティングである、ことを特徴とする請求項1〜25のいずれかに記載のセラミック粒子。
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