JP6842921B2 - 三元触媒及びscr触媒を有する、ガソリン燃焼エンジン用触媒システム - Google Patents
三元触媒及びscr触媒を有する、ガソリン燃焼エンジン用触媒システム Download PDFInfo
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- JP6842921B2 JP6842921B2 JP2016557051A JP2016557051A JP6842921B2 JP 6842921 B2 JP6842921 B2 JP 6842921B2 JP 2016557051 A JP2016557051 A JP 2016557051A JP 2016557051 A JP2016557051 A JP 2016557051A JP 6842921 B2 JP6842921 B2 JP 6842921B2
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- catalyst
- way catalyst
- engine
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- scr
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 180
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 67
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 65
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 64
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 46
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 23
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 23
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 21
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 12
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 239000001272 nitrous oxide Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 10
- UNYSKUBLZGJSLV-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;1,3,5,2,4,6$l^{2}-trioxadisilaluminane 2,4-dioxide;dihydroxide;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2].O=[Si]1O[Al]O[Si](=O)O1.O=[Si]1O[Al]O[Si](=O)O1 UNYSKUBLZGJSLV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 9
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052676 chabazite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 8
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- -1 placeodym oxide Chemical compound 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 6
- PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nd+3].[Nd+3] PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001657 ferrierite group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002000 scavenging effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- RMAKSEQFVRNWKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;cerium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Zn+2].[Ce+3] RMAKSEQFVRNWKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052680 mordenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002898 organic sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical class S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052815 sulfur oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TWQHGBJNKVFWIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-[4-(4-quinolin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl)butyl]-8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione Chemical compound C1C(=O)N(CCCCN2CCN(CC2)C=2N=C3C=CC=CC3=CC=2)C(=O)CC21CCCC2 TWQHGBJNKVFWIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000505 Al2TiO5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017119 AlPO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical compound O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- GHTGICGKYCGOSY-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminum silicon(4+) phosphate Chemical compound [Al+3].P(=O)([O-])([O-])[O-].[Si+4] GHTGICGKYCGOSY-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- OQDJKSVVHFVCAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-H dialuminum;diphosphate Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O OQDJKSVVHFVCAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010534 mechanism of action Effects 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003455 mixed metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AABBHSMFGKYLKE-SNAWJCMRSA-N propan-2-yl (e)-but-2-enoate Chemical compound C\C=C\C(=O)OC(C)C AABBHSMFGKYLKE-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002468 redox effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011214 refractory ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003682 vanadium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9431—Processes characterised by a specific device
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
- B01D53/945—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC] characterised by a specific catalyst
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9459—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
- B01D53/9477—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on separate bricks, e.g. exhaust systems
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/44—Palladium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/46—Ruthenium, rhodium, osmium or iridium
- B01J23/464—Rhodium
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/101—Three-way catalysts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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Description
i)エンジンに近接して配置された三元触媒と、
ii)車両の床下に配置され、NH3吸蔵能を有する、SCR触媒と、
iii)SCR触媒の下流に配置された追加の三元触媒と、を備え、
SCR触媒の下流に配置された追加の三元触媒は、エンジンに近接して配置された三元触媒より小さい酸素吸蔵能(mg/L Cat)を有する、ことにより、誰もが非常に容易に、不利なく目的を解決することができる。有害ガスを低減するための、上記に示したシステム配置を選択し、エンジンに近接して配置した三元触媒よりも低い酸素吸蔵能容量を有する下流の三元触媒備え付けることによって、1次排気ガス成分である、HC、CO、及びNOxの改善した低減を、一方で達成することができる(図9を参照)。しかしながら、驚くべきことに、この種のシステムはまた、2次排出物の亜酸化窒素(N2O)及びアンモニア(NH3)の排出量に関連した、抜本的に改善した結果を生む(図3〜図6を参照)。
実施例1
最新の従来技術に従って、セラミック基体を、図2に示す異なる触媒のウォッシュコートでコーティングした。その後、車両における160,000kmの走行距離をシミュレートするために、エンジンに近接して配置した触媒を、エンジンテストベンチ上でZDAKWエイジング処理により、エイジングした。エイジングは、オーバーラン時の燃料カットオフの規則的段階に基づいて決まり、その後、一時的にリーンな排気ガス組成物を用いて、床温を1000℃超に上昇させた。これらの条件では、酸素吸蔵材料及び貴金属に不可逆的な損傷をもたらすことになる。低温の排気ガスにより、800℃の床温で、床下の触媒をエイジングした。実際の2.0L4気筒を適用した極めて動的なエンジンテストベンチ上で、動的FTP−75ドライビングサイクルを用いて、これら触媒に関して、引き続きテストを実施した(図2を参照)。テストを実施するにあたり、床下の触媒コンバータの床温が400℃を超過しないように、床下触媒からエンジンに近接して配置した触媒までの距離を選択した。連続的なモード解析を用いて、THC、CO、及びNOxの汚染物質濃度を測定した。FTIR測定法を用いて、亜酸化窒素及びアンモニアを測定した。テスト完了後、モード濃度(modal concentration)を積算し、生じた汚染物質塊の質量を、現行の米国法に基づき秤量した。結果を図3及び図4に示す。システム1と比較して、システム3及びシステム4は、窒素酸化物の排出量においてかなり有利であることを示している。しかしながら、システム4は、アンモニア及び亜酸化窒素の排出量が著しく低いという点で、システム3とは異なる。
最新の従来技術に従って、セラミック基体を、図2に示す異なる触媒のウォッシュコートでコーティングした。その後、車両における160,000kmの走行距離をシミュレートするために、エンジンに近接して配置した触媒を、エンジンテストベンチ上でZDAKWエイジング処理により、エイジングした。エイジングは、オーバーラン時の燃料カットオフの規則的段階に基づいて決まり、その後、一時的にリーンな排気ガス組成物を用いて、床温を1000℃超に上昇させた。これらの条件では、酸素吸蔵材料及び貴金属に不可逆的な損傷をもたらすことになる。低温の排気ガスにより、800℃の床温で、床下の触媒をエイジングした。実際のガソリン直噴1.4L4気筒ターボを適用した、動的FTP−75ドライビングサイクルを用いて、これら触媒に関して、引き続きテストを実施した(図2を参照)。直列配列における、床下触媒からエンジンに近接して配置した触媒までの距離は、約110cmであった。FTP−75の各段階の排気ガスは、CVSシステムに、3つの異なるバッグ内に、収集された。テスト完了後、バッグを、現行の米国法に基づき分析及び秤量した。連続的なFTIR測定法を用いて、亜酸化窒素及びアンモニアを測定した。テスト完了後、濃度を積算し、バッグに生じた汚染物質塊を、現行の米国法に基づきバッグの結果と同様に秤量した。結果を図5及び図6に示す。システム1及びシステム2と比較して、システム3は、汚染物質のTHC、CO、及びNOxにおいて有利であることを示している。更に、他のシステム1及び2と比較して、システム3は、アンモニア及び亜酸化窒素の排出量が著しく低いという点で異なる。
最新の従来技術に従って、セラミック基体を、図2に示す異なる触媒のウォッシュコートでコーティングした。その後、車両における160,000kmの走行距離をシミュレートするために、エンジンに近接して配置した触媒を、エンジンテストベンチ上でZDAKWエイジング処理により、エイジングした。エイジングは、オーバーラン時の燃料カットオフの規則的段階に基づいて決まり、その後、一時的にリーンな排気ガス組成物を用いて、床温を1000℃超に上昇させた。これらの条件では、酸素吸蔵材料及び貴金属に不可逆的な損傷をもたらすことになる。低温の排気ガスにより、800℃の床温で、床下の触媒をエイジングした。SCR触媒の下流に配置した、3種類の異なる三元触媒について調査した。2つのエントリー1及び2は、エンジンに近接して配置した三元触媒よりも、触媒体積1リットル当たりのmg数で計算して同等又は高い酸素吸蔵能を有する、SCR触媒の下流に配置した三元触媒を含んでいる。しかしながら、本発明のエントリー3では、SCR触媒の下流に配置した三元触媒は、エンジンに近接して配置した三元触媒よりも、低い酸素吸蔵能を有する。実際の2.0L 4気筒を適用した極めて動的なエンジンテストベンチ上で、動的FTP−75ドライビングサイクルを用いて、これら触媒に関して、引き続きテストを実施した(図2を参照)。床下の触媒コンバータの床温が400℃を超過しないように、床下触媒からエンジンに近接して配置した触媒までの距離を選択した(図7を参照)。連続的なモード解析を用いて、THC、CO、及びNOxの汚染物質濃度を測定した。テスト完了後、モード濃度を積算し、生じた汚染物質塊を、現行の米国法に基づき秤量した。結果を図9に示す。システム1及びシステム2と比較して、本発明のシステム3は、より低い排出量を示している。
Claims (5)
- ガソリン燃焼エンジンを有する車両からの有害な排気ガスを低減するための触媒システムであって、
i)前記エンジンに近接して配置された三元触媒と、
ii)前記車両の床下に配置され、NH3吸蔵能を有する、SCR触媒と、
iii)前記SCR触媒の下流に配置された追加の三元触媒と、をこの順番で有し、
前記SCR触媒の下流に配置された前記追加の三元触媒の、触媒体積1リットル当たりのmg単位の酸素吸蔵能は、前記エンジンに近接した前記三元触媒より小さく、
前記三元触媒の最上層と、前記追加の三元触媒の最上層とが、触媒活性金属としてパラジウム及びロジウムを含み、
前記エンジンに近接して配置された前記三元触媒が、前記触媒システムの全酸素吸蔵能の70%以上を占め、
前記三元触媒と、前記追加の三元触媒は、それぞれ、順に積み重なっている2種類の異なる触媒コーティングを有し、
前記三元触媒のベース層は、触媒活性金属としてパラジウムのみを有し、
前記追加の三元触媒のベース層は、触媒活性金属としてパラジウムのみを有し、酸素吸蔵材料を有さず、
前記三元触媒と、前記SCR触媒と、前記追加の三元触媒は、それぞれ、フロースルーモノリス上に支持されていることを特徴とする、触媒システム。 - 前記三元触媒の最上層と、前記追加の三元触媒の最上層とが、酸素吸蔵材料を有することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の触媒システム。
- 前記SCR触媒は、酸素吸蔵材料を有しないことを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の触媒システム。
- 前記エンジンに近接した前記三元触媒と前記SCR触媒との間の距離は、駆動動作中、前記SCR触媒の温度が400℃を超えないように選択されることを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のうちの一項以上に記載の触媒システム。
- ガソリン燃焼エンジンを有する車両からの有害な排気ガスを低減するためのプロセスであって、
前記排気ガスは、駆動動作中、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載のシステムに誘導されることを特徴とする、プロセス。
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-
2014
- 2014-03-13 DE DE102014204682.3A patent/DE102014204682A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2015
- 2015-03-11 WO PCT/EP2015/055061 patent/WO2015135983A1/de active Application Filing
- 2015-03-11 US US15/124,481 patent/US10022672B2/en active Active
- 2015-03-11 JP JP2016557051A patent/JP6842921B2/ja active Active
- 2015-03-11 EP EP15709181.0A patent/EP3116630B1/de active Active
- 2015-03-11 CN CN201580013578.3A patent/CN106102870B/zh active Active
- 2015-03-11 KR KR1020167028207A patent/KR102404833B1/ko active IP Right Grant
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Publication number | Publication date |
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KR20160132091A (ko) | 2016-11-16 |
DE102014204682A1 (de) | 2015-10-01 |
CN106102870A (zh) | 2016-11-09 |
US20170014766A1 (en) | 2017-01-19 |
EP3116630B1 (de) | 2018-06-06 |
EP3116630A1 (de) | 2017-01-18 |
KR102404833B1 (ko) | 2022-06-07 |
WO2015135983A1 (de) | 2015-09-17 |
JP2017515030A (ja) | 2017-06-08 |
JP2020034001A (ja) | 2020-03-05 |
US10022672B2 (en) | 2018-07-17 |
CN106102870B (zh) | 2020-02-07 |
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