JP2020507576A - Mapk経路の活性化に関連付けられる癌の処置のための方法及び医薬組成物 - Google Patents
Mapk経路の活性化に関連付けられる癌の処置のための方法及び医薬組成物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、MAPK経路の活性化に関連付けられる癌の処置のための方法及び医薬組成物に関する。
MAPK(マイトジェン活性化プロテインキナーゼ)経路は、多数の正常な生理学的プロセス(例えば細胞代謝、細胞周期進行、細胞死、及び神経機能など)において重要な役割を果たすことが示されている。MAPK経路は、しばしばRAS又はRAF遺伝子ファミリーメンバーにおける機能獲得型変異を通じて、有意な割合のヒト腫瘍において構成的に活性化されている。例えば、MAPK経路における変異は、最大90%のメラノーマ及び良性メラニン細胞性新生物がB−RAF、K−RAS、又はN−RASにおいて活性化変異を保有するという点で、メラノーマ発生において非常に重要であることが示されている。BRAFにおける活性化変異は、実際に全固形腫瘍の7〜8%、悪性メラノーマの60%、結腸直腸癌の8〜15%及び膵臓癌の3%、及び肺癌の2%において生じる。メラノーマは最も侵襲性の皮膚癌である。それはしばしば転移を誘導し、その発生率は迅速に増えており、驚くほどに上昇し続けている。手術は転移段階前のほぼ全ての症例において治癒的であるが、しかし、転移が現れた場合、手術、放射線療法、及び従来の化学療法はほとんど治癒効果を有さず、被験体の生存は通常短い。従って、いくつかの有望な新たな治療が、MAPK阻害剤、特に特異的抗BRAFV600阻害剤(例、ベムラフェニブ(PLX4032)及びダブラフェニブ)を使用した標的化学療法に本質的に基づいて開発されてきた。前臨床試験は、ベムラフェニブ及びダブラフェニブが変異BRAFタンパク質を遮断し、この変異を保有する腫瘍の低い割合において細胞増殖停止及び細胞死を誘導することを示している。ベムラフェニブ及びダブラフェニブの臨床試験は、BRAFV600E陽性転移性メラノーマ患者の50%超において治療効果を示している。より最近では、BRAF阻害剤及びMEK阻害剤との組み合わせによって腫瘍反応が改善され、BRAF変異被験体の全生存率の増加を誘導し、そのような被験体における第一選択治療としてこの併用を提案することに導いた。しかし、残念なことに、大半の被験体では、メラノーマ細胞は、MAPK阻害剤への耐性が獲得されると再び発生及び進行する。従って、それらの阻害剤への耐性を媒介する未知の経路の同定及び特徴付けは、この全被験体集団にわたる前記耐性を予防及び克服するための標的戦略の合理的設計のために不可欠である。
本発明は、MAPK経路の活性化に関連付けられる癌の処置のための方法及び医薬組成物に関する。特に、本発明は特許請求の範囲により定義する。
MAPK阻害剤への反応は、二次耐性及び迅速な再発により劇的に損なわれる。これまでに、これらの耐性を駆動する分子機構は完全には理解されていない。本発明者らは、BRAF変異メラノーマ細胞において、BRAF又はその標的MEKの阻害が、転写因子c−Junに依存する機構によりRHOB発現を誘導することを示した(Oncotarget. 2015 Jun 20;6(17):15250-64)。特に、それらの知見によって、BRAF阻害が腫瘍細胞の生存を促進するc−Jun/RHOB/AKT経路を活性化することが明らかになり、MAPK阻害剤へのメラノーマの耐性におけるこの経路の役割がさらに裏付けられる。今回、本発明者らは、c−Junの活性化がSLITRK6(SLIT及びNTRK様ファミリー、メンバー6)の発現を誘導することを示す。特に、本発明者らは、SLITRK6がMAPK阻害剤(例、ベムラフェニブ)により誘導され、その誘導の阻害がA375株におけるようにアポトーシス細胞死に導くことを実証する。このように、活性又は発現の阻害剤によるSLITRK6の阻害だけが、MAPK阻害剤の抗腫瘍効果を増強し、それらの化合物への耐性の出現を回避するはずである。さらに、SLITRK6の特異的発現はまた、ADCCを媒介することが可能な抗SLITRK6抗体又はSLITRK6に結合する抗体−薬物コンジュゲートを用いてそれらを標的化することによる残存癌細胞の枯渇に基づく戦略の道を開く。
配列番号1
配列番号2
BRAF阻害剤へのBRAF変異癌に罹患している被験体の反応は、二次耐性及び迅速な再発により劇的に損なわれる。これまで、これらの耐性を駆動する分子機構は完全には理解されていない。最近、本発明者らは、BRAF変異メラノーマ細胞株におけるBRAF又はその標的MEKの阻害が、転写因子c−Junに依存する機構によりRHOB発現を誘導することを示した(Oncotarget. 2015 Jun 20;6(17):15250-64) 。特に、本発明者らの知見は、BRAF阻害が腫瘍細胞生存を促進するc−Jun/RHOB/AKT経路を活性化することを明らかにし、さらにメラノーマのベムラフェニブ耐性におけるこの経路の役割を裏付ける。トランスクリプトーム分析後、本発明者らは、c−Junの活性化がSLITRK6(SLIT及びNTRK様ファミリー、メンバー6)の発現を誘導することを示した。特に、本発明者らは、SLITRK6発現がベムラフェニブ(PLX4032)により誘導されることを実証した(図1)。さらに、その誘導の阻害はアポトーシス細胞死に導き(図3及び4)、同時のBRAF(又はMAPK経路)阻害及びSLITRK6下方制御を通じた合成致死経路を明らかにする。このように、活性又は発現の阻害剤によるSLITRK6の阻害は、MAPK阻害剤の抗腫瘍効果を増強し、MAPK阻害剤への耐性の出現を回避するはずである。さらに、タンパク質の特異的発現はまた、ADCCを媒介することが可能な抗SLITRK6抗体又はSLITRK6に結合する抗体−薬物コンジュゲートを用いてそれらを標的化することによる残存癌細胞の枯渇に基づく戦略の道を開く。その目的において、本発明者らは、細胞がMAMPK阻害剤で処理された場合にのみ、SLITRK6に対して向けられたHal5−10acl2抗体がメラノーマ細胞に結合することを示す。さらに、本発明者らは、抗体がMAPK阻害剤での処置後にのみ腫瘍細胞を内在化することを示す。最後に、本発明者らは、モノメチルアウリスタチンE(MMAE)にコンジュゲートした抗体が腫瘍細胞をMAPK阻害剤に感作させることを2つの細胞株に示す。したがって、結果は、MAPK阻害剤との組み合わせにおける抗SLITRK6抗体−薬物コンジュゲートが合成致死率に導くことを示し、この組み合わせがMAPK経路の活性化に関連付けられる癌の処置のために適切でありうることを示す。
本願を通して、種々の参考文献が、本発明が関係する最先端技術を記載している。これらの参考文献の開示を、参照により本開示中に組み入れる。
Claims (15)
- 少なくとも1つのMAPK阻害剤及びSLITRK6発現癌細胞の細胞死を誘導することが可能な薬剤を含む治療的に効果的な組み合せを被験体に投与することを含む、それを必要とする被験体においてMAPK経路の活性化に関連付けられる癌を処置する方法。
- 被験体がMAPK経路に関与するタンパク質における変異により特徴付けられる癌に罹患している、請求項1記載の方法。
- 患者がNRAS変異癌又はBRAF変異癌に罹患している、請求項3記載の方法。
- 被験体が、メラノーマ、多発性骨髄腫、肺癌、結腸直腸癌、甲状腺癌、血液癌、白血病、及びリンパ腫からなる群より選択される癌に罹患している、請求項1記載の方法。
- MAPK阻害剤がMEK阻害剤及びBRAF阻害剤からなる群より選択される、請求項1記載の方法。
- 被験体が、BRAF阻害剤、MEK阻害剤、及びSLITRK6発現癌細胞の細胞死を誘導することが可能な薬剤を含む組み合わせを投与される、請求項1記載の方法。
- MAPK阻害剤がベルマフェニブである、請求項1記載の方法。
- 薬剤がSLITRK6発現の阻害剤である、請求項1記載の方法。
- 薬剤がSLITRK6について結合親和性を有する抗体である、請求項1記載の方法。
- 抗体が、American Type Culture Collection(ATCC)アクセッション番号PTA−13102下で寄託されたチャイニーズハムスター卵巣(CHO)細胞により産生されたHal5−10acl2と命名された抗体の重鎖及び軽鎖可変領域を含み、Hal5−10acl2の重鎖可変領域が配列番号1において示すアミノ酸を有し、Hal5−10acl2の軽鎖可変領域が配列番号2において示すアミノ酸配列を有する、請求項9記載の方法。
- 抗体が抗体依存的な細胞媒介性細胞傷害を媒介する、請求項9記載の方法。
- 抗体がアウリスタチン又はそのペプチド類似体、誘導体、もしくはプロドラッグにコンジュゲートしている、請求項9記載の方法。
- i)被験体から得られた腫瘍サンプル中のSLITRK6の発現を検出すること、及びii)SLITRK6の発現が工程i)で検出された場合に被験体が再発すると結論付けることを含む、MAPK阻害剤の投与を含む処置レジメン後に、癌に罹患している被験体において再発を決定する方法。
- 腫瘍サンプルが、被験体から切除された腫瘍からもたらされる、被験体の原発腫瘍において実施された、若しくは被験体の原発腫瘍から離れた転移において実施された生検からもたらされる、又は循環腫瘍細胞のサンプルである、請求項13記載の方法。
- SLITRK6の発現を検出することが、SLITRK6をコードするmRNAの量を検出することにより、又は免疫検出により決定される、請求項13記載の方法。
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WO2018146253A1 (en) | 2018-08-16 |
US20230372515A1 (en) | 2023-11-23 |
JP7341060B2 (ja) | 2023-09-08 |
US20190365920A1 (en) | 2019-12-05 |
US11471538B2 (en) | 2022-10-18 |
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