JP2018520125A - 疾患の処置のためのエキソソームの使用 - Google Patents
疾患の処置のためのエキソソームの使用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
(1.発明の分野)
本発明は、一般に、医薬および腫瘍学の分野に関する。より詳細には、本発明は、治療の方法におけるエキソソームの使用に関する。
エキソソームは、身体の全ての細胞によって放出される、エンドソーム起源の、脂質二重層を有する小さな(40〜150nm)膜小胞である(Kowalら、2014年;El-Andaloussiら、2013年;Theryら、2002年)。エキソソームは、タンパク質、脂質、mRNA、マイクロRNA(miRNA)およびゲノムDNAを含有する(Valadiら、2007年;Peinadoら、2012年;Lugaら、2012年;Kahlertら、2014年)。リポソームおよび他の合成薬物ナノ粒子担体とは異なり、エキソソームは、エンドサイトーシスおよび/またはレシピエント細胞の原形質膜との直接融合を増強し、したがって、カーゴ送達を増強する可能性がある多くの膜貫通タンパク質および膜アンカータンパク質を含有する(Marcusら、2013年;van den Boornら、2013年;Johnsenら、2014年)。エキソソーム天然原形質膜様のリン脂質組成物(細胞質側のホスファチジルセリンおよびコレステロールを含む)ならびに膜結合タンパク質組成物も、循環からのクリアランスを低減すること(一部において、食作用に関してオプソニンとマクロファージによって認識される凝固および補体因子との相互作用を欠くことにより)および免疫原性応答を最小化することにより、合成ナノ粒子(例えば、リポソームなど)と比較して優れた全身循環中での安定性をもたらす(Claytonら、2003年;van der Meelら、2014年;Gomes-da-Silvaら、2012年)。これらの特徴により、合成ナノ粒子をin vivoで使用する場合に観察される細胞傷害効果も最小限になる可能性がある(Simoesら、2005年)。最後に、エキソソームの生成に関与するエンドソームおよび細胞間小胞輸送機構もレシピエント細胞により取り込まれるエキソソームにおいて使用され得、それにより、おそらくカーゴの放出(およびRNAi遺伝子サイレンシング機構への組み入れ)が増強され、その結果、任意の治療剤(例えば、遺伝子を標的とするもの)の有効性が強化される。最近の試験により、療法のためのRNAi担体としてのエキソソームの有効性が評価され、また、エキソソームの全身性の注射により、siRNAを脳内に送達することが可能になり、それにより、標的遺伝子のロバストな下方制御が導かれることが示された(Cooperら、2014年;Alvarez-Ervitiら、2011年)。さらに、ヒト血漿由来エキソソームによってもレシピエント細胞へのRNAi送達が可能になることが報告されており(Wahlgrenら、2012年)、それにより、標的細胞における遺伝子発現を改変するためのRNAi送達におけるそれらの潜在的な治療的有用性が支持される。
KRASにおける一塩基多様性(KrasG12D/R/V変異)が膵臓腫瘍の96%までにもおいて見いだされており(Changら、2014年)、Kras変異は、膵臓の悪性転換を駆動し、維持する初期の新生物事象であると考えられる(Yingら、2012年;Collinら、2012年;Collinsら、2012年;Smakmanら、2005年)。ナノ粒子を使用した、Kras発現および下流のシグナル伝達のRNAiに基づく標的化により、肺癌および結腸直腸癌モデルにおける腫瘍量が低減することが最近報告された(Pecotら、2014年;Yuanら、2014年;Xueら、2014年)。発癌性Krasの特異的標的化に焦点を当てる試みとは異なり、これらの手法では、慎重な投薬およびモニタリングが必要になる細胞傷害効果が誘導される可能性がある。発癌性Krasの特異的標的化は、膵癌の異種移植モデルにおける電気穿孔(Rejibaら、2007年)またはバイオポリマー埋め込み(Zorde Khvalevskyら、2013年)による送達に限定されている。治療剤または診断剤を送達するための改善された手法が必要である。
癌を処置するための送達系として、操作されたリポソームおよびエキソソームを使用する方法および薬物が提供される。
現行の標準治療にもかかわらず、膵管腺癌(PDAC)の生存期間中央値は転移性の患者について6カ月であり、5年後に生存するのはたった6.7%である(Siegelら、2014年;Howladerら、2013年)。したがって、PDACには、有効な新しい療法が緊急に必要とされている。PDACの遺伝子解析から、低分子GTPアーゼのRASファミリーにおける変異(KrasG12/D/R/V)が患者の70%〜96%に生じ(Biankinら、2012年;Hrubanら、1993年;Almogueraら、1988年;Changら、2014年)、腫瘍成長および転移の重要な駆動体である(Yingら、2012年;Hingoraniら、2005年;Collinsら、2012年a;Collinsら、2012年b;Eserら、2014年)ことが示されている。マウスにおける遺伝子操作により、発癌性KRASを弱めることにより、腫瘍の進行が逆転することが示されている(Yingら、2012年;Collinsら、2012年a;Collinsら、2012年b;Smakmanら、2005年)。発癌性KRASシグナル伝達およびRAS活性の増大は、膵臓新生物(pancreas neoplasia)の開始駆動体として現れた(Collinsら、2012年a;Eserら、2014年;Jiら、2009年);しかし、RASは処理しにくい標的であり、療法課題のままである(Gysinら、2011年)。本発明では、正常な線維芽細胞に由来するエキソソームを、標的発癌性KRASG12Dに対するRNA干渉(RNAi)ペイロードを有するように操作する。KrasG12Dに対する、TTにリンクしたsiRNAまたはshRNAを含有するエキソソームは、癌細胞に効率的に侵入し、発癌性Rasを特異的に抑制し、ERK活性化を低下させ、増殖を阻害し、癌細胞アポトーシスを誘導した。KrasG12D標的化カーゴを伴うエキソソームの全身送達により、si/shRNAを含有するリポソームおよびスクランブルされたRNAi構築物を有するエキソソームと比較して、ロバストな膵臓局在化、ならびに、以前に確立された同所性ヒト膵臓腫瘍ならびに膵臓癌の遺伝子操作されたマウスモデル(GEMM)における腫瘍抑制が、生存の改善と共に示される。si/shRNAを含有するエキソソームを用いて処置したマウスの腫瘍では、下流のRASシグナルメディエーターの有意な低減および通常の膵臓組織学的検査を用いた病理組織学的所見の改善が示された。ヒト線維芽細胞に由来するエキソソームにより、PDAC GEMMにおけるマウス線維芽細胞に由来するエキソソームと同様の有効性が示され、したがって、潜在的な毒性の副作用を最小化しながら効率的なRNAi送達を可能するために、患者特異的エキソソームの必要はない可能性があることが示唆される。そのような戦略により、オフターゲットの効果を最低限にしながら発癌性遺伝子発現および下流のシグナル伝達を抑制するための新規かつ効率的な手段がもたらされる。
一部の実施形態では、脂質に基づくナノ粒子は、リポソーム、エキソソーム、脂質調製物、または、脂質に基づく小胞(例えば、DOTAP:コレステロール小胞)などの別の脂質に基づくナノ粒子である。脂質に基づくナノ粒子は、正に荷電したものであっても、負に荷電したものであっても中性のものであってもよい。
「リポソーム」は、封入された脂質二重層または凝集体の生成によって形成される種々の単層脂質ビヒクルおよび多重層脂質ビヒクルを包含する一般的な用語である。リポソームは、一般にリン脂質を含む二分子膜と、一般に水性組成物を含む内部の媒体とを有する小胞構造を有すると特徴付けることができる。本明細書で提示されるリポソームは、単層リポソーム、多重層リポソーム、および多胞体リポソームを含む。本明細書で提示されるリポソームは、正に荷電したもの、負に荷電したもの、または中性に荷電したものであり得る。ある特定の実施形態では、リポソームの電荷は中性である。
「微小胞」および「エキソソーム」という用語は、本明細書で使用される場合、直径(または粒子が球状でない場合には最大寸法)が約10nmから約5000nmの間、より一般には30nmから1000nmの間、最も典型的には約50nmから750nmの間の膜様粒子を指し、エキソソームの膜の少なくとも一部は、細胞から直接得られる。最も一般的には、エキソソームのサイズ(平均直径)は、ドナー細胞のサイズの最大5%である。したがって、特に意図されているエキソソームとして、細胞から発せられるものが挙げられる。
1日目に、十分な細胞(例えば、約5百万個の細胞)を、T225フラスコ中、10%FBSを含有する培地に、次の日に細胞が約70%集密になるように播種する。2日目に、細胞上の培地を吸引し、細胞をPBSで2回洗浄し、次いで、基本培地(すなわち、PenStrepまたはFBSを含まない)25〜30mLを細胞に添加する。細胞を24〜48時間インキュベートする。48時間インキュベートすることが好ましいが、一部の細胞株は、無血清培地に対してより感受性が高く、したがって、インキュベーション時間を24時間に減少させるべきである。FBSは、NanoSightの結果を重度に歪めるエキソソームを含有することに留意されたい。
まず、血清試料を氷上で解凍する。次いで、無細胞血清試料250μLを11mLのPBS中に希釈し、0.2μmのポアフィルターを通して濾過する。希釈試料を4℃、150,000×gで終夜、超遠心分離する。次の日に、上清を慎重に廃棄し、エキソソームペレットを11mLのPBSで洗浄する。第2ラウンドの超遠心分離を4℃、150,000×gで2時間にわたって実施する。最後に、上清を慎重に廃棄し、エキソソームペレットを分析のために100μLのPBSに再懸濁させる。
1×108個のエキソソーム(NanoSight分析により測定)または100nmのリポソーム(例えば、Encapsula Nano Sciencesから購入したもの)と1μgのsiRNA(Qiagen)またはshRNAを電気穿孔緩衝液(1.15mMのリン酸カリウム、pH7.2、25mMの塩化カリウム、21%Optiprep)400μL中で混合する。4mmのキュベットを使用してエキソソームまたはリポソームに電気穿孔する(例えば、Alvarez-Ervitiら、2011年;El-Andaloussiら、2012年を参照されたい)。電気穿孔後、エキソソームまたはリポソームをプロテアーゼフリーRNAseで処理し、その後、10×濃縮したRNase阻害剤を添加する。最後に、エキソソームまたはリポソームを上記の通り超遠心分離法の下でPBSを用いて洗浄する。
本発明の方法を使用したがん細胞由来エキソソームの検出、単離、および特徴付けは、がんの予後の評価において、および疾患の再発を導き得る治療失敗を早期検出するための治療有効性のモニタリングにおいて有用である。さらに、本発明に従ったがん細胞由来エキソソーム分析により、治療過程が完了している前駆症状性患者における早期再発の検出が可能になる。これは、がん細胞由来エキソソームの存在が、ある期間にわたって腫瘍の進行および拡散、療法に対する不十分な応答、疾患の再発、および/または生存の減少に伴う、かつ/または相関する可能性があるので、可能である。したがって、がん細胞由来エキソソームの数え上げおよび特徴付けにより、患者を、療法に対する応答に基づいて最初のリスクおよびその後のリスクを予測するベースライン特性について層別化する方法がもたらされる。
A/B/A B/A/B B/B/A A/A/B A/B/B B/A/A A/B/B/B B/A/B/B
B/B/B/A B/B/A/B A/A/B/B A/B/A/B A/B/B/A B/B/A/A
B/A/B/A B/A/A/B A/A/A/B B/A/A/A A/B/A/A A/A/B/A
多種多様な化学療法剤を本発明に従って使用することができる。「化学療法」という用語は、がんを治療するための薬物の使用を指す。「化学療法剤」とは、がんの治療において投与される化合物または組成物を示すために使用される。これらの薬剤または薬物は、細胞内でのそれらの活性の様式、例えば、それらが細胞周期に影響を及ぼすかどうか、およびどの段階に影響を及ぼすかによってカテゴリー化される。あるいは、薬剤は、DNAと直接架橋結合する能力、DNAにインターカレートする能力、または核酸合成に影響を及ぼすことによって染色体異常および有糸分裂異常を誘導する能力に基づいて特徴付けることができる。
DNA損傷を引き起こすものであり、広範囲にわたって使用されている他の因子としては、一般に、γ線、X線、および/または放射性同位元素の腫瘍細胞への指向性送達として公知のものが挙げられる。マイクロ波、陽子線照射(米国特許第5,760,395号および同第4,870,287号)、およびUV照射などの他の形態のDNA損傷性因子も意図されている。これらの因子は全て、DNA、DNAの前駆体、DNAの複製および修復、ならびに染色体の集合および維持に対する広範囲の損傷に影響を及ぼす可能性が最も高い。X線の線量範囲は、長期間(3〜4週間)にわたって50〜200レントゲンの1日線量から、2000〜6000レントゲンの単回線量までにわたる。放射性同位元素の投与量範囲は広範に変動し、同位元素の半減期、放出される放射線の強度および型、および腫瘍性細胞による取り込みに左右される。
追加的な免疫療法を本発明の方法と組み合わせてまたは併せて使用することができることが当業者には理解されよう。がん治療の文脈において、免疫療法薬は、一般に、がん細胞を標的化し破壊する免疫エフェクター細胞および分子の使用に依拠する。リツキシマブ(Rituxan(登録商標))がそのような例である。免疫エフェクターは、例えば、腫瘍細胞の表面上のいくつかのマーカーに特異的な抗体であってよい。抗体は、単独では、療法のエフェクターとしての機能を果たし得る、または他の細胞を動員して実際に細胞死滅に影響を及ぼし得る。抗体はまた、薬物または毒素(化学療法薬、放射性核種、リシンA鎖、コレラ毒素、百日咳毒素など)とコンジュゲートすることもでき、ただ単に標的化薬剤として機能する。あるいは、エフェクターは、腫瘍細胞標的と直接または間接的に相互作用する表面分子を有するリンパ球であってよい。種々のエフェクター細胞として、細胞傷害性T細胞およびNK細胞が挙げられる。
がんを有する人のおよそ60%が、予防的外科手術、診断的または病期分類外科手術、治癒的外科手術、および待機的外科手術を含めた、何らかの型の外科手術を受ける。治癒的外科手術は、がん性組織の全部または一部を物理的に除去する、切り取る、および/または破壊する切除を含み、本発明の治療、化学療法、照射療法、ホルモン療法、遺伝子療法、免疫療法、および/または代替療法などの他の療法と併せて使用することができる。腫瘍の切除とは、腫瘍の少なくとも一部を物理的に除去することを指す。腫瘍の切除に加えて、外科手術による治療としては、レーザー外科手術、冷凍外科、電気外科、および顕微鏡下手術(モース手術)が挙げられる。
他の薬剤を本発明のある特定の態様と組み合わせて使用して、治療の有効性を改善することができることが意図されている。これらの追加的な薬剤としては、細胞表面受容体およびギャップ結合の上方制御に影響を及ぼす薬剤、細胞増殖抑制剤および分化誘導剤(differentiation agent)、細胞接着阻害剤、過剰増殖性細胞のアポトーシス誘導因子への感受性を上昇させる薬剤、または他の生物学的薬剤が挙げられる。ギャップ結合の数を増加させることによる細胞間シグナル伝達の増加により、近くの過剰増殖性細胞集団に対する抗過剰増殖効果が増大する。他の実施形態では、細胞増殖抑制剤または分化誘導剤を本発明のある特定の態様と組み合わせて使用して、治療の抗過剰増殖の有効性を改善することができる。細胞接着阻害剤により本発明の有効性を改善することが意図されている。細胞接着阻害剤の例は、接着斑キナーゼ(FAK)阻害剤およびロバスタチンである。さらに、抗体c225などの、過剰増殖性細胞のアポトーシスに対する感受性を増大させる他の薬剤を本発明のある特定の態様と組み合わせて使用して、治療有効性を改善することができることが意図されている。
組換えタンパク質、阻害性RNA、および/または小分子薬物を発現するか、または含むエキソソームを、局所進行性または転移性癌を有する癌患者における腫瘍細胞成長を阻害するため、および、最も好ましくは、癌細胞を死滅させるために、全身的にまたは局所的に投与することができることが意図されている。当該エキソソームは、静脈内、くも膜下腔内、および/または腹腔内に投与することができる。当該エキソソームを、単独で、または抗増殖薬と組み合わせて投与することができる。一実施形態では、当該エキソソームを、外科手術または他の手順の前に、患者における癌負荷量を減少させるために投与することができる。あるいは、当該エキソソームを、残りの癌(例えば、外科手術により排除することができなかった癌)のいずれも生存しないことを確実にするために、外科手術後に投与することができる。
本発明のある特定の態様では、治療用タンパク質をコードする核酸配列または治療用タンパク質を含有する融合タンパク質をコードする核酸配列が開示され得る。どんな発現系を使用するかに応じて、核酸配列を従来の方法に基づいて選択することができる。例えば、それぞれの遺伝子またはその改変体は、ある特定の系において発現させるためにコドン最適化することができる。目的のタンパク質を発現させるために、種々のベクターを使用することもできる。例示的なベクターとしては、これだけに限定されないが、プラスミドベクター、ウイルスベクター、トランスポゾン、またはリポソームに基づくベクターが挙げられる。
一部の実施形態は、組換えタンパク質およびポリペプチドに関する。特定の実施形態は、少なくとも1つの治療的活性を示す組換えタンパク質またはポリペプチドに関する。一部の実施形態では、組換えタンパク質またはポリペプチドは、治療用抗体であってよい。一部の態様では、治療用抗体は、細胞内タンパク質に特異的または選択的に結合する抗体であってよい。別の態様では、タンパク質またはポリペプチドを、血清中での安定性が増大するように修飾することができる。したがって、本出願で「改変タンパク質」または「改変ポリペプチド」の機能または活性に言及する場合、これは、例えば、修飾されていないタンパク質またはポリペプチドに対して追加的な利点を有するタンパク質またはポリペプチドを含むことが当業者には理解されよう。「改変タンパク質」に関する実施形態は、「改変ポリペプチド」について実施され得、逆もまた同じであることが明確に意図されている。
本発明の種々の態様では、体液または組織培養培地からエキソソームを精製するために必要な成分を含有するキットが構想される。他の態様では、エキソソームを単離し、それに治療用核酸、治療用タンパク質、または治療用タンパク質をコードする核酸をトランスフェクトするために必要な成分を含有するキットが構想される。さらに他の態様では、エキソソームを単離し、単離されたエキソソーム内の癌細胞由来エキソソームに特異的なマーカーの存在を決定するために必要な成分を含有するキットが構想される。
以下の実施例は、本発明の好ましい実施形態を実証するために含まれる。以下の実施例に開示されている技法は、本発明者により、本発明の実施においてよく機能することが発見された技法であり、したがって、それを実施するための好ましい方式を構成するとみなすことができることが当業者には理解されるべきである。しかし、当業者は、本開示に照らして、開示されている特定の実施形態に多くの変更を行うことができ、それでもなお、本発明の主旨および範囲から逸脱することなく同様または類似の結果が得られることを理解するべきである。
エキソソームの単離および精製。エキソソームを、以前に記載されている通り分画遠心分離プロセスによって精製した(Alvarez-Ervitiら、2011年;El-Andaloussiら、2012年)。エキソソーム枯渇FBSを含有する培地で48時間培養した細胞から上清を採取し、その後、800gで5分、および2000gで10分の逐次的な遠心分離ステップに供した。次いで、これにより得られた上清を、培養ビン中で0.2μmのフィルターを使用して濾過し、SW 32 Ti ローターにおいて28,000gで2時間にわたって超遠心分離(Beckman)した後にペレットを回収した。上清を吸引し、ペレットをPBSに再懸濁させ、その後、さらに2時間にわたって超遠心分離した。次いで、精製されたエキソソームを分析し、実験手順に使用した。
阻害性RNAを含有するエキソソームの抗腫瘍性
siRNAおよびshRNA構築物を、KrasG12Dを特異的に標的とするように設計した。
CD47により、循環単球によるエキソソームの取り込みが妨げられる
循環単球は、リポソーム(100nm;Encapsula Nanosciencesから購入)を貪食するが、エキソソームは貪食しないことが見いだされた(図8A〜8B)。BJ線維芽細胞から単離されたエキソソームは、それらの表面にCD47を含むことが見いだされたが(図9Aおよび9C)、リポソームは、それらの表面にCD47を欠くことが決定された(図9B)。エキソソームを抗CD47抗体で処理することにより、in vivoにおける循環単球による、エキソソームの取り込みが刺激されることが見いだされた(図10)。
以下の参考文献は、本明細書に記載されている事項を補足する例示的な手続き上のまたは他の詳細をもたらす範囲で、参照により本明細書に具体的に組み込まれる。
Claims (45)
- 脂質に基づくナノ粒子と賦形剤とを含む医薬組成物であって、前記脂質に基づくナノ粒子がその表面にCD47を含み、かつ前記脂質に基づくナノ粒子が治療剤を含む、医薬組成物。
- 前記脂質に基づくナノ粒子が、リポソームまたはエキソソームである、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記エキソソームが、CD47を過剰発現している細胞から単離される、請求項2に記載の組成物。
- 前記エキソソームが、線維芽細胞から単離される、請求項2に記載の組成物。
- 前記リポソームが、単層リポソームである、請求項2に記載の組成物。
- 前記リポソームが、多重層リポソームである、請求項2に記載の組成物。
- 前記治療剤が、治療用タンパク質、抗体、阻害性RNA、または小分子薬物である、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記抗体が、細胞内抗原に結合する、請求項7に記載の組成物。
- 前記抗体が、全長抗体、scFv、Fab断片、(Fab)2、ダイアボディ、トリアボディ、またはミニボディである、請求項7に記載の組成物。
- 前記阻害性RNAが、siRNA、shRNA、miRNA、またはpre−miRNAである、請求項7に記載の組成物。
- 前記治療用タンパク質が、キナーゼ、ホスファターゼ、または転写因子である、請求項7に記載の組成物。
- 前記小分子薬物が、イメージング剤である、請求項7に記載の組成物。
- 非経口投与用に製剤化されている、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 静脈内注射、筋肉内注射、皮下注射、または腹腔内注射用に製剤化されている、請求項13に記載の組成物。
- 抗菌剤をさらに含む、請求項13に記載の組成物。
- 前記抗菌剤が、塩化ベンザルコニウム、塩化ベンゼトニウム、ベンジルアルコール、ブロノポール、セトリミド、塩化セチルピリジニウム、クロルヘキシジン、クロロブタノール、クロロクレゾール、クロロキシレノール、クレゾール、エチルアルコール、グリセリン、ヘキセチジン、イミド尿素、フェノール、フェノキシエタノール、フェニルエチルアルコール、硝酸フェニル水銀、プロピレングリコール、またはチメロサールである、請求項15に記載の組成物。
- それを必要とする患者における疾患を治療する方法であって、請求項1から16のいずれか一項に記載の組成物を前記患者に投与するステップであって、それにより、前記患者における前記疾患を治療するステップを含む方法。
- 前記疾患が、癌である、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記治療剤が、発癌遺伝子を標的とする阻害性RNAである、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記阻害性RNAが、KrasG12Dを標的とする、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記治療剤が、腫瘍抑制因子タンパク質である、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも第2の療法を前記患者に投与することをさらに含む、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記第2の療法が、外科療法、化学療法、放射線療法、寒冷療法、ホルモン療法、または免疫療法を含む、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 前記患者が、ヒトである、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 患者における疾患の治療に使用するための、脂質に基づくナノ粒子と賦形剤とを含む組成物であって、前記脂質に基づくナノ粒子がその表面にCD47を含み、前記脂質に基づくナノ粒子が治療剤を含む、組成物。
- 前記疾患が、癌である、請求項25に記載の組成物。
- 前記治療剤が、発癌遺伝子を標的とする阻害性RNAである、請求項26に記載の組成物。
- 前記阻害性RNAが、KrasG12Dを標的とする、請求項27に記載の組成物。
- 前記治療剤が、腫瘍抑制因子タンパク質である、請求項26に記載の組成物。
- 非経口投与用に製剤化されている、請求項25に記載の組成物。
- 静脈内注射、筋肉内注射、皮下注射、または腹腔内注射用に製剤化されている、請求項30に記載の組成物。
- 抗菌剤をさらに含む、請求項30に記載の組成物。
- 前記抗菌剤が、塩化ベンザルコニウム、塩化ベンゼトニウム、ベンジルアルコール、ブロノポール、セトリミド、塩化セチルピリジニウム、クロルヘキシジン、クロロブタノール、クロロクレゾール、クロロキシレノール、クレゾール、エチルアルコール、グリセリン、ヘキセチジン、イミド尿素、フェノール、フェノキシエタノール、フェニルエチルアルコール、硝酸フェニル水銀、プロピレングリコール、またはチメロサールである、請求項32に記載の組成物。
- 少なくとも第2の療法をさらに含む、請求項25に記載の組成物。
- 前記第2の療法が、外科療法、化学療法、放射線療法、寒冷療法、ホルモン療法、または免疫療法を含む、請求項34に記載の組成物。
- 前記患者が、ヒトである、請求項25に記載の組成物。
- 疾患を治療するための医薬品の製造における、脂質に基づくナノ粒子の使用であって、かつ前記脂質に基づくナノ粒子がその表面にCD47を含み、前記脂質に基づくナノ粒子が治療剤を含む、使用。
- 前記疾患が、癌である、請求項37に記載の使用。
- 前記治療剤が、発癌遺伝子を標的とする阻害性RNAである、請求項38に記載の使用。
- 前記阻害性RNAが、KrasG12Dを標的とする、請求項39に記載の使用。
- 前記治療剤が、腫瘍抑制因子タンパク質である、請求項38に記載の使用。
- 前記医薬品が、非経口投与用に製剤化されている、請求項37に記載の使用。
- 前記医薬品が、静脈内注射、筋肉内注射、皮下注射、または腹腔内注射用に製剤化されている、請求項42に記載の使用。
- 前記医薬品が、抗菌剤を含む、請求項37に記載の使用。
- 前記抗菌剤が、塩化ベンザルコニウム、塩化ベンゼトニウム、ベンジルアルコール、ブロノポール、セトリミド、塩化セチルピリジニウム、クロルヘキシジン、クロロブタノール、クロロクレゾール、クロロキシレノール、クレゾール、エチルアルコール、グリセリン、ヘキセチジン、イミド尿素、フェノール、フェノキシエタノール、フェニルエチルアルコール、硝酸フェニル水銀、プロピレングリコール、またはチメロサールである、請求項44に記載の使用。
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US10959952B2 (en) | 2015-06-10 | 2021-03-30 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Use of exosomes for the treatment of disease |
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JP2024023853A (ja) | 2024-02-21 |
JP2021107463A (ja) | 2021-07-29 |
EP3307890A1 (en) | 2018-04-18 |
AU2016275046B2 (en) | 2022-07-28 |
MA45481A (fr) | 2018-04-18 |
IL256175A (en) | 2018-02-28 |
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AU2016275046A1 (en) | 2018-01-04 |
KR20180017119A (ko) | 2018-02-20 |
MX2017015962A (es) | 2018-07-06 |
WO2016201323A1 (en) | 2016-12-15 |
BR112017026467A2 (pt) | 2018-09-11 |
CN113694075A (zh) | 2021-11-26 |
HK1251257A1 (zh) | 2019-01-25 |
US10959952B2 (en) | 2021-03-30 |
CA2988585A1 (en) | 2016-12-15 |
EA201890006A1 (ru) | 2018-05-31 |
CN107980004A (zh) | 2018-05-01 |
NZ738149A (en) | 2024-02-23 |
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