JP2020502752A - フッ化物イオン電気化学セル用複合電極材料 - Google Patents
フッ化物イオン電気化学セル用複合電極材料 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2020502752A JP2020502752A JP2019532014A JP2019532014A JP2020502752A JP 2020502752 A JP2020502752 A JP 2020502752A JP 2019532014 A JP2019532014 A JP 2019532014A JP 2019532014 A JP2019532014 A JP 2019532014A JP 2020502752 A JP2020502752 A JP 2020502752A
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- metal
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- fluoride
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- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 title description 17
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title description 16
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 123
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- -1 fluoride ions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000008393 encapsulating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 101
- 239000002082 metal nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 75
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 67
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- 229910017768 LaF 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910001512 metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical group [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002603 lanthanum Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- JVBXVOWTABLYPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium dithionite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])=O JVBXVOWTABLYPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- BEOOHQFXGBMRKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium cyanoborohydride Chemical compound [Na+].[B-]C#N BEOOHQFXGBMRKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000000703 Cerium Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);trinitrate Chemical group [La+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021626 Tin(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940075933 dithionate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005570 flexible polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002077 nanosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphinate Chemical compound [O-][PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000007715 potassium iodide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- CSMWJXBSXGUPGY-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium dithionate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)S([O-])(=O)=O CSMWJXBSXGUPGY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940075931 sodium dithionate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011150 stannous chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate Chemical compound C1N(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CCCC11CNCC1 ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- AXZWODMDQAVCJE-UHFFFAOYSA-L tin(II) chloride (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Sn+2] AXZWODMDQAVCJE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfurothioic S-acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=S DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001688 coating polymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001960 metal nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229940116254 phosphonic acid Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 229940048910 thiosulfate Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 abstract description 29
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 27
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011257 shell material Substances 0.000 description 76
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 40
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 32
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 25
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 24
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 20
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 16
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 13
- 150000004673 fluoride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910004261 CaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002114 nanocomposite Substances 0.000 description 7
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
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- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
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- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910016509 CuF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=CC=C1 JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DKNRELLLVOYIIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide;1-methyl-1-propylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCC[N+]1(C)CCCC1.FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F DKNRELLLVOYIIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003682 fluorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001848 post-transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLGSEOAVLVTJDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12-(1-adamantylcarbamoylamino)dodecanoic acid Chemical compound C1C(C2)CC3CC2CC1(NC(=O)NCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O)C3 XLGSEOAVLVTJDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RDKKQZIFDSEMNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylsulfonylpropane Chemical compound CCS(=O)(=O)C(C)C RDKKQZIFDSEMNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLLIQLLCWZCATF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxyethyl acetate Chemical compound COCCOC(C)=O XLLIQLLCWZCATF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) Chemical compound CCN(C(C)C)C(C)C JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000156302 Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus Species 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- IEFUHGXOQSVRDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide;1-methyl-1-propylpiperidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCC[N+]1(C)CCCCC1.FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F IEFUHGXOQSVRDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XSGKJXQWZSFJEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide;butyl(trimethyl)azanium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](C)(C)C.FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F XSGKJXQWZSFJEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- KGPPDNUWZNWPSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N flurotyl Chemical compound FC(F)(F)COCC(F)(F)F KGPPDNUWZNWPSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- 238000002173 high-resolution transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000001095 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MOVBJUGHBJJKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-amino-5-methoxybenzoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1N MOVBJUGHBJJKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
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- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl acetate Chemical compound CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- OYEHPCDNVJXUIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N plutonium atom Chemical compound [Pu] OYEHPCDNVJXUIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052699 polonium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HZEBHPIOVYHPMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N polonium atom Chemical compound [Po] HZEBHPIOVYHPMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- VQMWBBYLQSCNPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N promethium atom Chemical compound [Pm] VQMWBBYLQSCNPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052705 radium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCWPIIXVSYCSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N radium atom Chemical compound [Ra] HCWPIIXVSYCSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000036647 reaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- QRUBYZBWAOOHSV-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QRUBYZBWAOOHSV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010907 stover Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002522 swelling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052713 technetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKLVYJBZJHMRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N technetium atom Chemical compound [Tc] GKLVYJBZJHMRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOCCOC ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FCFMKFHUNDYKEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N thietane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCC1 FCFMKFHUNDYKEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L thiosulfate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]S([S-])(=O)=O DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003053 toxin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000765 toxin Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- AJSTXXYNEIHPMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl borate Chemical compound CCOB(OCC)OCC AJSTXXYNEIHPMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JFZKOODUSFUFIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoro phosphate Chemical compound FOP(=O)(OF)OF JFZKOODUSFUFIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRECIMRULFAWHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl borate Chemical compound COB(OC)OC WRECIMRULFAWHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GCMBIWYUVPAPEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl) borate Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(C(F)(F)F)OB(OC(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F)OC(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F GCMBIWYUVPAPEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OBAJXDYVZBHCGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane Chemical compound FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1B(C=1C(=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C=1F)F)C1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F OBAJXDYVZBHCGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- DNYWZCXLKNTFFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium Chemical compound [U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U] DNYWZCXLKNTFFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、米国特許出願第62/434,611号(2016年12月15日出願、発明の名称「フッ化物イオン電気化学セル用複合電極材料」)及び米国特許出願第62/453,295号(2017年2月1日出願、発明の名称「コアシェル」)の優先権を主張するものであり、この参照により当該米国特許出願の内容全体を援用する。
放電:
アノード:MFx+nF-→MFx+n+ne-(フッ化物イオン受容、酸化)
カソード:MFy+ne-→MFy-n+nF-(フッ化物イオン放出、還元)
放電:Ca+CuF2→CaF2+Cu
充電:CaF2+Cu→Ca+CuF2
(i)フッ化物イオン伝導性保護コーティング
Claims (67)
- 活物質を含有するコアと、
前記活物質の少なくとも一部を包囲するフッ化物含有シェルと、
を備える電気化学活性構造体。 - 請求項1記載の電気化学活性構造体において、
前記活物質はアルカリ土類金属を含む、
電気化学活性構造体。 - 請求項1記載の電気化学活性構造体において、
前記活物質は遷移金属を含む、
電気化学活性構造体。 - 請求項1記載の電気化学活性構造体において、
前記フッ化物含有シェルは前記コアに直接付着している、
電気化学活性構造体。 - 請求項1記載の電気化学活性構造体において、
前記フッ化物含有シェルは前記コアから離れており、前記フッ化物含有シェルと前記コアとの間に隙間が形成されている、
電気化学活性構造体。 - 請求項5記載の電気化学活性構造体において、
前記活物質は多重粒子を含み、前記フッ化物含有シェルは前記多重粒子を包囲している、
電気化学活性構造体。 - 請求項1記載の電気化学活性構造体において、
前記活物質はコバルト、ビスマス、銅、鉛、カルシウム、マグネシウム、ランタン、これらのフッ化物、及びフッ化物イオンを保持又は放出できるインターカレーション材料から選択される、
電気化学活性構造体。 - 請求項1記載の電気化学活性構造体において、
該電気化学活性構造体は、前記フッ化物含有シェルと前記活物質との間に、圧縮性ポリマーカプセル材をさらに備える、
電気化学活性構造体。 - 請求項1記載の電気化学活性構造体において、
前記活物質は、鉄ナノ粒子、コバルトナノ粒子、ニッケルナノ粒子、銅ナノ粒子、及び鉛ナノ粒子から選択される金属ナノ粒子を含む、
電気化学活性構造体。 - 請求項9記載の電気化学活性構造体において、
前記金属ナノ粒子は、コバルトナノ粒子及び銅ナノ粒子からなる群から選択される、
電気化学活性構造体。 - 請求項1記載の電気化学活性構造体を備える電極であって、
前記活物質は、第1の金属を含み、前記フッ化物含有シェルは、金属フッ化物を含み、前記金属フッ化物の金属は、第2の金属である、
電極。 - 請求項11記載の電極において、
前記第1の金属及び前記第2の金属は、同一の金属である、
電極。 - 請求項11記載の電極において、
前記第1の金属及び前記第2の金属は、異なる金属である、
電極。 - 請求項11記載の電極において、
前記第1の金属は、Cuを含み、前記フッ化物含有シェルは、LaF3を含む、
電極。 - 被覆金属ナノ粒子を製造する製造方法であって、該製造方法は、
a)水/金属ナノ粒子混合物を準備する工程と、
b)前記水/金属ナノ粒子混合物を不活性雰囲気に曝す工程と、
c)金属ナノ粒子コアの周辺にフッ化物含有シェルを形成する工程と、
を含む、製造方法。 - 請求項15記載の製造方法において、
前記フッ化物含有シェルは、前記金属ナノ粒子コアに直接付着する、
製造方法。 - 請求項15記載の製造方法において、
該製造方法は、b’)前記金属ナノ粒子コアと前記フッ化物含有シェルとの間に犠牲層を形成するために、前記フッ化物含有シェルを形成する前に、前記金属ナノ粒子コアの周辺に犠牲コーティングを形成する工程を、さらに含む、
製造方法。 - 請求項17記載の製造方法において、
該製造方法は、
d)前記犠牲層の少なくとも一部を除去し、前記金属ナノ粒子コアと前記フッ化物含有シェルとの間に隙間を形成する工程と、
e)前記フッ化物含有シェルをアニールする工程と、
をさらに含む、
製造方法。 - 請求項15記載の製造方法において、
該製造方法は、
d’)前記金属ナノ粒子コアの外面の少なくとも一部をエッチングし、前記金属ナノ粒子コアと前記フッ化物含有シェルとの間に隙間を形成する工程と、
e)前記フッ化物含有シェルをアニールする工程と、
をさらに含む、
製造方法。 - 請求項15記載の製造方法において、
前記金属ナノ粒子コアは、複数の金属ナノ粒子を含み、前記金属ナノ粒子は、アミン被覆ポリマー又はSiO2のナノスフェアの外面に付着している、
製造方法。 - 請求項20記載の製造方法において、
該製造方法は、
d’’)前記ナノスフェアを除去する工程と、
e)前記フッ化物含有シェルをアニールする工程と、
をさらに含む、
製造方法。 - 請求項15記載の製造方法において、
該製造方法は、前記金属ナノ粒子コアの周辺に前記フッ化物含有シェルを形成する前に、b’’)前記水/金属ナノ粒子混合物に還元剤(i)を加える工程をさらに含む、
製造方法。 - 請求項17記載の製造方法において、
前記犠牲コーティングは、共形犠牲ポリマーである、
製造方法。 - 請求項17記載の製造方法において、
前記犠牲コーティングは、寸法柔軟性ポリマーである、
製造方法。 - 請求項24記載の製造方法において、
前記寸法柔軟性ポリマーは、フッ化物伝導性である、
製造方法。 - 請求項22記載の製造方法において、
前記還元剤(i)は、ヒドラジン、水素化ホウ素ナトリウム、シアノ水素化ホウ素ナトリウム、ジチオン酸ナトリウム、亜ジチオン酸ナトリウム、硫酸鉄(II)、塩化スズ(II)、ヨウ化カリウム、シュウ酸、ギ酸、アスコルビン酸、チオ硫酸塩、ジチオン酸塩、亜リン酸、亜リン酸塩、次亜リン酸塩、又はこれらの混合物を含む、
製造方法。 - 請求項26記載の製造方法において、
前記還元剤(i)は、ヒドラジン、水素化ホウ素ナトリウム、シアノ水素化ホウ素ナトリウム、ジチオン酸ナトリウム、及び亜ジチオン酸ナトリウムの少なくとも1種を含む、
製造方法。 - 請求項22記載の製造方法において、
前記還元剤(i)は、ヒドラジンである、
製造方法。 - 請求項15記載の製造方法において、
前記フッ化物含有シェルを形成する前記工程では、金属塩(i)及びフッ化物含有塩を前記水/金属ナノ粒子混合物に加えて前記金属ナノ粒子コアの周辺に前記フッ化物含有シェルを形成する、
製造方法。 - 請求項29記載の製造方法において、
該製造方法は、前記金属塩(i)及び前記フッ化物含有塩を前記水/金属ナノ粒子混合物に加える前に、還元剤(i)を前記水/金属ナノ粒子混合物に加える工程をさらに含む、
製造方法。 - 請求項30記載の製造方法において、
前記金属塩(i)は、アルカリ金属塩、アルカリ土類金属塩、及び遷移金属塩からなる群から選択される、
製造方法。 - 請求項30記載の製造方法において、
前記金属塩(i)は、遷移金属塩である、
製造方法。 - 請求項30記載の製造方法において、
前記金属塩(i)は、ランタン塩、セリウム塩、及びマグネシウム塩からなる群から選択される、
製造方法。 - 請求項30記載の製造方法において、
前記金属塩(i)は、ランタン塩及びセリウム塩からなる群から選択される、
製造方法。 - 請求項30記載の製造方法において、
前記金属塩(i)は、ランタン塩である、
製造方法。 - 請求項35記載の製造方法において、
前記ランタン塩は、硝酸ランタンである、
製造方法。 - 請求項35記載の製造方法において、
前記フッ化物含有塩は、フッ化ナトリウムである、
製造方法。 - 請求項37記載の製造方法において、
前記ランタン塩は、硝酸ランタンである、
製造方法。 - 請求項38記載の製造方法において、
前記硝酸ランタン及び前記フッ化ナトリウムは、前記水/金属ナノ粒子/還元剤混合物に同時に加えられる、
製造方法。 - 請求項35記載の製造方法において、
前記ランタン塩及び前記フッ化物含有塩は、前記水/金属ナノ粒子/還元剤混合物に同時に加えられる、
製造方法。 - 請求項15記載の製造方法において、
前記金属ナノ粒子は、鉄ナノ粒子、コバルトナノ粒子、ニッケルナノ粒子、銅ナノ粒子、及び鉛ナノ粒子からなる群から選択される、
製造方法。 - 請求項41記載の製造方法において、
前記金属ナノ粒子は、コバルトナノ粒子及び銅ナノ粒子からなる群から選択される、
製造方法。 - 請求項30記載の製造方法において、
該製造方法は、1つ以上の単離金属ナノ粒子を水中で室温で混合し、前記水/金属ナノ粒子混合物を調製する工程をさらに含む、
製造方法。 - 請求項43記載の製造方法において、
該製造方法は、1種以上の安定化剤の存在下で金属塩(ii)を還元剤(ii)と混合して前記1つ以上の単離金属ナノ粒子を形成する工程をさらに含み、前記1種以上の安定化剤は、それぞれ500g/mol未満の分子量を有する、
製造方法。 - 請求項44記載の製造方法において、
前記1種以上の安定化剤は、それぞれ400g/mol未満の分子量を有する、
製造方法。 - 請求項45記載の製造方法において、
前記1種以上の安定化剤は、それぞれ350g/mol未満の分子量を有する、
製造方法。 - 請求項44記載の製造方法において、
前記1種以上の安定化剤は、クエン酸及びCTABの少なくとも1つを含む、
製造方法。 - 請求項44記載の製造方法において、
前記1つ以上の単離金属ナノ粒子は、水、前記金属塩(ii)、及び前記1種以上の安定化剤を含む第1の混合物を、水、前記還元剤(ii)、及び前記1種以上の安定化剤を含む第2の混合物と混合することによって、形成される、
製造方法。 - 請求項48記載の製造方法において、
前記第2の混合物を前記第1の混合物と混合する前に、前記第2の混合物をアルゴンの存在下で少なくとも15分間混合する、
製造方法。 - 請求項44記載の製造方法において、
前記金属ナノ粒子を前記金属塩(ii)、前記還元剤(ii)、及び前記1種以上の安定化剤の反応混合物から単離し、
前記金属ナノ粒子を前記還元剤(i)、前記金属塩(i)、及び前記フッ化物含有塩と混合する前に、前記単離金属ナノ粒子を溶媒で1回以上洗浄し、
洗浄後の前記単離金属ナノ粒子を前記金属塩(i)及び前記フッ化物含有塩と混合する前に、任意に、不活性雰囲気中で前記単離金属ナノ粒子を水及び前記還元剤(i)と混合する、
製造方法。 - 請求項44記載の製造方法において、
前記還元剤(ii)は、ヒドラジン、水素化ホウ素ナトリウム、シアノ水素化ホウ素ナトリウム、ジチオン酸ナトリウム、亜ジチオン酸ナトリウム、硫酸鉄(II)、塩化スズ(II)、ヨウ化カリウム、シュウ酸、ギ酸、アスコルビン酸、チオ硫酸塩、ジチオン酸塩、亜リン酸、亜リン酸塩、及び次亜リン酸塩の少なくとも1つを含む、
製造方法。 - 請求項51記載の製造方法において、
前記還元剤(ii)は、ヒドラジン、水素化ホウ素ナトリウム、シアノ水素化ホウ素ナトリウム、ジチオン酸ナトリウム、及び亜ジチオン酸ナトリウムの少なくとも1つを含む、
製造方法。 - 請求項52記載の製造方法において、
前記還元剤(ii)は、ヒドラジンである、
製造方法。 - 請求項44記載の製造方法において、
前記金属塩(ii)は、金属硝酸塩である、
製造方法。 - 請求項54記載の製造方法において、
前記金属塩(ii)は、硝酸銅であり、前記金属ナノ粒子は、銅ナノ粒子である、
製造方法。 - 請求項48記載の製造方法において、
前記第2の混合物と混合する前に、前記第1の混合物のpHを10〜11に調整する、
製造方法。 - 請求項56記載の製造方法において、
前記第2の混合物と混合する前に、水酸化アンモニウム及び水酸化ナトリウムの少なくとも1つを加えることによって、前記第1の混合物のpHを10〜11に調整する、
製造方法。 - 請求項30記載の製造方法において、
前記金属塩(i)及び前記フッ化物含有塩を前記水/金属ナノ粒子/還元剤混合物に同時に加える、
製造方法。 - 請求項30記載の製造方法において、
前記金属塩(i)は、ランタン塩であり、前記金属塩(i)及び前記フッ化物含有塩を前記水/金属ナノ粒子/還元剤混合物に同時に加える、
製造方法。 - 請求項15記載の製造方法において、
前記金属ナノ粒子は、鉄ナノ粒子、コバルトナノ粒子、ニッケルナノ粒子、銅ナノ粒子、及び鉛ナノ粒子からなる群から選択される、
製造方法。 - 請求項15記載の製造方法において、
前記金属ナノ粒子は、コバルトナノ粒子及び銅ナノ粒子からなる群から選択される、
製造方法。 - 請求項15記載の製造方法において、
前記被覆金属ナノ粒子は、Cu−LaF3コアシェル型ナノ粒子である、
製造方法。 - 請求項15記載の製造方法によって製造した被覆金属ナノ粒子を含む、フッ化物シャトル電池用電極。
- 請求項63記載の電極を有する電池。
- 請求項11記載の電極を有する電池。
- 請求項14記載の電極を有する電池。
- 請求項1記載の電気化学活性構造体を備える電極を有する電池。
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US11251420B2 (en) | 2022-02-15 |
US20220037652A1 (en) | 2022-02-03 |
JP7340451B2 (ja) | 2023-09-07 |
US11881581B2 (en) | 2024-01-23 |
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EP3555940A4 (en) | 2020-07-08 |
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