JP2020100728A - フェノキシ樹脂、その樹脂組成物、その硬化物、およびその製造方法。 - Google Patents
フェノキシ樹脂、その樹脂組成物、その硬化物、およびその製造方法。 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2020100728A JP2020100728A JP2018239684A JP2018239684A JP2020100728A JP 2020100728 A JP2020100728 A JP 2020100728A JP 2018239684 A JP2018239684 A JP 2018239684A JP 2018239684 A JP2018239684 A JP 2018239684A JP 2020100728 A JP2020100728 A JP 2020100728A
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Images
Classifications
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- C08L71/10—Polyethers derived from hydroxy compounds or from their metallic derivatives from phenols
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/02—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule
- C08G59/04—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule of polyhydroxy compounds with epihalohydrins or precursors thereof
- C08G59/06—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule of polyhydroxy compounds with epihalohydrins or precursors thereof of polyhydric phenols
- C08G59/066—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule of polyhydroxy compounds with epihalohydrins or precursors thereof of polyhydric phenols with chain extension or advancing agents
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- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
- B32B15/092—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin comprising epoxy resins
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/20—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the epoxy compounds used
- C08G59/22—Di-epoxy compounds
- C08G59/24—Di-epoxy compounds carbocyclic
- C08G59/245—Di-epoxy compounds carbocyclic aromatic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/20—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the epoxy compounds used
- C08G59/32—Epoxy compounds containing three or more epoxy groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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Abstract
Description
式(1)において、Xはそれぞれ独立に芳香族環構造および/または脂肪族環構造を有する2価の基であり、Xの少なくとも2つは下記式(2)で表される基(X1)および下記式(3)で表される基(X2)である。Yはそれぞれ独立に水素原子またはグリシジル基である。nは繰り返し数で、その平均値は25〜500である。
式(4)において、Ar3はそれぞれ独立に、ベンゼン環またはナフタレン環のいずれかの芳香族環基であり、これらの芳香族環は、炭素数1〜10のアルキル基、炭素数1〜10のアルコキシ基、炭素数6〜11のアリール基、炭素数7〜12のアラルキル基、炭素数6〜11のアリールオキシ基、または炭素数7〜12のアラルキルオキシ基を置換基として有してもよい。R2は、直接結合、または炭素数1〜20の炭化水素基、−CO−、−O−、−S−、−SO2−、及び−C(CF3)2−から選ばれる2価の基である。kは0または1である。
本発明のフェノキシ樹脂は、上記式(1)で表され、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)の測定による重量平均分子量(Mw)が10,000〜200,000であり、20,000〜150,000が好ましく、25,000〜100,000がより好ましく、30,000〜80,000がさらに好ましい。Mwが低いものではフィルム製膜性や伸び性が劣り、Mwが高すぎると樹脂の取り扱い性が著しく悪化する。GPCの測定方法は、実施例に記載の条件に従う。
また同様に、両末端がフェノール性水酸基になることを考慮した場合、フェノール性水酸基当量(g/eq.)は4,000以上であればよい。4,000未満ではフィルム製膜性や伸び性が劣り好ましくない。つまり、本願発明のフェノキシ樹脂は、そのエポキシ当量およびフェノール性水酸基当量はともに4,000以上が好ましい。
Yはそれぞれ独立に水素原子またはグリシジル基である。
nは繰り返し数で、その平均値は25〜500であり、40〜400が好ましく、50〜350がより好ましく、70〜300がさらに好ましい。nは上記Mwに関係する。
好ましいR1は、メチル基、エチル基、イソプロピル基、t−ブチル基、シクロヘキシル基、またはフェニル基であり、メチル基、エチル基、t−ブチル基、またはシクロヘキシル基がさらに好ましい。
式(2a)〜(2i)において、R3,R4はそれぞれ独立に、上記R1と同義である。j2は0〜4の整数であり、0〜2が好ましい。j3は0〜6の整数であり、0〜4が好ましく、0〜2がより好ましい。
式(2a)〜(2i)において、シクロヘキサン環構造をフルオレン環構造に置き換えた場合、式(2a)、式(2i)に相当する形態が好ましい。また、フロオレン環と芳香族環基(ベンゼン環、ナフタレン環)の結合位置は、式(2)[式(2a)〜(2i)]のシクロヘキサン環とベンゼン環、ナフタレン環の結合位置と同様であり、好ましい結合位置も同様である。
好ましいR2は、直接結合、−CH2−、−CH(CH3)−、−C(CH3)2−、−CO−、−O−、−S−、−SO2−、シクロオクチリデン基、シクロドデシリデン基、ビシクロヘキサンジイル基や、テトラヒドロジシクロペンタジエン構造を有する2価の基があり、直接結合、−CH2−、−C(CH3)2−、−CO−、−SO2−や、テトラヒドロジシクロペンタジエン構造を有する2価の基がより好ましい。
kが1の場合、式(4)は、式(2)と同様に、式(2a)〜(2i)のシクロヘキサン環構造が2価の基(R2)に置換された9つの形態に分けられる。それらのうち、式(2a)、式(2i)に相当する形態が好ましい。また、2価の基(R2)と芳香族環基(Ar3)の結合位置は、式(2)のシクロヘキサン環と芳香族環基(Ar1)の結合位置と同様であり、好ましい結合位置も同様である。
一段法の場合は、2官能フェノール化合物1モルに対して、エピハロヒドリン0.985〜1.015モル、好ましくは0.99〜1.012モル、より好ましくは0.995〜1.01モルを、アルカリ金属水酸化物の存在下、非反応性溶媒中で反応させ、エピハロヒドリンが消費され、重量平均分子量が10,000以上になるように縮合反応させることにより、フェノキシ樹脂を得ることができる。なお、反応終了後に、副生した塩を濾別または水洗により除去する必要がある。
二段法の原料エポキシ樹脂となる2官能エポキシ樹脂としては、2官能エポキシ樹脂であれば特に限定されない。好ましくは、上記式(6a)で表されるシクロヘキサン環構造を有する2官能フェノール化合物、および/または上記式(6b)で表されるフルオレン環構造を有する2官能フェノール化合物とエピハロヒドリンとを反応させて得られる上記式(5)で表される2官能エポキシ樹脂である。
JIS K 7236規格に準拠して測定を行い、単位は「g/eq.」で表した。具体的には、電位差滴定装置を用い、溶媒としてメチルエチルケトンを使用し、臭素化テトラエチルアンモニウム酢酸溶液を加え、0.1mol/L過塩素酸−酢酸溶液を用いた。なお、溶媒希釈品(樹脂ワニス)は、不揮発分から固形分換算値としての数値を算出した。
JIS K 7234規格、環球法に準拠して測定した。具体的には、自動軟化点装置(株式会社メイテック製、ASP−MG4)を使用した。
JIS K 7235規格に準拠して測定した。乾燥温度は200℃で、乾燥時間は60分とした。
試料に硫酸、塩酸、過塩素酸を加え、加熱して湿式灰化し、全てのリン原子をオルトリン酸とした。硫酸酸性溶液中でメタバナジン酸塩及びモリブデン酸塩を反応させ、生じたリンバナードモリブデン酸錯体の420nmにおける吸光度を測定し、予め作成した検量線により求めたリン含有率を%で表した。
GPC測定により求めた。具体的には、本体(東ソー株式会社製、HLC−8220GPC)にカラム(東ソー株式会社製、TSKgelG4000HXL、TSKgelG3000HXL、TSKgelG2000HXL)を直列に備えたものを使用し、カラム温度は40℃にした。また、溶離液にはテトラヒドロフラン(THF)を用い、1mL/分の流速とし、検出器は示差屈折率検出器を用いた。測定試料はサンプル0.05gを10mLのTHFに溶解し、マイクロフィルターでろ過したものを50μL使用した。標準の単分散ポリスチレン(東ソー株式会社製、A−500,A−1000,A−2500,A−5000,F−1,F−2,F−4,F−10,F−20,F−40、F−80、F−128)より求めた検量線より換算した。なお、データ処理は、東ソー株式会社製GPC−8020モデルIIバージョン6.00を使用した。
IPC−TM−650 2.4.25.c規格に準拠して測定した。具体的には、示差走査熱量測定の2サイクル目に得られたDSCチャートの補外ガラス転移開始温度(Tig)で表した。示差走査熱量測定装置は、エスアイアイ・ナノテクノロジー株式会社製のEXSTAR6000 DSC6200を使用した。測定試料は、樹脂フィルムをパンチングし、積層、アルミニウム製カプセルにパッキングして使用した。測定は、10℃/分の昇温速度で室温から280℃までを2サイクル行った。
樹脂フィルムを50mm×50mm角に切り出した試験片5枚を用いて測定を行った。熱風循環式オーブンを用いて空気雰囲気下100℃にて試験片を1時間乾燥させた後直ちに質量を測定した。その試験片を25℃の水に浸水させ、48時間後の質量増分から吸水率を求めた。
樹脂ワニスを170℃、0.2kPaの条件下の真空オーブンを用い、1時間溶媒を除去した後、メチルエチルケトン(MEK)と混合し、60℃まで加温して完全に溶解して、不揮発分30%のMEK溶解品を得た。室温まで冷却したときのMEK溶解品の濁りの有無で溶剤溶解性を判断した。透明なものを○とし、少しでも濁りがあるものを×と評価した。
UL94VTM(Underwriters Laboratories Inc.の安全認証規格)に準じ、垂直法により評価した。評価はVTM−0、VTM−1、VTM−2で記した。難燃性はVTM−0が最も優れており、VTM−1、VTM−2の順に劣っていく。
JIS C 6481規格に準拠して測定した。
硬化フィルムを50mm×50mm角に切り出した試験片5枚を用いて測定を行った。熱風循環式オーブンを用いて空気雰囲気下125℃にて試験片を24時間乾燥させた後直ちに質量を測定した。その試験片を温度85℃、湿度85%RHに調整した処理槽内に保管し、168時間後の質量増分から吸湿率を求めた。
A1:合成例1で得られた4,4’−(3,3,5−トリメチルシクロヘキシリデン)ビスフェノールのエポキシ樹脂(エポキシ当量219、m≒0.04)
A2:合成例2で得られたビスフェノールフルオレン型エポキシ樹脂(エポキシ当量250、m≒0.09、軟化点87℃)
A3:ビスフェノールA型液状エポキシ樹脂(日鉄ケミカル&マテリアル株式会社製、YD−8125、エポキシ当量172、m≒0.01)
A4:3,3’,5,5’−テトラメチル−4,4’−ビフェノールのエポキシ樹脂(三菱ケミカル株式会社製、YX−4000、エポキシ当量186、m≒0.06)
A5:フェノールノボラック型エポキシ樹脂(日鉄ケミカル&マテリアル株式会社製、YDPN−638、エポキシ当量177)
A6:ジシクロペンタジエン/フェノール共縮合エポキシ樹脂(國都化学株式会社製、KDCP−130、エポキシ当量254)
ここで、mは上記式(5)におけるmと同様の意味を有する。
B1:4,4’−(3,3,5−トリメチルシクロヘキシリデン)ビスフェノール(本州化学工業株式会社、BisP−HTG、フェノール性水酸基当量155)
B2:4,4’−シクロヘキシリデンビスフェノール(本州化学工業株式会社製、Bis−Z、フェノール性水酸基当量134)
B3:9,9’−ビス(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)フルオレン(大阪ガスケミカル株式会社製、BPF、フェノール性水酸基当量175)
B4:ビスフェノールA(日鉄ケミカル&マテリアル株式会社製、フェノール性水酸基当量114)
B5:10−(2,5−ジヒドロキシフェニル)−10H−9−オキサ−10−ホスファフェナントレン−10−オキシド(三光化学株式会社製、HCA−HQ、フェノール性水酸基当量162、リン含有量9.5%)
C1:2−エチル−4−メチルイミダゾール(四国化成工業株式会社製、キュアゾール2E4MZ)
C2:トリフェニルホスフィン(試薬)
C3:トリス(2,6−ジメトキシフェニル)ホスフィン(試薬)
D1:ジシアンジアミド(日本カーバイド工業株式会社製、ジシアンジアミド、活性水素当量21)
E1:2−エチル−4−メチルイミダゾール(四国化成工業株式会社製、キュアゾール2E4MZ)
撹拌装置、温度計、窒素ガス導入装置、冷却管、油水分離器及び滴下装置を備えたガラス製反応容器に、B1を155部、エピクロロヒドリン(ECH)を560部、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル(DEDM)を84部仕込み、撹拌しながら60℃まで昇温した。均一に溶解後、49%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を8部仕込み、同温度を保持しながら2時間反応を行った。次に、64℃まで昇温した後、水の還流が起きる程度まで減圧を引き、49%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液74部を3時間かけて滴下した。この滴下中に還流留出した水とECHおよびDEDMを分離槽で分離し、ECHおよびDEDMは反応容器に戻し、水は系外に除いて反応した。反応終了後、減圧を維持しながら、温度を85℃まで上げて脱水を行い、温度を145℃まで上げて残存するECHおよびDEDMを留去した。常圧に戻し、メチルイソブチルケトン(MIBK)を315部加えて溶解した。イオン交換水を200部加え、撹拌静置して副生した食塩を水に溶解して除去した。次に20%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を25部仕込み、80℃で2時間撹拌反応して精製反応を行った。MIBKを130部追加し、約80℃の温水60部を用いて水洗、分液を3回繰り返してイオン性不純物を除去した。5mmHgの減圧下、150℃まで昇温してMIBKを留去して、エポキシ樹脂(A1)を得た。
155部のB1の代わりに、175部のB2を使用した以外は、合成例1と同様の装置を用いて、同様の操作を行い、エポキシ樹脂(A2)を得た。
合成例1と同様の装置に、室温下で、A1を562部、B3を438部、シクロヘキサノンを375部仕込み、窒素ガスを流し撹拌しながら145℃まで昇温し、C1を0.1部添加した後、165℃まで昇温し、同温度で10時間反応を行った。シクロペンタノンを375部、メチルエチルケトンを750部で希釈混合して、不揮発分40%のフェノキシ樹脂ワニス(1)を得た。得られたフェノキシ樹脂ワニス(1)のGPCを図1に示す。
562部のA1の代わりに577部のA1を、438部のB3の代わりに88部のB2と335部のB3を、0.1部のC1の代わりに1.0部のC2を使用した以外は、実施例1と同様の操作を行い、フェノキシ樹脂ワニス(2)とフェノキシ樹脂フィルム(2)を得た。
562部のA1の代わりに620部のA2を、438部のB3の代わりに380部のB1を、0.1部のC1の代わりに0.5部のC3を使用した以外は、実施例1と同様の操作を行い、フェノキシ樹脂ワニス(3)とフェノキシ樹脂フィルム(3)を得た。
562部のA1の代わりに430部のA2と190部のA3を、438部のB3の代わりに255部のB1を、0.1部のC1の代わりに0.5部のC3を使用した以外は、実施例1と同様の操作を行い、フェノキシ樹脂ワニス(4)とフェノキシ樹脂フィルム(4)を得た。
562部のA1の代わりに350部のA1と200部のA4を、438部のB3の代わりに450部のB3を、0.1部のC1の代わりに1.0部のC2を使用した以外は、実施例1と同様の操作を行い、フェノキシ樹脂ワニス(5)とフェノキシ樹脂フィルム(5)を得た。
合成例1と同様の装置に、室温下で、B1を155部、B3を175部、エピクロルヒドリンを93.2部、トルエンを390部、n−ブチルアルコールを195部、49%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を125部仕込み、反応温度を70℃〜75℃に保ち11時間撹拌した後、シュウ酸を8.5部、純水を75部加え,中和分液し、トルエンを650部、n−ブチルアルコールを325部加えた後、純水を245部加えて2回水洗分液した後還流脱水して、不揮発分20.0%のフェノキシ樹脂ワニス(6)を得た。
実施例1と同様の操作を行い、フェノキシ樹脂ワニス(6)からフェノキシ樹脂フィルム(6)を得た。
562部のA1の代わりに663部のA1を、438部のB3の代わりに337部のB4を使用した以外は、実施例1と同様の操作を行い、フェノキシ樹脂ワニス(H1)とフェノキシ樹脂フィルム(H1)を得た。
562部のA1の代わりに501部のA3を、438部のB3の代わりに499部のB3を使用した以外は、実施例1と同様の操作を行い、フェノキシ樹脂ワニス(H2)とフェノキシ樹脂フィルム(H2)を得た。
562部のA1の代わりに340部のA1と246部のA2を、438部のB3の代わりに98部のB3と316部のB5を使用した以外は、実施例1と同様の操作を行い、フェノキシ樹脂ワニス(7)とフェノキシ樹脂フィルム(7)を得た。
562部のA1の代わりに580部のA1を、438部のB3の代わりに104部のB1と316部のB5を使用した以外は、実施例1と同様の操作を行い、フェノキシ樹脂ワニス(H3)とフェノキシ樹脂フィルム(H3)を得た。
実施例1で得られたフェノキシ樹脂ワニス(1)を250部(固形分で100部)、A5を50部、D1を4.5部、E1を0.2部、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルを50部、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミドを50部加えて均一に撹拌混合して、組成物ワニス(1)を得た。
フェノキシ樹脂ワニス(1)の代わりにフェノキシ樹脂ワニス(2)を使用した以外は、実施例8と同様の操作を行い、硬化フィルム(2)と積層板(2)を得た。
フェノキシ樹脂ワニス(1)の代わりにフェノキシ樹脂ワニス(3)を使用した以外は、実施例8と同様の操作を行い、硬化フィルム(3)と積層板(3)を得た。
フェノキシ樹脂ワニス(1)の代わりにフェノキシ樹脂ワニス(4)を使用した以外は、実施例8と同様の操作を行い、硬化フィルム(4)と積層板(4)を得た。
フェノキシ樹脂ワニス(1)の代わりにフェノキシ樹脂ワニス(5)を使用した以外は、実施例8と同様の操作を行い、硬化フィルム(5)と積層板(5)を得た。
フェノキシ樹脂ワニス(1)の代わりにフェノキシ樹脂ワニス(6)を使用した以外は、実施例8と同様の操作を行い、硬化フィルム(6)と積層板(6)を得た。
フェノキシ樹脂ワニス(1)の代わりにフェノキシ樹脂ワニス(H1)を使用した以外は、実施例8と同様の操作を行い、硬化フィルム(H1)と積層板(H1)を得た。
フェノキシ樹脂ワニス(1)の代わりにフェノキシ樹脂ワニス(H2)を使用した以外は、実施例8と同様の操作を行い、硬化フィルム(H2)と積層板(H2)を得た。
それに対し、フルオレン環構造とシクロヘキサン環構造の2価の基をともに有する実施例は、耐熱性や低吸湿性が優れ、しかも難燃性もよいことわかる。
Claims (15)
- 下記式(1)で表され、重量平均分子量が10,000〜200,000であるフェノキシ樹脂。
(ここで、Xはそれぞれ独立に芳香族環構造および/または脂肪族環構造を有する2価の基であり、Xの少なくとも2つは下記式(2)で表される基および下記式(3)で表される基である。Yはそれぞれ独立に水素原子またはグリシジル基である。nは繰り返し数で、その平均値は25〜500である。)
- 上記2価の基が、式(2)で表される基、式(3)で表される基およびその他の基であり、それぞれの存在量をX1、X2およびX3としたとき、存在モル比が、X1/X2=1/99〜99/1であり、X3/(X1+X2)=50/50〜0/100である請求項1に記載のフェノキシ樹脂。
- 下記式(5)で表される2官能エポキシ樹脂と下記式(6)で表される2官能フェノール化合物とを反応させて得られ、重量平均分子量が10,000〜200,000であるフェノキシ樹脂。
- 上記式(2)で表される基と式(3)で表される基のモル比が、1/99〜99/1である請求項4に記載のフェノキシ樹脂。
- 上記Z1および/またはZ2中に、式(2)で表される基、式(3)で表される基と、その他の基を含み、その他の基のモル比が、Z1およびZ2の合計のモル数に対して50モル%以下である請求項4または5に記載のフェノキシ樹脂。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載のフェノキシ樹脂に架橋剤または硬化性樹脂成分を配合してなる樹脂組成物。
- 上記架橋剤または硬化性樹脂成分がエポキシ樹脂、アクリル酸エステル樹脂、メラニン樹脂、尿素樹脂、フェノール樹脂、酸無水物化合物、ポリイソシアネート化合物、およびブロックイソシアネート化合物から選ばれる少なくとも1つである請求項7に記載の樹脂組成物。
- 上記硬化性樹脂成分が2官能以上のエポキシ樹脂、エポキシ樹脂用硬化剤、および硬化促進剤を含むものである請求項7に記載の樹脂組成物。
- さらに無機充填剤が配合されていることを特徴とする請求項7〜9のいずれか1項に記載の樹脂組成物。
- 請求項7〜10のいずれか1項に記載の樹脂組成物から得られる回路基板用材料。
- 請求項7〜10のいずれか1項に記載の樹脂組成物を硬化してなる硬化物。
- 請求項12記載の硬化物からなる層と金属層とを積層してなる積層体。
- 下記式(6a)および式(6b)で表される2種類の2価フェノール化合物を含む混合物とエピハロヒドリンをアルカリ存在下で反応させることを特徴とする重量平均分子量が10,000〜200,000であるフェノキシ樹脂の製造方法。
- 請求項4に記載のフェノキシ樹脂を製造する方法であって、上記式(5)で表される2官能エポキシ樹脂を含む2官能エポキシ樹脂と上記式(6)で表される2価フェノール化合物を含む2価フェノール化合物とを触媒の存在下で反応させることを特徴とするフェノキシ樹脂の製造方法。
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