JP2019188389A - 窒素酸化物吸蔵材及び排ガス浄化方法 - Google Patents
窒素酸化物吸蔵材及び排ガス浄化方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2019188389A JP2019188389A JP2019001170A JP2019001170A JP2019188389A JP 2019188389 A JP2019188389 A JP 2019188389A JP 2019001170 A JP2019001170 A JP 2019001170A JP 2019001170 A JP2019001170 A JP 2019001170A JP 2019188389 A JP2019188389 A JP 2019188389A
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- Prior art keywords
- composite oxide
- gallium
- silver
- storage
- storage material
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title abstract description 19
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 6
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 17
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002258 gallium Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 32
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 31
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- CHPZKNULDCNCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallium nitrate Chemical compound [Ga+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O CHPZKNULDCNCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 18
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 16
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229940044658 gallium nitrate Drugs 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
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- 101710134784 Agnoprotein Proteins 0.000 description 8
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 7
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 7
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000000833 X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910005191 Ga 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
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- -1 zeolite compound Chemical class 0.000 description 4
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- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052676 chabazite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 238000012916 structural analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 3
- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 241000705939 Shortia uniflora Species 0.000 description 2
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- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
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- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- XNDZQQSKSQTQQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-ol Chemical compound CC1=CC(O)CCC1 XNDZQQSKSQTQQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000505 Al2TiO5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZSBXGIUJOOQZMP-JLNYLFASSA-N Matrine Chemical compound C1CC[C@H]2CN3C(=O)CCC[C@@H]3[C@@H]3[C@H]2N1CCC3 ZSBXGIUJOOQZMP-JLNYLFASSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000010718 Oxidation Activity Effects 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
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- QZPSXPBJTPJTSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aqua regia Chemical compound Cl.O[N+]([O-])=O QZPSXPBJTPJTSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UNYSKUBLZGJSLV-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;1,3,5,2,4,6$l^{2}-trioxadisilaluminane 2,4-dioxide;dihydroxide;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2].O=[Si]1O[Al]O[Si](=O)O1.O=[Si]1O[Al]O[Si](=O)O1 UNYSKUBLZGJSLV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- SWRGUMCEJHQWEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanedihydrazide Chemical compound NNC(=O)C(=O)NN SWRGUMCEJHQWEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 235000010299 hexamethylene tetramine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YBVAXJOZZAJCLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid nitrous acid Chemical class ON=O.O[N+]([O-])=O YBVAXJOZZAJCLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- AHKZTVQIVOEVFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxide(2-) Chemical compound [O-2] AHKZTVQIVOEVFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MUJIDPITZJWBSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(2+) Chemical group [Pd+2] MUJIDPITZJWBSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- AABBHSMFGKYLKE-SNAWJCMRSA-N propan-2-yl (e)-but-2-enoate Chemical compound C\C=C\C(=O)OC(C)C AABBHSMFGKYLKE-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012207 quantitative assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013074 reference sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
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- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
- B01D53/9422—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by NOx storage or reduction by cyclic switching between lean and rich exhaust gases (LNT, NSC, NSR)
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Abstract
Description
<1>銀とガリウムの複合酸化物を含む、NOx吸蔵材。
<2>前記複合酸化物が、アルミニウムをさらに含む、上記<1>に記載のNOx吸蔵材。
<3>前記複合酸化物がデラフォサイト型複合酸化物である、上記<1>又は<2>に記載のNOx吸蔵材。
<4>前記複合酸化物の濃度が、1.7mmol/g以上である、上記<1>〜<3>のいずれかに記載のNOx吸蔵材。
<5>複合酸化物を構成する金属の塩を溶媒に溶解させた後、焼成することを含む、上記<1>〜<4>のいずれかに記載のNOx吸蔵材の製造方法。
<6>前記複合酸化物中の銀:ガリウム又は銀:(ガリウム+アルミニウム)のモル比が2:8〜7:3である、上記<5>に記載の方法。
<7>上記<1>〜<4>のいずれかに記載のNOx吸蔵材を有する、NOx吸蔵装置。
<8>内燃機関から排出される排ガスを、上記<7>に記載のNOx吸蔵装置に流通させ、そしてその後、触媒金属を有する排ガス浄化装置に流通させることを含む、排ガス浄化方法。
本発明のNOx吸蔵材は、銀とガリウムの複合酸化物を含む。この複合酸化物は、アルミニウムをさらに含み得る。このアルミニウムは、銀とガリウムの複合酸化物中のガリウムの一部を置換したものである。
本発明のNOx吸蔵材は、複合酸化物の製造方法として一般的な任意の方法によって製造することができ、特に下記の本発明の方法によって製造することができる。
本発明のNOx吸蔵装置は、上記のNOx吸蔵材を有する。本発明のNOx吸蔵装置においては、NOx吸蔵材をケースに収納して構成してもよく、又はNOx吸蔵材を担体粒子に担持させて収納してもよい。
本発明の排ガス浄化方法は、内燃機関から排出される排ガスを、上記NOx吸蔵装置に流通させ、そしてその後、触媒金属を有する排ガス浄化装置に流通させることを含む。
200mLのビーカーに、硝酸銀(AgNO3)2.55g(15mmol)、硝酸ガリウムn水和物(Ga(NO3)3・nH2O)14.0g(35mmol)、グリシン1.41g(19mmol)を入れ、蒸留水を10mL加えて溶解させた。この溶液をマップル炉に入れ、5.4℃/分で350℃まで昇温させた。さらに1時間350℃において空気中で燃焼させた。得られた固体を乳鉢に入れ、粉砕後、得られた粉末を500℃において2時間焼成した。この粉末を2t/cm2で圧粉成型し、φ1.0〜1.7mmのペレットを得た。このように、銀とガリウムを仕込み比3:7で製造した複合酸化物を、本明細書においてはAg3Ga7複合酸化物とよぶ。
硝酸銀(AgNO3)4.25g(25mmol)、硝酸ガリウムn水和物(Ga(NO3)3・nH2O)10.0g(25mmol)、及びグリシン1.41g(19mmol)を用いて、実施例1と同様にしてペレットを製造した。
硝酸銀(AgNO3)5.95g(35mmol)、硝酸ガリウムn水和物(Ga(NO3)3・nH2O)6.0g(15mmol)、及びグリシン1.41g(19mmol)を用いて、実施例1と同様にしてペレットを製造した。
硝酸銀(AgNO3)0.85g(5mmol)、硝酸ガリウムn水和物(Ga(NO3)3・nH2O)18.0g(45mmol)、及びグリシン1.41g(19mmol)を用いて、実施例1と同様にしてペレットを製造した。
硝酸銀(AgNO3)4.25g(25mmol)、硝酸ガリウムn水和物(Ga(NO3)3・nH2O)7.0g(17.5mmol)、硝酸アルミニウム9水和物(Al(NO3)3・9H2O)2.81g(7.5mmol)、及びグリシン0.62g(8.3mmol)を用いて、実施例1と同様にしてペレットを製造した。
硝酸銀(AgNO3)4.25g(25mmol)、硝酸ガリウムn水和物(Ga(NO3)3・nH2O)5.0g(12.5mmol)、硝酸アルミニウム9水和物(Al(NO3)3・9H2O)4.69g(12.5mmol)、及びグリシン0.62g(8.3mmol)を用いて、実施例1と同様にしてペレットを製造した。
硝酸銀(AgNO3)4.25g(25mmol)、硝酸ガリウムn水和物(Ga(NO3)3・nH2O)10.0g(25.0mmol)、及びグリシン0.62g(8.3mmol)を用いて、実施例1と同様にしてペレットを製造した。
硝酸銀(AgNO3)4.25g(25mmol)、硝酸ガリウムn水和物(Ga(NO3)3・nH2O)9.0g(22.5mmol)、硝酸アルミニウム9水和物(Al(NO3)3・9H2O)0.94g(2.5mmol)、及びグリシン0.62g(8.3mmol)を用いて、実施例1と同様にしてペレットを製造した。
硝酸ガリウムn水和物(Ga(NO3)3・nH2O)22.0g(50mmol)、及びグリシン1.41g(19mmol)を用いて、実施例1と同様にしてペレットを製造した。
和光純薬(株)製の銀粉を用いた。
チャバサイト(SiO2/Al2O3=13、BET表面積=504m2/g)にパラジウムを1wt%担持させたものを用いた。
得られたサンプルについて、以下の方法を用いて特性を測定し、評価を行った。
測定は、リガク製RINT2000を用いて行った。X線源は、CuKα(λ=1.5418nm)、10〜90deg.をステップ幅0.02deg.管電圧50kV、管電流300mAで測定した。回折ピーク位置は、JCPDSデータファイルの既知のデータと比較した。結晶子径は、シュラー式を用いて求めた。
測定は、日本ベル製BELSORP−max−12−N−VPを用いて、窒素吸着脱離法により77Kにおいて行った。測定試料は、250℃において3時間真空前処理を行った。比表面積は、BET曲線の直線部から算出した。
JEOL製JEM−1000(加速電圧:200kV)を用い、透過型走査顕微鏡(STEM)により観察を行った。試料粉末をエタノールに分散させ、銅グリッドに一下後、乾燥させたものを測定した。
九州シンクロトロン光研究センターのBL07実験ステーションにおいて分析を行った。Si(220)2結晶分光器を用い、透過法にてイオンチャンバーでスペクトルを測定した。
測定は、日本ベル製BelcatAを用いた。試料粉末200mgを精秤してサンプル管に入れ、20Vol%O2/Heを30mL/分で流通させ、500℃まで昇温後、10分間温度を維持し、同雰囲気下で50℃まで冷却した。50℃においてHeガスで置換した後、Heを30mL/分で流通させ、10℃/分で試料を加熱しながら500℃まで昇温させ、O2脱離量を、TCDにより分析した。
測定は、日本分光製JascoFT/IR−6200赤外分光光度計を用いた。試料とKBrを、重量比3:7において乳鉢中で混合し、12mgを精秤し、φ8mmのディスクを圧粉成型して試料とした。窓材はCaFを用いた。前処理操作として、350℃においてO23%/Arバランス、全流量200mL/分の混合ガスを5分間流通させ、次いでH25%/Arバランスの混合ガスを10分間導入する操作を繰り返し行った。同流量でO23%/Arバランスの混合ガスを測定温度まで冷却後、バックグランド測定を行い、NO400ppm+O29%/Arバランスの混合ガスを流通させ、2、5、10、15、20、30、40、50、60分後のスペクトルを測定した。測定温度は100℃とし、1000〜4000cm−1の測定範囲を分解能4cm−1で128回積算した。
流通型反応器にペレット触媒1mLを配置し、FT−IR分析計(ベスト測器SESAM−HL)により180℃、140℃、及び100℃の各ガスを分析した。以下に述べるNOx吸蔵特性評価後、N2気流下で試料を20℃/minにおいて加熱し、脱離NOx種を分析した。
流通型反応器に、実施例及び比較例において製造したペレット試料1mLを配置し、FT−IR分析計(ベスト測器SESAM−HL)及び磁気圧式分析計(ベスト測器Bex)で、180℃、140℃及び100℃における各ガスの転化挙動を分析した。500℃において5分間H2気流下で還元前処理を行った後に、O29%+CO210%+水10%/N2ガスに切り替え、5分間同温度において前処理を行った。同酸化雰囲気において評価温度まで冷却し、以下の表1に示すリーンガスを1L/分で15分間導入し、触媒を配置しないブランク試験でのNOxプロファイルとの差から、NOx吸蔵量を算出した。
(比表面積)
以下の表2に、実施例及び比較例において得られた試料の組成比と比表面積を示す。
各試料のXRD回折パターンを図3及び図9に示す。図3に示すように、Ga2O3以外の試料からは、デラフォサイト型AgGaO2酸化物に基づく回折ピークが選出された。また、Ag3Ga7複合酸化物(実施例1)において、この酸化物の回折線強度が最も高かった。さらに、図9に示すように、いずれの生成物の回折パターンからも、デラフォサイト型AgAlxGa1−xO2と共に、Agメタルの回折線が検出され、両者の混合物であることが確認された。また、Al組成比が増加するのに応じて、AgAlxGa1−xO2の回折線が高角側にシフトしたことから、GaをAlで置換した構造体が生成したことがわかる。また、Al比の増加に伴って、粗大なAgメタルも増大することが示唆される。
Ag3Ga7複合酸化物(実施例1)のDF−STEM観察像を図4aに、EDSマッピング像を図4bに示す。Ag粒子及びGa2O3とともに、Ag、Ga及びOの組成分布が均一である六方晶の酸化物を確認することができる。この酸化物は、図3のXRD回折パターンにおいて検出されたデラフォサイト型AgGaO2酸化物であると考えられる。
実施例1、2及び4の試料、比較例2の試料、並びに参考試料としてのAgGaO2及びAgのXAFS分析結果を図5aに示す。各試料の吸収スペクトルは、Ag/Ga比の違いに伴って等吸収点を通って変化するが、このことは、AgとAgGaO2の2成分の存在比の違いによる変化を示している。
O2−TPDの測定プロファイルを図6に示す。図6に示すように、Ga2O3(比較例1)及びAg粉(比較例2)からは脱離種は検出されなかったが、一方AgGaO2を含む複合酸化物(実施例1〜4)からは、320℃付近に極大を示す酸素の脱離ピークが検出された。この脱離ピークは、Ag−O−Gaサイトから脱離した活性酸素であると考えられる。
実施例1、実施例2、及び実施例4の試料について、100℃においてNOとO2を流通させた環境下でのIR分析結果を図7に示す。1255cm−1に亜硝酸塩(NO2 −)に帰属される吸収ピークと、硝酸塩(NO3 −)に帰属されるショルダーが検出された。これらの結果は、気相のNOが酸素によって酸化され、亜硝酸塩、硝酸塩として試料中に吸蔵されていることを示している。
図8a及び8bに、実施例1〜4、並びに比較例1及び3の各試料についての、100℃におけるNOx吸蔵量定量値を示す。図8aは試料の体積あたりのNOx吸蔵量を示し、図8bは試料の重量あたりのNOx吸蔵量を示している。図8a及び8bに示す試料の体積又は重量あたりのNOx吸蔵量とAg組成比の関係は、AgとGaの複合化によりNOx吸蔵量が共に増加し、Ag/(Ag+Ga)=30mol%を頂点とする山型の傾向を示した。吸蔵量が多い試料(Ag3Ga7:実施例1、Ag5Ga5:実施例2、Ag7Ga3:実施例3)中には、NOx吸蔵に有効なサイトが多く存在していることを示しており、低温NOx吸蔵特性が高いことが知られているPd−チャバサイトに比べても、体積あたりの吸蔵量で高い特性を示した(図8a)。また、また、Ag1Ga9(実施例4)の試料についても、Pd−チャバサイトよりはNOx吸蔵量は低かったが、十分な吸蔵量を示した。重量あたりのNOx吸蔵量のAg/(Ag+Ga)組成に対する序列は、AgGaO2含有量の序列(図5c)と完全に一致したことから、AgGaO2が吸蔵反応を担っていると考えられる。
Ag5Ga5(実施例7)のNOx−TPDの測定プロファイルを図12に示し、Ag5Al2.5Ga2.5(実施例6)のNOx−TPDの測定プロファイルを図13に示す。いずれの試料においても、180℃で脱離のピークを示すNOx種と、これより高温域で脱離するNOx種が検出された。前者の低温側で脱離するNOx種は熱安定性の低い亜硝酸塩(NO2 −)であり、高温側で脱離するNOx種は硝酸塩(NO3 −)であると帰属された。一方、180℃において吸蔵後のNOx−TPDの測定プロファイルでは、いずれの試料においても、高温側の硝酸塩の脱離が支配的であった。
Claims (8)
- 銀とガリウムの複合酸化物を含む、NOx吸蔵材。
- 前記複合酸化物は、アルミニウムをさらに含む、請求項1に記載のNOx吸蔵材。
- 前記複合酸化物がデラフォサイト型複合酸化物である、請求項1又は2に記載のNOx吸蔵材。
- 前記複合酸化物の濃度が、1.7mmol/g以上である、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載のNOx吸蔵材。
- 前記複合酸化物を構成する金属の塩を溶媒に溶解させた後、焼成することを含む、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載のNOx吸蔵材の製造方法。
- 前記複合酸化物中の銀:ガリウム又は銀:(ガリウム+アルミニウム)のモル比が2:8〜7:3である、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載のNOx吸蔵材を有する、NOx吸蔵装置。
- 内燃機関から排出される排ガスを、請求項7に記載のNOx吸蔵装置に流通させ、そしてその後、触媒金属を有する排ガス浄化装置に流通させることを含む、排ガス浄化方法。
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