JP2013503284A - 同一の貯蔵機能を有する触媒コンバータの上流に貯蔵機能を有する触媒的に活性のある壁面流フィルターを有する排気ガスの後処理システム - Google Patents
同一の貯蔵機能を有する触媒コンバータの上流に貯蔵機能を有する触媒的に活性のある壁面流フィルターを有する排気ガスの後処理システム Download PDFInfo
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- JP2013503284A JP2013503284A JP2012525913A JP2012525913A JP2013503284A JP 2013503284 A JP2013503284 A JP 2013503284A JP 2012525913 A JP2012525913 A JP 2012525913A JP 2012525913 A JP2012525913 A JP 2012525913A JP 2013503284 A JP2013503284 A JP 2013503284A
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- exhaust gas
- filter
- catalytic converter
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0821—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with particulate filters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
- F01N13/0093—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are of the same type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
- F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
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- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
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- F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
- F01N3/085—Sulfur or sulfur oxides
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- F01N3/105—General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst
- F01N3/106—Auxiliary oxidation catalysts
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
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- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
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- F01N2340/00—Dimensional characteristics of the exhaust system, e.g. length, diameter or volume of the apparatus; Spatial arrangements of exhaust apparatuses
- F01N2340/02—Dimensional characteristics of the exhaust system, e.g. length, diameter or volume of the apparatus; Spatial arrangements of exhaust apparatuses characterised by the distance of the apparatus to the engine, or the distance between two exhaust treating apparatuses
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- F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
- F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
- F01N2510/068—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings
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- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
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- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
- F01N2900/1624—Catalyst oxygen storage capacity
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、有利には触媒的に活性のある機能を提供する、順に貫通流モノリス(流通モノリス)が続く、有利には触媒的に活性のあるプラスチックフィルター(壁面流フィルター)を含む、排ガス後処理システムに関する。双方の構成材料は、内燃機関の排気ガスにおいて存在するガス状物質のための同一の貯蔵機能を有する。前記システムは、特に、双方の主に希薄式の内燃機関の及び主に化学量論的空気/燃料混合物で操作される内燃機関の排気ガスからの粒子並びに汚染物質の同時除去に適している。同様に、排気ガス後処理のためのシステムの製造方法及び使用を記載している。
・フィルター上でより多い量の貯蔵材料
・貯蔵されるべき成分のより低い貯蔵動力学
・フィルター材料のより大きい多孔率、より小さい壁圧及びより広い孔の半径分布(側路形成の増加させた確率−さらに上記を参照)
・非対称の吸気ダクト及び吐出しダクトの場合に、吸気ダクト(Aout)と吐出しダクト(Ain)との間の断面積のより低い比率(Aout/Ain)。
a)排気ガスが、構成材料(1)を通過し、かつ続いて構成材料(2)を通過して導入され、
b)排気ガス中に存在するSOx、NOx、NH3、O2、HC、H2Sを含有する群から選択される化合物の濃度の測定又はモデリングが、構成材料(2)の下流で実施され、かつ
c)測定が、貯蔵した目標値が達せられる場合に、ECU(車両における電子制御装置)によって開始される
形での本発明によるシステムの使用が有利である。
λ<1(z.B.0.9)は"空気の欠如"を意味する:リッチ混合物
λ>1(z.B.1.1)は"空気の超過"を意味する:リーン混合物
ステートメント:λ=1.1は、10%より多くの空気が化学量論的反応に要求されるよりも、燃焼において関与することを意味する。これは、空気の超過と同一である。
排気ガス中の一酸化窒素は、定義したように、一酸化窒素及び二酸化窒素からなり、その際、一酸化窒素は、機関の捜査状況に依存持してリーン燃焼機関の排気ガス中に、一酸化窒素として約50〜90%存在する。リーン燃焼機関の排気ガス中の高い酸素含有率のために、燃焼中に製造した一酸化窒素(NOx)は、化学量論的に操作した火花点火機関における場合のように、同時に炭化水素及び一酸化炭素の酸化で、三元触媒コンバータによって連続して還元して、窒素を形成する。該一酸化窒素の触媒還元は、リッチ排気ガス混合物に化学量論的にのみ実施することができる。リーン排気ガス中の一酸化窒素の連続した還元を可能にするために、特別な触媒コンバータ、例えばHC−DeNOx触媒コンバータ又はSCR触媒コンバータを使用する。リーン排気ガス中の一酸化窒素の還元のためのさらなる可能性は、一酸化窒素貯蔵触媒コンバータの使用である。
一酸化窒素貯蔵触媒コンバータは、通常、排気ガス中の硫黄化合物によって不活性化される。特に、機関の燃焼室において生じた硫黄化合物が一酸化窒素貯蔵触媒コンバータの表面上に衝突する場合に、リーン大気中で、最初に、二酸化硫黄(SO2)又は三酸化硫黄(SO3)に転化される。酸化硫黄の吸収は、一酸化窒素貯蔵構成材料上で、又は酸化作用を有する構成材料上で直接実施してよい。一酸化窒素貯蔵触媒コンバータにおいて形成する対応する硫黄化合物が熱的に非常に安定であり、かつ、対応する硝酸塩と対照的に、分解することが困難であるために一酸化窒素貯蔵触媒コンバータを不活性化する前に、排気ガス中のSOxを最少化することが求められる。これは、第一に使用される燃料中の硫黄化合物の割合を最少化することによって、第二に実際の一酸化窒素貯蔵触媒コンバータ(NSC)の上流に特別な硫黄トラップを連結することによって実施される。
SCR触媒コンバータは、リーン排気ガス条件下で、アンモニアと反応して、窒素を形成する、一酸化窒素を生じることを可能にする。SCR触媒コンバータは、通常、アンモニアのための貯蔵機能を有し、かつ遷移金属、又はバナジウムもしくはタングステンを含有する化合物で交換されてよい、ゼオライトを含有する。SCR触媒コンバータは、そのアンモニア貯蔵が少なくとも部分的に満たされる場合に、特に活性がある。アンモニアの排気部分への計量供給は、通常、直接SCR触媒コンバータの上流の排気部分中への外的投与装置によって実施される。超過した計量供給の結果としてのアンモニアの減少又は急速な温度上昇の結果としてのアンモニア放出は、できるだけ妨げられる必要がある。それというのもアンモニアが、非常に刺激臭を有し、かつ第二又は第三放出として、大気中に未処理のまま通過してはいけないからである。アンモニア貯蔵機能で被覆した壁面流フィルターは、自明に、同様に設計した流通モノリスよりも、大きいアンモニア減少を有する。
硫化水素は、非常に低い濃度で不快な匂いを有し、かつ比較的高濃度で非常に毒性があるガスである。それらの二次放出は、したがって、車両の排気システムにおいて完全に除去されなければならない。この目的のために、種々のいわゆる"H2Sブロッキング触媒コンバータ"、又は対応するブロッキング機能をさらに備えた排気ガス触媒コンバータが、先行技術において提供されている。
排気ガス後処理システムに関連するさらなる貯蔵材料は、炭化水素(HC)のための貯蔵材料である。かかる材料は、同様に当業者によく知られている(KR20040042177)。ゼオライト含有材料は、通常炭化水素を貯蔵するために使用される。炭化水素は、排気ガスが冷たい(例えば冷却開始中に)間に吸収され、かつ高い排気ガス温度に達する場合に放出及び転化される。炭化水素の転化は、大部分は触媒中枢で、例えば貴金属で行われる。従って、通常、触媒的に活性のある中枢がさらに活性化しない場合に炭化水素を貯蔵するために、及び触媒中枢がそれらの着火温度に達する場合に該炭化水素を放出ために、酸化触媒コンバータ又は三元触媒コンバータに炭化水素貯蔵材料を統合することがある。この場合において、炭化水素貯蔵は、フィルター中及び下流のモノリス中の双方に、可能な触媒機能と共に統合される。
酸素含有材料は、レドックス特性を有し、かつ酸化成分、例えば酸素又は一酸化窒素と酸化大気中で、及び還元成分、例えば水素又は一酸化炭素と還元大気中で反応することができる。酸素貯蔵材料の例は、セリウム及びプラセオジム、又はさらにジルコニウム、ネオジミウム、イットリウム及びランタンの群から選択される成分を含有してよい対応する混合酸化物を含む。それらの酸素貯蔵材料は、しばしば、貴金属、例えばPd、Rh及び/又はPtでドープされ、それによって貯蔵容量及び貯蔵特性が改質されうる。
図1は、実施例の方法による、モノリス(2)の上流のフィルター(1)を有する本発明によるシステムは一を示す。
使用したシミュレーションモデルは、それぞれ場合に1つの吸気ダクト及び吐出しダクトを有するそれぞれの部分、並びに2つのダクト間の壁における濃度に関する平衡方程式を解く。かかるモデルは、Votsmeier, M.; Gieshoff, J.; Koegel, M.; Pfeifer, M.; Knoth, J. F.; Drochner, A.; Vogel, H. Wall−flow filters with wall−integrated oxidation catalyst: A simulation study. Appl Catal B 2007, 70, 233において詳細に記載されている。
空間回転数:37500 h−1
温度:400℃。
セル密度:300cpsi
壁厚:0.33mm
壁における分散計数:1E−5 m2/s
k:100 s-1
CMAX:111
セル密度:400cpsi
壁厚:0.1mm
ウォッシュコート層の厚さ:60μm
ウォッシュコートにおける分散計数:3E−6 m2/s
k:100 s-1
CMAX:182
Claims (8)
- 構成材料(1)として壁面流フィルター、及びそれらの下流に構成材料(2)として流通モノリスを有し、その際双方の構成材料(1)及び(2)が、排気ガス中に存在するSOx、NOx、NH3、O2、HC、H2Sを含有する群から選択される、同一化合物のための少なくとも1つの貯蔵機能を有する、内燃機関のための排気ガス後処理システムであって、構成材料(2)における貯蔵容量が、構成材料(2)の下流の漏出シグナルが、排気ガス化合物を考慮したそれぞれの終了基準で生じる濃度曲線の最も高い勾配を有する一方で、できるだけ小さい貯蔵材料を使用するように配置されるべきであることを特徴とする、排気ガス後処理システム。
- 構成材料(1)及び構成材料(2)の双方が、同一の貯蔵材料を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 構成材料(1)及び構成材料(2)の双方が、少なくとも1つの触媒的に活性のある機能を有することを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載のシステム。
- 構成材料(1)及び構成材料(2)が、同一の反応を触媒作用することを特徴とする、請求項1から3までのいずれか1項に記載のシステム。
- 前記構成材料(2)における貯蔵容量が、構成材料(2)の下流の漏出シグナルが、排気ガス化合物を考慮したそれぞれの終了基準で生じる濃度曲線の最も高い勾配を有する一方で、できるだけ小さい貯蔵材料を使用するように配置されるべきであることを特徴とする、請求項1から4までのいずれか1項に記載のシステムの製造方法。
- 内燃機関の排気ガスを精製するための、請求項1から4までのいずれか1項に記載のシステムの使用。
- a)排気ガスが、構成材料(1)を介して導入され、そして続いて構成材料(2)を通過し、
b)排気ガス中に存在する、SOx、NOx、NH3、O2、HC、H2Sを含有する群から選択される化合物の濃度の測定又はモデリングを、構成材料(2)の下流で実施し、かつ
c)測定を、貯蔵された目標値に達する場合に、ECUによって開始する、
請求項6に記載の使用。 - 前記貯蔵された目標値が、濃度、質量流量、累積質量、空気/燃料比及びラムダ値を含む群から選択された値であることを特徴とする、請求項7に記載の使用。
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PCT/EP2010/005109 WO2011023332A1 (en) | 2009-08-28 | 2010-08-20 | Exhaust-gas aftertreatment system with catalytically active wall-flow filter with storage function upstream of catalytic converter with identical storage function |
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US (1) | US8475753B2 (ja) |
EP (2) | EP2924257B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2013503284A (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101726580B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN102482971B (ja) |
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RU2012111978A (ru) | 2013-10-20 |
EP2924257A1 (en) | 2015-09-30 |
KR101726580B1 (ko) | 2017-04-13 |
CN102482971A (zh) | 2012-05-30 |
EP2924257B1 (en) | 2016-05-25 |
KR20120053504A (ko) | 2012-05-25 |
CN102482971B (zh) | 2014-10-29 |
RU2542159C2 (ru) | 2015-02-20 |
BR112012004378A8 (pt) | 2016-10-04 |
EP2470758B1 (en) | 2015-05-06 |
US20120148464A1 (en) | 2012-06-14 |
US8475753B2 (en) | 2013-07-02 |
BR112012004378A2 (pt) | 2016-03-15 |
WO2011023332A1 (en) | 2011-03-03 |
EP2470758A1 (en) | 2012-07-04 |
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