JP2020501375A - 導電性特徴をエッチングする方法、ならびに関連するデバイスおよびシステム - Google Patents

導電性特徴をエッチングする方法、ならびに関連するデバイスおよびシステム Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP2020501375A
JP2020501375A JP2019531090A JP2019531090A JP2020501375A JP 2020501375 A JP2020501375 A JP 2020501375A JP 2019531090 A JP2019531090 A JP 2019531090A JP 2019531090 A JP2019531090 A JP 2019531090A JP 2020501375 A JP2020501375 A JP 2020501375A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
layer
material layer
conductive
etching
substrate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP2019531090A
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP2020501375A5 (enExample
Inventor
ナヴァ シュパイスマン,
ナヴァ シュパイスマン,
モシェ フレンケル,
モシェ フレンケル,
Original Assignee
カティーバ, インコーポレイテッド
カティーバ, インコーポレイテッド
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by カティーバ, インコーポレイテッド, カティーバ, インコーポレイテッド filed Critical カティーバ, インコーポレイテッド
Publication of JP2020501375A publication Critical patent/JP2020501375A/ja
Publication of JP2020501375A5 publication Critical patent/JP2020501375A5/ja
Priority to JP2023111882A priority Critical patent/JP2023139049A/ja
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05KPRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K3/00Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
    • H05K3/02Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which the conductive material is applied to the surface of the insulating support and is thereafter removed from such areas of the surface which are not intended for current conducting or shielding
    • H05K3/06Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which the conductive material is applied to the surface of the insulating support and is thereafter removed from such areas of the surface which are not intended for current conducting or shielding the conductive material being removed chemically or electrolytically, e.g. by photo-etch process
    • H05K3/061Etching masks
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05KPRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K3/00Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
    • H05K3/02Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which the conductive material is applied to the surface of the insulating support and is thereafter removed from such areas of the surface which are not intended for current conducting or shielding
    • H05K3/06Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which the conductive material is applied to the surface of the insulating support and is thereafter removed from such areas of the surface which are not intended for current conducting or shielding the conductive material being removed chemically or electrolytically, e.g. by photo-etch process
    • H05K3/068Apparatus for etching printed circuits
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05KPRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K3/00Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
    • H05K3/22Secondary treatment of printed circuits
    • H05K3/28Applying non-metallic protective coatings
    • H05K3/282Applying non-metallic protective coatings for inhibiting the corrosion of the circuit, e.g. for preserving the solderability
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05KPRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K2203/00Indexing scheme relating to apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits covered by H05K3/00
    • H05K2203/01Tools for processing; Objects used during processing
    • H05K2203/0104Tools for processing; Objects used during processing for patterning or coating
    • H05K2203/013Inkjet printing, e.g. for printing insulating material or resist
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05KPRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K2203/00Indexing scheme relating to apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits covered by H05K3/00
    • H05K2203/03Metal processing
    • H05K2203/0392Pretreatment of metal, e.g. before finish plating, etching
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05KPRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K2203/00Indexing scheme relating to apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits covered by H05K3/00
    • H05K2203/11Treatments characterised by their effect, e.g. heating, cooling, roughening
    • H05K2203/1163Chemical reaction, e.g. heating solder by exothermic reaction
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05KPRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K2203/00Indexing scheme relating to apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits covered by H05K3/00
    • H05K2203/11Treatments characterised by their effect, e.g. heating, cooling, roughening
    • H05K2203/1184Underetching, e.g. etching of substrate under conductors or etching of conductor under dielectrics; Means for allowing or controlling underetching

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Printed Circuit Boards (AREA)
JP2019531090A 2016-12-12 2017-12-11 導電性特徴をエッチングする方法、ならびに関連するデバイスおよびシステム Pending JP2020501375A (ja)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2023111882A JP2023139049A (ja) 2016-12-12 2023-07-07 導電性特徴をエッチングする方法、ならびに関連するデバイスおよびシステム

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201662432710P 2016-12-12 2016-12-12
US62/432,710 2016-12-12
US15/835,116 US10398034B2 (en) 2016-12-12 2017-12-07 Methods of etching conductive features, and related devices and systems
US15/835,116 2017-12-07
PCT/IL2017/051338 WO2018109762A1 (en) 2016-12-12 2017-12-11 Methods of etching conductive features, and related devices and systems

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2023111882A Division JP2023139049A (ja) 2016-12-12 2023-07-07 導電性特徴をエッチングする方法、ならびに関連するデバイスおよびシステム

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2020501375A true JP2020501375A (ja) 2020-01-16
JP2020501375A5 JP2020501375A5 (enExample) 2021-01-28

Family

ID=62558108

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2019531090A Pending JP2020501375A (ja) 2016-12-12 2017-12-11 導電性特徴をエッチングする方法、ならびに関連するデバイスおよびシステム
JP2023111882A Pending JP2023139049A (ja) 2016-12-12 2023-07-07 導電性特徴をエッチングする方法、ならびに関連するデバイスおよびシステム

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2023111882A Pending JP2023139049A (ja) 2016-12-12 2023-07-07 導電性特徴をエッチングする方法、ならびに関連するデバイスおよびシステム

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (3) US10398034B2 (enExample)
EP (1) EP3551781B1 (enExample)
JP (2) JP2020501375A (enExample)
KR (1) KR20190093576A (enExample)
CN (1) CN110249075A (enExample)
WO (1) WO2018109762A1 (enExample)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2023059886A (ja) * 2019-02-14 2023-04-27 オルボテック リミテッド 高密度導体を有するpcb製品を調製するための装置及び感光性インク
JP2023139049A (ja) * 2016-12-12 2023-10-03 カティーバ, インコーポレイテッド 導電性特徴をエッチングする方法、ならびに関連するデバイスおよびシステム
US12270111B2 (en) 2015-08-13 2025-04-08 Kateeva, Inc. Methods for producing an etch resist pattern on a metallic surface
US12414239B2 (en) 2015-06-04 2025-09-09 Kateeva, Inc. Methods for producing an etch resist pattern on a metallic surface

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2021146061A1 (en) * 2020-01-13 2021-07-22 Kateeva, Inc. Inkjet printed circuit boards
US11963300B2 (en) 2020-08-14 2024-04-16 Au Optronics Corporation Panel device and manufacturing method of panel device
DE102021122646A1 (de) * 2021-09-01 2023-03-02 At&S Austria Technologie & Systemtechnik Aktiengesellschaft Komponententräger-Ätzsystem mit physisch getrennten Äzmodulen und Komponententräger
TWI849785B (zh) 2023-03-08 2024-07-21 友達光電股份有限公司 電路裝置
CN118612936B (zh) * 2024-06-21 2024-12-06 南华大学 一种可拉伸的金属基电/热导件
CN119603888B (zh) * 2024-12-18 2025-09-23 西安电子科技大学 一种面向曲面电路三维打印的基材表面改性与附着力增强方法

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2009272609A (ja) * 2008-05-09 2009-11-19 Samsung Electro Mech Co Ltd インクジェット吐出装置
JP2011243256A (ja) * 2010-05-19 2011-12-01 Dainippon Printing Co Ltd サスペンション用フレキシャー基板、サスペンション、ヘッド付サスペンション、およびハードディスクドライブ
JP2015129342A (ja) * 2013-12-06 2015-07-16 メック株式会社 エッチング液、補給液及び銅配線の形成方法
JP2015227499A (ja) * 2014-06-03 2015-12-17 四国化成工業株式会社 エッチングレジスト材およびプリント配線板の製造方法
WO2016193978A2 (en) * 2015-06-04 2016-12-08 Jet Cu Pcb Ltd. Methods for producing an etch resist pattern on a metallic surface

Family Cites Families (59)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4015706A (en) 1971-11-15 1977-04-05 Chemcut Corporation Connecting modules for an etching system
US4127438A (en) 1977-11-07 1978-11-28 International Business Machines Corporation Adhesion promoter for additively plated printed circuit boards
DE3402883A1 (de) 1984-01-27 1985-08-01 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Leiterplatten aus schichtpressstoffen
DE3683194D1 (de) * 1985-06-07 1992-02-13 Sekisui Chemical Co Ltd Photovernetzbare zusammensetzung.
US4946711A (en) 1987-10-14 1990-08-07 Desoto, Inc. Masking compositions and method for applying the same
JP2585070B2 (ja) 1988-08-02 1997-02-26 日本ペイント株式会社 画像形成方法
EP0563251A1 (en) 1990-12-20 1993-10-06 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Uv/eb curable butyl copolymers for lithographic and corrosion-resistant coating applications
GB9425031D0 (en) 1994-12-09 1995-02-08 Alpha Metals Ltd Printed circuit board manufacture
EP0753989B1 (en) 1995-07-11 2005-09-21 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Coatings and methods, especially for circuit boards
DE69800652T2 (de) 1997-02-25 2001-08-23 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Co., Wilmington Flexible, flammhemmende fotopolymerisierbare Zusammensetzung zur Beschichtung von Leiterplatten
US6222136B1 (en) 1997-11-12 2001-04-24 International Business Machines Corporation Printed circuit board with continuous connective bumps
IL129307A0 (en) 1999-04-04 2000-02-17 Scitex Corp Ltd Process for direct digital printing of circuit boards
GB9916060D0 (en) 1999-07-08 1999-09-08 Isis Innovation Printed circuit fabrication
ATE326354T1 (de) 1999-07-30 2006-06-15 Seiko Epson Corp Aufzeichnungsverfahren mit der verwendung eines aufzeichnungsmediums und eines druckverfahrens mit zwei flüssigkomponenten darauf
EP1240552B1 (en) 1999-08-13 2012-09-19 Intellectual Ventures Holding 40 LLC Water-processable photoresist compositions
JP4606684B2 (ja) 2000-03-29 2011-01-05 学校法人神奈川大学 光硬化性・熱硬化性樹脂組成物、その感光性ドライフィルム及びそれを用いたパターン形成方法
DE10066028C2 (de) 2000-07-07 2003-04-24 Atotech Deutschland Gmbh Kupfersubstrat mit aufgerauhten Oberflächen
JP3754303B2 (ja) 2001-02-16 2006-03-08 株式会社日立インフォメーションテクノロジー Sdramリフレッシュ回路
US7147765B2 (en) 2001-08-31 2006-12-12 Semitool, Inc. Apparatus and method for deposition of an electrophoretic emulsion
US20030177639A1 (en) 2002-03-19 2003-09-25 Berg N. Edward Process and apparatus for manufacturing printed circuit boards
US6709962B2 (en) 2002-03-19 2004-03-23 N. Edward Berg Process for manufacturing printed circuit boards
GB0221891D0 (en) 2002-09-20 2002-10-30 Avecia Ltd Process
TWI291726B (en) 2002-10-25 2007-12-21 Nanya Technology Corp Process for etching metal layer
US7005241B2 (en) * 2003-06-09 2006-02-28 Shinko Electric Industries Co., Ltd. Process for making circuit board or lead frame
US7477627B2 (en) 2003-09-10 2009-01-13 Intel Corporation Method and device of adaptive control of data rate, fragmentation and request to send protection in wireless networks
US7722747B2 (en) 2003-10-22 2010-05-25 Nexx Systems, Inc. Method and apparatus for fluid processing a workpiece
GB0324947D0 (en) 2003-10-25 2003-11-26 Avecia Ltd Process
US20060207888A1 (en) * 2003-12-29 2006-09-21 Taylor E J Electrochemical etching of circuitry for high density interconnect electronic modules
WO2005086551A1 (ja) * 2004-03-03 2005-09-15 Ibiden Co., Ltd. エッチング液、エッチング方法およびプリント配線板
KR100585138B1 (ko) 2004-04-08 2006-05-30 삼성전자주식회사 반도체 소자 제조용 마스크 패턴 및 그 형성 방법과 미세패턴을 가지는 반도체 소자의 제조 방법
US20050250052A1 (en) 2004-05-10 2005-11-10 Nguyen Khe C Maskless lithography using UV absorbing nano particle
GB0414840D0 (en) 2004-07-02 2004-08-04 Ncr Int Inc Self-service terminal
JP4731135B2 (ja) * 2004-07-02 2011-07-20 ルネサスエレクトロニクス株式会社 微細パターン形成材料を用いた電子デバイス装置の製造方法
KR100733920B1 (ko) 2004-09-17 2007-07-02 주식회사 엘지화학 에칭 레지스트용 잉크 조성물, 이를 이용한 에칭 레지스트패턴 형성 방법 및 미세 유로 형성 방법
WO2007026366A1 (en) 2005-08-31 2007-03-08 Printar Ltd. Uv curable hybridcuring ink jet ink composition and solder mask using the same
US20070237899A1 (en) 2006-04-05 2007-10-11 David Sawoska Process for creating a pattern on a copper surface
US20080308003A1 (en) 2007-06-13 2008-12-18 Krol Andrew M UV inkjet resist
JP5454834B2 (ja) 2007-08-30 2014-03-26 日立化成株式会社 粗化処理装置
JP2009158593A (ja) 2007-12-25 2009-07-16 Tessera Interconnect Materials Inc バンプ構造およびその製造方法
WO2009116401A1 (ja) 2008-03-17 2009-09-24 日立化成工業株式会社 感光性樹脂組成物、並びにこれを用いた感光性エレメント、ソルダーレジスト及びプリント配線板
US9513551B2 (en) 2009-01-29 2016-12-06 Digiflex Ltd. Process for producing a photomask on a photopolymeric surface
KR20130088166A (ko) 2010-11-17 2013-08-07 히타치가세이가부시끼가이샤 감광성 수지 조성물, 감광성 엘리먼트, 레지스트 패턴의 형성 방법 및 프린트 배선판의 제조 방법
US20120288683A1 (en) 2011-05-10 2012-11-15 Chin-Te Kuo Protuberant structure and method for making the same
WO2013004624A1 (en) 2011-07-07 2013-01-10 Atotech Deutschland Gmbh Method for providing organic resist adhesion to a copper or copper alloy surface
US9352544B2 (en) 2011-08-24 2016-05-31 Digiflex Ltd. Process for dry-coating flexographic surfaces
WO2013030931A1 (ja) 2011-08-29 2013-03-07 日本碍子株式会社 積層焼結セラミック配線基板、及び当該配線基板を含む半導体パッケージ
JP2013112882A (ja) * 2011-11-30 2013-06-10 Kanto Chem Co Inc TiおよびTi合金層を有する金属積層膜一括エッチング液組成物
WO2013113572A1 (en) 2012-01-31 2013-08-08 Agfa-Gevaert Radiation curable etch resistant inkjet ink printing
KR20140049358A (ko) * 2012-10-17 2014-04-25 삼성전기주식회사 드라이필름 레지스트 시트 및 제조방법
US20140252571A1 (en) 2013-03-06 2014-09-11 Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. Wafer-level package mitigated undercut
JP6494627B2 (ja) 2013-12-06 2019-04-03 フジフイルム エレクトロニック マテリアルズ ユー.エス.エー., インコーポレイテッド 表面上の残渣を除去するための洗浄用製剤
TWI500806B (zh) 2014-03-10 2015-09-21 Nat Univ Tsing Hua 碳化矽薄膜的製造方法
KR20150109932A (ko) 2014-03-21 2015-10-02 삼성전기주식회사 에칭액 조성물 및 이를 이용한 회로 패턴의 제조방법
CN106572859B (zh) 2014-08-15 2019-08-09 纽姆克斯股份有限公司 Copd治疗的协调递送
US10498101B2 (en) 2014-09-08 2019-12-03 Kyushu University, National University Corporation Method for producing organic microdisk structure
US9324669B2 (en) * 2014-09-12 2016-04-26 International Business Machines Corporation Use of electrolytic plating to control solder wetting
GB2538522B (en) 2015-05-19 2019-03-06 Dst Innovations Ltd Electronic circuit and component construction
KR102626521B1 (ko) * 2015-08-13 2024-01-17 카티바, 인크. 금속 표면 상에 에치 레지스트 패턴을 형성하는 방법
US10398034B2 (en) 2016-12-12 2019-08-27 Kateeva, Inc. Methods of etching conductive features, and related devices and systems

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2009272609A (ja) * 2008-05-09 2009-11-19 Samsung Electro Mech Co Ltd インクジェット吐出装置
JP2011243256A (ja) * 2010-05-19 2011-12-01 Dainippon Printing Co Ltd サスペンション用フレキシャー基板、サスペンション、ヘッド付サスペンション、およびハードディスクドライブ
JP2015129342A (ja) * 2013-12-06 2015-07-16 メック株式会社 エッチング液、補給液及び銅配線の形成方法
JP2015227499A (ja) * 2014-06-03 2015-12-17 四国化成工業株式会社 エッチングレジスト材およびプリント配線板の製造方法
WO2016193978A2 (en) * 2015-06-04 2016-12-08 Jet Cu Pcb Ltd. Methods for producing an etch resist pattern on a metallic surface

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US12414239B2 (en) 2015-06-04 2025-09-09 Kateeva, Inc. Methods for producing an etch resist pattern on a metallic surface
US12270111B2 (en) 2015-08-13 2025-04-08 Kateeva, Inc. Methods for producing an etch resist pattern on a metallic surface
JP2023139049A (ja) * 2016-12-12 2023-10-03 カティーバ, インコーポレイテッド 導電性特徴をエッチングする方法、ならびに関連するデバイスおよびシステム
JP2023059886A (ja) * 2019-02-14 2023-04-27 オルボテック リミテッド 高密度導体を有するpcb製品を調製するための装置及び感光性インク
JP7624021B2 (ja) 2019-02-14 2025-01-29 オルボテック リミテッド 高密度導体を有するpcb製品を調製するための装置及び感光性インク

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3551781A1 (en) 2019-10-16
US20210227696A1 (en) 2021-07-22
US20180192521A1 (en) 2018-07-05
US11006528B2 (en) 2021-05-11
EP3551781A4 (en) 2020-09-02
US11425822B2 (en) 2022-08-23
JP2023139049A (ja) 2023-10-03
WO2018109762A1 (en) 2018-06-21
US10398034B2 (en) 2019-08-27
EP3551781B1 (en) 2025-09-24
US20190335589A1 (en) 2019-10-31
KR20190093576A (ko) 2019-08-09
CN110249075A (zh) 2019-09-17

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP2020501375A (ja) 導電性特徴をエッチングする方法、ならびに関連するデバイスおよびシステム
JP7288644B2 (ja) 金属表面上のエッチレジストパターンの製造方法
JP7713254B2 (ja) 金属表面上のエッチレジストパターンの製造方法
TWI819494B (zh) 蝕刻導電特徵之方法及相關裝置與系統
Ebbens et al. Patterning Copper using Ink Jet Printing of Self Assembled Monolayers

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A521 Request for written amendment filed

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20190814

RD04 Notification of resignation of power of attorney

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A7424

Effective date: 20200825

RD02 Notification of acceptance of power of attorney

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A7422

Effective date: 20200903

A521 Request for written amendment filed

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20201211

A621 Written request for application examination

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621

Effective date: 20201211

A977 Report on retrieval

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007

Effective date: 20211209

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20211224

A521 Request for written amendment filed

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20220324

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20220812

A521 Request for written amendment filed

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20221114

A02 Decision of refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A02

Effective date: 20230310