JP2020511752A - リチウム電極およびそれを含むリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウム電極およびそれを含むリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2020511752A JP2020511752A JP2019550766A JP2019550766A JP2020511752A JP 2020511752 A JP2020511752 A JP 2020511752A JP 2019550766 A JP2019550766 A JP 2019550766A JP 2019550766 A JP2019550766 A JP 2019550766A JP 2020511752 A JP2020511752 A JP 2020511752A
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- Prior art keywords
- layer
- lithium
- aluminum oxide
- lithium metal
- electrode
- Prior art date
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- Granted
Links
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002207 thermal evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005566 electron beam evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 abstract description 95
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 10
- -1 etc.) Polymers 0.000 description 10
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- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 4
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- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound C=CC1COC(=O)O1 BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSUWCXHZPFTZSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethyl-5-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound CCC1OC(=O)OC1C LSUWCXHZPFTZSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AUXJVUDWWLIGRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-propyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound CCCC1COC(=O)O1 AUXJVUDWWLIGRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910020366 ClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910011281 LiCoPO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014422 LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013210 LiNiMnCoO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930182556 Polyacetal Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/628—Inhibitors, e.g. gassing inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/08—Oxides
- C23C14/081—Oxides of aluminium, magnesium or beryllium
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/381—Alkaline or alkaline earth metals elements
- H01M4/382—Lithium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2017年11月24日付韓国特許出願第10−2017−0158497号および2018年8月13日付韓国特許出願第10−2018−0094525号に基づいた優先権の利益を主張し、当該韓国特許出願の文献に開示されたすべての内容を本明細書の一部として含む。
(1)正極の製造
正極活物質としてLiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2、導電材としてスーパーPおよびバインダーとしてポリビニリデンフルオライド(PVDF)がそれぞれ95重量%、2.5重量%および2.5重量%からなる正極活物質スラリーを製造した後、前記正極活物質スラリーをアルミニウム集電体上に塗布した後、乾燥することによって正極を製造した。
40μm厚さのリチウム金属層上に、スパッタリング蒸着法により酸化アルミニウム層とカーボン層を順に蒸着して負極を製造した。この時、スパッタリング機器は、自体製作機器(SNTEK社製)を用い、原料物質である酸化アルミニウムと黒鉛はRNDコリア社の製品を用いた。
前記製造した正極と負極との間に、セパレーター(ポリエチレン多孔性高分子基材の両面に、アルミナとPVdFバインダーの混合物で形成された多孔性コーティング層の形成)を介在させた電極組立体をパウチ型の電池ケースに挿入した後、前記電池ケースに非水電解液(1M LiPF6、VC 1重量%、FEC:EMC=3:7(体積比))を注入し、以後完全に密封することによってリチウム二次電池を製造した。
負極として、40μm厚さのリチウム金属層上にスパッタリング蒸着法により、カーボン層を1時間の間蒸着して製造した負極を用いることを除いては実施例1と同様の方法によりリチウム二次電池を製造した。参照までに、前記カーボン層の厚さは、25.2nmと測定され、表面の粗度は0.37nmと測定された。
負極として、40μm厚さのリチウム金属層上にスパッタリング蒸着法により、酸化アルミニウム層を1時間の間蒸着して製造した負極を用いることを除いては実施例1と同様の方法によりリチウム二次電池を製造した。参照までに、前記酸化アルミニウム層の厚さは、64.5nmと測定され、表面の粗度は0.29nmと測定された。
負極として、40μm厚さのリチウム金属層を用いることを除いては実施例1と同様の方法によりリチウム二次電池を製造した。
前記実施例および比較例で製造したリチウム二次電池に対して0.3C電流密度の充電および0.5C電流密度の放電を繰り返しながら、電池のサイクル数に応じた電池の容量維持率を測定し、図1に示した。
酸化アルミニウム層およびカーボン層それぞれの厚さが、リチウム二次電池の容量に及ぼす影響を確認するために、酸化アルミニウム層およびカーボン層の厚さを多様に変形させてそれぞれ製作した負極を用いることを除いては実施例1と同様の方法によりリチウム二次電池を製造した。
Claims (10)
- リチウム金属層;
前記リチウム金属層上に形成された酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)層;および
前記酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)層上に形成されたカーボン層を含む、リチウム電極。 - 前記酸化アルミニウム層の厚さは、20〜100nmであることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリチウム電極。
- 前記カーボン層の厚さは、10〜50nmであることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリチウム電極。
- 前記酸化アルミニウム層の厚さは、20〜100nmであり、
前記カーボン層の厚さは、10〜50nmであることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリチウム電極。 - 前記酸化アルミニウム層の厚さは、30〜90nmであることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリチウム電極。
- 前記カーボン層上に形成されたSEI(solid electrolyte interface)被膜をさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリチウム電極。
- 前記リチウム金属層の厚さは、10〜300μmであることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリチウム電極。
- 前記酸化アルミニウム層または前記カーボン層は、物理的気相蒸着法(Physical Vapor Deposition,PVD)により形成されたことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリチウム電極。
- 前記物理的気相蒸着法(Physical Vapor Deposition,PVD)は、熱蒸着法(thermal evaporation)、電子ビーム蒸着法(e−beam evaporation)またはスパッタリング法(sputtering)であることを特徴とする、請求項8に記載のリチウム電極。
- 請求項1ないし9のいずれか一項の記載によるリチウム電極である負極、正極および前記負極と前記正極との間に介在するセパレーターを含む電極組立体;ならびに
前記電極組立体を含浸させる非水電解質を含むリチウム二次電池。
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US20210126247A1 (en) * | 2019-10-28 | 2021-04-29 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Dielectric coated lithium metal anode |
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