JP2020502368A - 多層構造のめっき鋼板及びその製造方法 - Google Patents

多層構造のめっき鋼板及びその製造方法 Download PDF

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JP2020502368A
JP2020502368A JP2019533483A JP2019533483A JP2020502368A JP 2020502368 A JP2020502368 A JP 2020502368A JP 2019533483 A JP2019533483 A JP 2019533483A JP 2019533483 A JP2019533483 A JP 2019533483A JP 2020502368 A JP2020502368 A JP 2020502368A
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layer
steel sheet
plated steel
corrosion resistance
thickness
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JP2019533483A
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JP6974467B2 (ja
Inventor
ギョン−ピル コ、
ギョン−ピル コ、
ギョン−フン ナム、
ギョン−フン ナム、
テ−ヨプ キム、
テ−ヨプ キム、
ドン−ヨル イ、
ドン−ヨル イ、
ヨン−ファ チョン、
ヨン−ファ チョン、
ウ−ソン チョン、
ウ−ソン チョン、
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Posco Holdings Inc
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Posco Co Ltd
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Abstract

本発明は、自動車、家電、建築用などの材料に多く用いられるめっき鋼板に関し、より詳細には、多層構造のめっき鋼板及びその製造方法に関する。

Description

本発明は、自動車、家電、建築用などの材料に多く用いられるめっき鋼板に関し、より詳細には、多層構造のめっき鋼板及びその製造方法に関する。
自動車材料、家電製品、建築材料などの用途に用いられる鋼板製品の表面は、耐食性、耐久性を向上させるために、電気めっきや溶融めっきなどの方式で亜鉛めっきを行う。このような亜鉛めっきで処理された製品は、未処理の一般鋼板製品に比べて亜鉛の犠牲防食性によって耐食性が格段に向上するため、産業全般にわたって適用されている。
しかし、最近の関連産業分野では、耐食性にさらに優れるとともに、軽くて経済的なめっき製品に対する要求が増加し、それに対応する技術開発も活発に行われている。さらに、上記亜鉛めっき鋼板めっき層の主原料である亜鉛の価格が急激に上昇しているため、亜鉛の含量を低減させてめっき付着量を縮小させたり、亜鉛を他の元素に代替したりする研究が続いている。
まず、めっき鋼板のめっき付着量を低減する技術が提案されているものの、めっき付着量は金属の腐食防止と長期防錆性に大きな影響を与える因子であり、めっき付着量が増加するにつれて、赤錆が発生するまでの時間が増加して耐食性が高くなる。したがって、耐食性低下の問題のため、めっき付着量を低減させることは難しい。
一方、亜鉛を活用して他物質と結合する様々な合金化研究が行われている。代表的な研究としては、Zn−Mg合金めっきは亜鉛(Zn)めっきに比べて優れた耐食性を示すため、Zn−Mg合金またはZn−Mg−X(X=Al、Ni、Cr、Pb、Cuなど)合金のように第3の元素を含む様々な製品が多く開発されている。
しかし、Zn−Mg合金めっきは、形成される合金相(phase)がすべて金属間化合物であるMgZn11、MgZn、MgZn、MgZnなどであるため、ZnあるいはMgに比べて非常に脆い(brittle)特性を有する。そのため、鋼板の加工段階で多数のクラックまたは剥離(peel−off)が発生し、実際には応用が難しいという欠点がある。即ち、Zn−Mg合金めっきは、純粋亜鉛めっきと比較して、硬くて割れやすい特性を有しているため、わずかな変形でもめっき層にクラック(crack)が発生して剥離しやすくなり、めっき密着力が著しく低下するという欠点がある。
また、Zn−Mgめっき層に含まれているMgの活性が非常に高いため、湿った雰囲気で製品の表面が水分と反応して黒く変わる黒変現象が発生し、製品の品質を低下させる問題として作用する。このような黒変現象を防止するために、特許文献1及び2が提案されている。
特開平9−241828号公報 特開2005−146340号公報
本発明の一側面は、めっき層の耐食性に優れるとともに、表面の黒変現象が発生しない耐黒変性に優れ、めっき層の密着力に優れたZn/Mn/Zn多層構造のめっき鋼板とその製造方法を提供することを目的とする。
本発明の解決課題は、以上で言及した課題に制限されず、言及されていない他の課題は、以下の記載から当業者が明確に理解することができる。
本発明の一態様は、素地鋼板と、
上記素地鋼板上に形成された第1Zn層と、
上記第1Zn層上に形成された第2Mg層と、
上記第2Mg層上に形成された第3Zn層と、を含み、上記第2Mg層は非晶質相である、多層構造のめっき鋼板を提供する。
本発明の他の一態様は、素地鋼板を準備する段階と、
上記素地鋼板上に第1Zn層を形成する段階と、
上記第1Zn層上に第2Mg層を形成する段階と、
上記第2Mg層上に第3Zn層を形成する段階と、を含み、
上記第2Mg層及び第3Zn層は真空蒸着法で形成し、素地鋼板の温度は50〜120℃である、多層構造のめっき鋼板の製造方法を提供する。
本発明によると、優れた耐食性を有し、めっき密着性に優れるとともに表面黒変現象が発生しないZn/Mg/Zn構造の多層めっき鋼板とその製造方法を提供することができる。
本発明の一実施形態によるZn/Mg/Zn多層めっき鋼板を示すTEM写真である。 本発明の一実施形態によるZn/Mg/Zn多層めっき鋼板において第2Mg層のTEM回折パターンを撮影した写真である。 (a)と(b)はそれぞれ、発明例8と比較例8の耐食性を評価した写真である。 (a)と(b)はそれぞれ、発明例8と比較例10のめっき密着性評価(OT bending test)写真である。
以下、本発明について詳細に説明する。
本発明の一実施形態は、素地鋼板の表面に、第1Zn層、第2Mg層及び第3Zn層の多層構造を形成して各層の厚さを制御し、第2Mg層内部への第3Zn層の拡散を調節するとともに、第2Mg層自体の非晶質化を介して耐食性を格段に向上させ、結晶化したZn−Mg合金層の形成を防止してめっき密着力を確保することができ、上部Zn層をさらにコーティングして黒変現象を防止する。
まず、本発明の多層めっき鋼板について詳細に説明する。本発明の多層めっき鋼板は、図1に示されているように、素地鋼板上に形成された第1Zn層、上記第1Zn層上に形成された第2Mg層、及び上記第2Mg層上に形成された第3Zn層を含む。
上記素地鋼板の種類は特に制限されず、熱延鋼板、冷延鋼板など本発明が属する技術分野で用いられるものであれば、いずれも使用できる。
上記素地鋼板上には第1Zn層が形成される。上記第1Zn層は、溶融亜鉛めっき、電気亜鉛めっき、真空蒸着などの方法により形成されることができる。上記第1Zn層のめっき層組成は特に限定されず、通常の溶融亜鉛めっき、電気亜鉛めっき、真空蒸着などのめっき層組成が適用される。
上記第1Zn層は、1〜3μmの厚さを有することが好ましい。上記第1Zn層の厚さが1μmより小さいと、鉄素地の粗度によってめっきされる厚さの偏差が大きくなり、めっき効果が減少することがある。一方、本発明の多層構造のめっき鋼板全体の耐食性は、第2Mg層によって大きく左右されるが、第1Zn層の厚さが3μmを超えると、耐食性向上に対する効果が大きくないのにもかかわらず、時間とコストが増加して非効率的であるという問題がある。
上記第1Zn層上には第2Mg層が形成され、上記第2Mg層上には第3Zn層が形成される。上記第2Mg層及び第3Zn層は、純粋なMgとZn金属をそれぞれ活用して真空蒸着法で形成することが好ましい。
上記第2Mg層内部は、第3Zn層から拡散したZnが混合された一種の固溶相(solid solution)となり、Znが拡散することによってMg結晶構造に変動が生じる。その結果、第2Mg層は格子歪(lattice distortion)を伴って正常的な結晶化(crystallization)が起こらなくなる。また、拡散するZnがMg粒子の成長を妨げて、結果的に第2Mg層は非晶質相(amorphous phase)に成長する。上記第2Mg層が非晶質相であるか否かは、TEM(Transmission Electron Microscope)を介して確認できる。即ち、図2に示されているように、第2Mg層には回折パターンが結晶質構造を示すスポット(spot)形態のパターンが示されておらず、これは非晶質相に成長したことを意味する。
一方、上記第2Mg層は、非晶質相でありながら、内部にMgと拡散したZnとが反応して微細に形成されたZn−Mg非晶質相またはナノ結晶状のZn−Mg合金相を含むことができる。上記ナノ結晶状のZn−Mg合金相は、最大数十nmのサイズを有しているため、一般的に結晶化された合金相とは異なり、XRD(X−ray diffraction)やTEMで観察しても非晶質相が見られる。即ち、上記Zn−Mg非晶質相またはナノ結晶状のZn−Mg合金相が非晶質の第2Mg層内の一部を占めている構造を有する。
このようなZn−Mg非晶質相またはナノ結晶Zn−Mg合金相は、第2Mg層内部における耐食性向上に第2Mg層の非晶質化が加わって相乗効果を奏することができる。一般に、非晶質は、結晶質よりも電気比抵抗(resistivity)が大きいため、導電性が低い。これにより、電気化学反応が起こらなくなり、腐食反応に、より一層耐えることができるようになる。したがって、上記Zn−Mg非晶質相は、非晶質効果とともに、一定の合金相として耐食性に大きく寄与する。また、拡散したZnが第2Mg層内部におけるナノメートル単位の微細な領域に合金化されて形成されたナノ結晶Zn−Mg合金相は、コーティング層全体が合金相で形成されたMgxZny程度の耐食性を有していないが、少なくとも純粋MgまたはZnとして存在する場合よりも、腐食特性を大きく向上させることが期待される。
上記第2Mg層内部にZnが拡散して形成された、上記第2Mg層内のZn−Mg非晶質相またはナノ結晶状のZn−Mg合金相に含まれているZnの含量は、20〜60重量%であることが好ましい。もし、20重量%よりも少なく拡散すると、Mgの成長に大きな影響を与えなくなり、Mg格子歪も大きくならないため、非晶質化が円滑に起こらなくなる。また、拡散したZnが60重量%を超えると、その分、基板温度の影響を大きく受けて大きく拡散し、そのような基板温度の上昇によって拡散したZnが熱駆動力によって一部Mgと合金化されて、結晶化したZn−Mg合金相が一部形成される。このようなZn−Mg合金相は、非晶質ではなく結晶質相をなしており、背景技術で述べたように脆性が高い領域であって、めっき密着性に悪影響を及ぼすとともに、黒変現象を起こす。したがって、第2Mg層内部に拡散したZnの量は、最大60重量%が好ましい。
上記第2Mg層の厚さは0.5〜1.5μmであることが好ましい。第2Mg層の厚さが0.5μm未満であると、Znの拡散による非晶質化及びナノ結晶Mg−Zn合金相が内部に形成されても、厚さが薄いため、耐食性に寄与する効果が低くなる。一方、第2Mg層の厚さが1.5μmを超えると、Znが拡散可能な厚さ以上となって純粋Mgからなるコーティング層区間が広くなり、耐食性向上に寄与しない不要なコーティング層が形成されて非経済的であり、第3Zn層をコーティングしても、経時的に黒変現象が生じることがある。
上記第3Zn層は、上述のように、第2Mg層内部に拡散できるZnを供給するとともに、第2Mg層が表面に露出した場合に黒変現象が発生することを防止する一種の保護皮膜またはバリア(barrier)層としての役割を果たす。上記第3Zn層の厚さは1〜3μmである。第3Zn層の厚さが1μm未満であると、第2Mg層の黒変現象を防ぐためにコーティングされたZn層が塗膜内部への外部湿気などの侵入を十分に遮断できないため、十分な耐黒変性を期待できない。一方、上記第3Zn層の厚さが3μmを超えると、耐黒変性向上の効果がこれ以上大きくならず、不要な塗膜層を形成するため、非経済的である。
以下、本発明の多層めっき鋼板の製造方法について詳細に説明する。本発明の多層めっき鋼板は、素地鋼板を準備する段階と、上記準備された素地鋼板上に第1Zn層を形成する段階と、上記第1Zn層上に第2Mg層を形成する段階と、上記第2Mg層上に第3Zn層を形成する段階と、を含む。
上記素地鋼板を準備する過程には、素地鋼板の表面に形成されたナノメートルレベルの薄い酸化膜(スケール)を除去する過程が含まれることができる。上記酸化膜を除去するための方法は、特に限定されず、例えば、イオンビームを用いたプラズマエッチングを介して上記酸化膜を除去することができる。上記のように酸化膜が除去された素地鋼板の表面にめっき層を形成する。
上記素地鋼板上に第1Zn層を形成する方法は、上述のように特に限定されず、通常の溶融亜鉛めっき、電気亜鉛めっき、真空蒸着などの方法によって形成されることができる。上記第1Zn層のめっき層組成は特に限定されず、通常の溶融亜鉛めっき、電気亜鉛めっき、真空蒸着方法のZnめっきであればよい。
上記第2Mg層と第3Zn層はそれぞれ、純粋Mg及びZn金属を用いて真空蒸着法で形成することが好ましい。このとき表面の異物や自然酸化膜は、プラズマ、イオンビームなどを用いて除去することが好ましい。上記真空蒸着法は、電子ビーム法、スパッタリング法、熱蒸発法、誘導加熱蒸発法、イオンプレーティング法などを適用することができ、好ましくは、生産速度を向上させるために、高速蒸着が可能であり、且つ電磁攪拌(Electromagnetic Stirring)効果を有する電磁浮揚誘導加熱法によって形成することが好ましい。
上記第2Mg層と第3Zn層を真空蒸着する際に、素地鋼板の温度は50〜120℃とすることが好ましい。上記素地鋼板の温度が上昇すると、蒸着される物質の原子移動が円滑となり、物質の拡散移動度を増加させることができる。素地鋼板の温度が50℃以上であると、上記第2Mg層内部に第3Zn層のZn原子が円滑に拡散することができるが、120℃を超えると、拡散したZn原子と第2Mg層内部のMg原子との合金化が始まって、結晶化したZn−Mg合金層が一部形成される。
上記Zn−Mg合金層の形成は、耐食性を大きく向上させる効果を有するが、合金化された領域が大きくなるにつれて、脆性が高い合金相の割合が共に増加するため、加工時にめっき層が脱落してめっき密着性を劣化させる。このような理由により、素地鋼板の温度は50〜120℃とすることが好ましい。
一方、上記第2Mg層と第3Zn層を真空蒸着する際に、チャンバ内の真空度は1×10−5〜1×10−2mbarとすることが好ましい。このような真空度を保持すると、薄膜形成過程において酸化物形成による脆性の増加や物性の低下を防止することができる。
以下、本発明の実施例について詳細に説明する。下記実施例は、本発明の理解を助けるためのものであり、本発明を限定するものではない。
(実施例1)
素地鋼板として一般冷延鋼板を準備し、通常の電気亜鉛めっきで第1Zn層を形成した。
以後、真空チャンバー内に装入し、プラズマ前処理を介して表面の異物及び自然酸化膜を除去した後、電磁浮揚誘導加熱蒸着法を用いて第2Mg層及び第3Zn層を形成した。各層の厚さと蒸着の際の温度は表1に示した。第2Mg層と第3Zn層を真空蒸着する際のチャンバー内部の真空度は、約2×10−2〜9×10−4mbarの間を保持させた。
このように製造された多層めっき鋼板について、耐黒変性、めっき密着性、耐食性などを評価して表1に共に示した。
このとき、耐黒変性評価は、温度50℃及び相対湿度95%である恒温恒湿器中でめっき鋼板を72時間保持する前と後の色差を目視で判定した。
○:色変化なし、×:表面黒化発生
めっき密着性は、一般に用いられるOT曲げ試験(OT bending test)を用いて剥離の有無を評価し、薄膜の相をXRD分析を介して分析した。上記薄膜の相分析は、めっき層構造全体に対して行ったものであり、表1に表記されているZn+Mgは、第1Zn層及び第3Zn層のZn結晶相と、第2Mg層が非晶質化されなくてMg結晶相が共に分析された場合を意味する。一方、表1に表記されているZnは、第2Mg層が非晶質化されてMg結晶相がXRDから観察されないことにより、第1Zn層及び第3Zn層のZn結晶相のみが分析された場合を意味する。
最後に、耐食性評価は、塩水濃度5%、温度35℃、噴霧圧1kg/cmの条件で塩水噴霧試験を行い、5%の赤錆が発生する時間を測定した。耐食性評価に対する結果判定の基準は、以下の通りである。
120時間以上:OK、120時間未満:NG
Figure 2020502368
発明の条件を満たす発明例1〜7の場合、優れた耐黒変性、優れためっき密着性及び耐食性を有するめっき鋼板を経済的に製造できることが確認できた。
比較例1〜3は、第3Zn層を形成せず、第1Zn層と第2Mg層からなる二層構造のみを形成した場合であり、ZnとMgが単一相として各層を構成して耐食性に非常に脆弱な特性を示し、上部がMg層で覆われているため、黒変現象が顕著である結果が示された。
比較例4では、第3Zn層の拡散により第2Mg層の非晶質化及び第2Mg層の微細領域における非晶質またはナノ結晶Zn−Mg合金化がなされて耐食性が向上するが、本発明で提示したMg層の厚さを超えて不要なコーティング層領域として存在するため、経済的ではない。
比較例5では、第3Zn層の厚さが本発明で提示した厚さ以下にコーティングされて、拡散可能なZn量の範囲が小さくなることにより、第2Mg層内部に拡散するZn量が少なく、それによるMg及び一部Zn−Mgの非晶質化程度、ナノ結晶Zn−Mg合金相の形成程度が低くなり、耐食性に劣る結果が示された。
比較例6では、第3Zn層の厚さが本発明で提示した厚さ以上にコーティングされ、耐食性向上の効果が少ないため、非経済的であり、また、第3Zn層が過度に厚くなることにより、めっき密着性にやや劣る結果が示された。
比較例7では、第1Zn層の厚さが本発明で提示した厚さ以上にコーティングされ、本発明で求める特性向上に及ぼす効果が少なく、経済的に不要なコーティング層領域を含む厚さとなる。
(実施例2)
次に、実施例1と同一の条件で、第1Zn層、第2Mg層及び第3Zn層をそれぞれ1、1、3μmの厚さに製造した。但し、第2Mg層と第3Zn層を真空蒸着する際の基板温度を室温から160℃まで異ならせて、第3Zn層のZn拡散度を調節してめっき鋼板を製造した。
上述のように製造されためっき鋼板について、耐黒変性、めっき密着性、耐食性、及び相分析を実施例1の方法で評価し、その結果を下記表2に示した。また、第2Mg層内部に拡散したZnの重量比を第2Mg層の断面部に対するTEM−EDS点分析を介して分析し、その結果を表2に共に示した。
Figure 2020502368
本発明の条件を満たす発明例8〜10は、いずれも優れた耐黒変性、めっき密着性、耐食性を有することが確認できる。
これに対し、比較例8は、別途の加熱作業を行わずに第2Zn層と第3Mg層をコーティングした際に、第3Zn層からのZnの拡散が全く行われなかったため、それぞれのコーティング層が個別に存在し、耐食性に非常に劣る結果が示された。比較例9は、30℃で加熱され、第3Zn層からのZnの拡散程度が低く、第2Mg層内部に存在するZn量が数%未満であるため、Mg層も結晶化したMg相が形成された。これにより、非晶質化がほとんど起こらず、耐食性が相対的に低下する結果が示された。
比較例10は、160℃で加熱されて第3Zn層からのZnの拡散が十分に行われた。また、合金化がある程度行われる温度領域に入ることによって、第2Mg層のMgと拡散したZnの合金化が一部行われてZn−Mg合金相が一部形成された。このようなZn−Mg合金相は、XRDによって測定した結果、MgZn11相であることが確認された。このように結晶化がなされた合金相の形成によって耐食性は十分に発現されたものの、Zn−Mg合金相特有の脆性が高くなることによって、めっき密着性の側面で剥離現象が一部発生する結果が示された。
一方、図3の(a)と(b)はそれぞれ、発明例8と比較例8の耐食性評価後に表面の赤錆発生を観察した写真である。図3に示すように、本発明(a)では赤錆が発生していないのに対し、比較例(b)では赤錆が発生したことが分かる。また、図4の(a)と(b)はそれぞれ、発明例8と比較例10のOT曲げ試験(OT bending test)結果を示すものであり、発明(a)では塗膜の剥離が大きく発生していないが、比較例(b)では塗膜の剥離が大きく発生したことが分かった。

Claims (9)

  1. 素地鋼板と、
    前記素地鋼板上に形成された第1Zn層と、
    前記第1Zn層上に形成された第2Mg層と、
    前記第2Mg層上に形成された第3Zn層と、を含み、
    前記第2Mg層は非晶質相である、多層構造のめっき鋼板。
  2. 前記第2Mg層は、Zn−Mg非晶質相及びナノ結晶状のZn−Mg合金相のうち一つ以上を含む、請求項1に記載の多層構造のめっき鋼板。
  3. 前記Zn−Mg非晶質相及びナノ結晶状のZn−Mg合金相に含まれているZnの含量は、20〜60重量%である、請求項2に記載の多層構造のめっき鋼板。
  4. 前記第1Zn層の厚さは、1〜3μmである、請求項1に記載の多層構造のめっき鋼板。
  5. 前記第2Mg層の厚さは、0.5〜1.5μmである、請求項1に記載の多層構造のめっき鋼板。
  6. 前記第3Zn層の厚さは、1〜3μmである、請求項1に記載の多層構造のめっき鋼板。
  7. 素地鋼板を準備する段階と、
    前記素地鋼板上に第1Zn層を形成する段階と、
    前記第1Zn層上に第2Mg層を形成する段階と、
    前記第2Mg層上に第3Zn層を形成する段階と、を含み、
    前記第2Mg層及び第3Zn層は真空蒸着法で形成し、素地鋼板の温度は50〜120℃である、多層構造のめっき鋼板の製造方法。
  8. 前記第1Zn層は、溶融めっき、電気めっき、及び真空蒸着から選択されたいずれか一つの方法で形成する、請求項7に記載の多層構造のめっき鋼板の製造方法。
  9. 前記第2Mg層及び第3Zn層を真空蒸着する際のチャンバーの真空度は、1×10−5〜1×10−2mbarである、請求項7に記載の多層構造のめっき鋼板の製造方法。
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