JP2014185090A - リポソーム−エキソソームハイブリッドベシクル及びその調製法 - Google Patents
リポソーム−エキソソームハイブリッドベシクル及びその調製法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2014185090A JP2014185090A JP2013060148A JP2013060148A JP2014185090A JP 2014185090 A JP2014185090 A JP 2014185090A JP 2013060148 A JP2013060148 A JP 2013060148A JP 2013060148 A JP2013060148 A JP 2013060148A JP 2014185090 A JP2014185090 A JP 2014185090A
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Abstract
【解決手段】生理活性物質を内包するリポソームとエキソソームを複合化してなる、リポソーム−エキソソームハイブリッドベシクル。
【選択図】図1
Description
項1. 生理活性物質を内包するリポソームとエキソソームを複合化してなる、リポソーム−エキソソームハイブリッドベシクル。
項2. 生理活性物質がタンパク質、核酸または薬物である項1に記載のベシクル。
項3. 前記リポソームがカチオン性リポソームである、項1又は2に記載のベシクル。
項4. 前記ベシクルがsiRNAを含む、項1〜3のいずれかに記載のベシクル。
項5. 項1〜4のいずれかに記載のベシクルからなる物質導入用担体。
項6. 項5に記載のベシクルからなる生理活性物質の導入剤。
項7. 生理活性物質を内包するリポソームとエキソソームを混合し、凍結・融解工程に供することを特徴とする、項1〜4のいずれかに記載のリポソーム−エキソソームハイブリッドベシクルの調製法。
項8. 生理活性物質を内包するカチオン性リポソームとエキソソームを混合し、複合化させることを特徴とする、項1〜4のいずれかに記載のリポソーム−エキソソームハイブリッドベシクルの調製法。
項9. 生理活性物質を内包するリポソームとエキソソームを混合し、ポリエチレングリコール(PEG)及び/又はPEG-脂質により複合化させることを特徴とする、項1〜4のいずれかに記載のリポソーム−エキソソームハイブリッドベシクルの調製法。
リポソームの構成成分としては、リン脂質、コレステロール類、PEGで修飾されたリン脂質、PEGで修飾されたコレステロール類などが挙げられる。
また、ポリエチレングリコール(PEG)で修飾された(PEG鎖を有する)コレステロール類として、Cholesterol-PEG, mPEG(メトキシPEG)- Cholesterol(PEGの分子量、1000, 2000, 5000,10000,20000, 30000, 40000)を使用することができる。
リン脂質:10〜100重量部、好ましくは30〜100重量部、より好ましくは70〜100重量部、
コレステロール類:0〜50重量部、好ましくは0〜30重量部、より好ましくは10〜20重量部。
カチオン性脂質:0〜80重量部、好ましくは10〜70重量部、より好ましくは30〜70重量部
である。
<実験方法>
1. 凍結融解法による膜融合
1.1実験手法
1.1.1. 試薬
DOPS [1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine]
Rhodamine-DHPE [Lissamine rhodamine B 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, triethylammonium salt]
NBD-DHPE [N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)- 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn- glycero-3- phosphoethanolamine, triethylammonium salt]
GelStar(登録商標)
クロロホルム:メタノール=2:1溶液に溶解したDOPSに、NBD-DHPEとRhodamine-DHPEが1%になるように添加し、アルゴンガス環流下で溶媒を蒸発させて脂質フィルムを作成した。作成した脂質フィルムにPBSバッファーを150μL加えて37℃で5分静置し、ボルテックスミキサーで撹拌した後エクストリューダーで100 nmのフィルターにかけてSUVを作成した。この時のDOPSの最終濃度が50 mMになるようにした。無色素のSUVも同様に作成し、コントロール実験に供した。
K562細胞(ヒト白血病細胞株)、1.0~2.0×106個/mLの濃度でエキソソーム不含有培地(FBS由来のエキソソームを取り除いた培地)に懸濁し、15時間培養した後、細胞懸濁液を回収し、1000 rpmで10分遠心後、上清を回収しさらに12000g, 4℃で30分間遠心した。この上清を回収し100000g, 4℃で2時間遠心した。上清を捨て、5 mLのPBSを入れ、100000g, 4℃で2時間遠心した。遠心後、上清を捨てPBSで沈殿を再懸濁しK562由来エキソソーム懸濁液を得た。
膜を透過しない核酸染色剤を封入したSUVをエキソソームに複合化させることで、内部溶液混合によるRNA検出を行った。150 μLで30 mM DOPSになる脂質フィルムに、37℃に暖めておいたGelStar(登録商標)10 μLとPBS140 μLを加え、5分程度37℃で膨潤させ、ボルテックスミキサーで撹拌した後、エクストリューダーで100 nmフィルターに通してSUVを作成した。その後、SUVを精製し、余剰色素を除去した。K562 エキソソーム(Lot32) 1.3 μgと、最終濃度が42.3 μMのDOPSsuv (including 9000x GelStar(登録商標))を混合し、蛍光強度を測定した。混合後に液体窒素で完全に固化した後室温にて20分以上静置した凍結融解法で処理したものの蛍光強度も測定した。また、コントロールとして、GelStar(登録商標)10 μLとPBS140 μLをゲル濾過したものを同じ要領用いたもので同様の実験を行なった。
最終濃度4 μMのDOPSsuv (1% NBD-PE, Rhodamine-PE) と50 μL中でタンパク質量5. 3 μgになるようにK562エキソソームを混合し、液体窒素で完全に固化と室温で完全に融解させることを15回繰り返して蛍光強度を測定した。
DIOとR18で共染色したエキソソーム(150 μg/mL)10 μLに、100 μMのリポソーム溶液を90 μL加え、液体窒素中で完全に固化し、37 ℃のヒートブロックにて溶解を5回繰り返す毎にサンプルの蛍光強度と粒子径の測定を行なった。また、同様にして作成したサンプルにTRITONX-100を1%添加し、完全に脂質混合が起こった条件での緑色の蛍光強度を100%とした時の各回数での蛍光強度を%としてFRET解消効率2(図4)を求めた。蛍光強度の変化で見る限り、Raw-エキソソームとリポソームは、凍結融解を30回繰り返すことにより60%程度脂質混合し、複合化が起こっていることが示唆された。
2.1実験手法
2.1.1. 試薬
DOPC [1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine],
EPC [1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-ethylphosphocholine]
DIO[3,3'-dioctadecyloxacarbocyanine perchlorate],
R18 [Octadecyl Rhodamine B Chloride],
クロロホルム:メタノール=2:1溶液に溶解したDOPCとEPCを目的比で混合し、DIOが1%になるように添加し、アルゴンガス環流下で溶媒を蒸発させて脂質フィルムを作成した。作成した脂質フィルムに100 μLの294 mMグルコース及び10 mM KCl溶液を加え室温で一晩静置し、GLを作成した。この時のDOPCとEPCの最終濃度が1 mMになるようにした。
1.1.3. と同様に抽出したK562エキソソームを使用した。R18をDMSOに溶解し、最終濃度がエキソソームのリン脂質濃度の1%程度になるように加えた。そのとき、系に加わるDMSOの量は5%以下になるようにした。色素とエキソソームを混合した後、氷上で1時間静置し、カラムを用いて余剰色素を除去した。
プレパラート上で緑色の蛍光色素であるDIOで染色したGL100 μM(lipid)溶液と赤色の色素であるR18で染色したエキソソーム溶液0.1 μg/μL(protein)を等量混合してレーザー共焦点顕微鏡[LSM]観察を行なった。その結果、時間とともに、リポソーム表面が厚くなることがわかり、カチオン性脂質であるEPC含有量が低い場合には、厚くなった部分が緑色で観察された(図7)。リポソームの表面にエキソソームが吸着したハイブリット体が得られた。
細胞やリポソームの複合化誘起剤として古典的に用いられているポリエチレングリコールを用いたリポソームとエキソソームの複合化を試みた。今回はPEG6000を用いて実験を行なった。
3.1.1. 試薬
DOPC [1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine],
DOPS [1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine]
DIO[3,3'-dioctadecyloxacarbocyanine perchlorate],
R18 [Octadecyl Rhodamine B Chloride],
クロロホルム:メタノール=2:1溶液に溶解したDOPSに、NBD-PEとRhodamine-PEが1%になるように添加し、アルゴンガス環流下で溶媒を蒸発させて脂質フィルムを作成した。作成した脂質フィルムにPBSバッファーを150 μL加えて37℃で5分静置し、ボルテックスミキサーで撹拌した後エクストリューダーで100 nmのフィルターにかけてSUVを作成した。この時のDOPSの最終濃度が50 mMになるようにした。無色素のSUVも同様に作成し、コントロール実験に供した。
1.1.3. と同様に抽出したRawエキソソームを使用した。
2.1.3.と同様にDIOとR18で共染色したエキソソーム(150 μg/mL)10 μLに、PEGと脂質濃度にして90 μM分のDOPCsuvあるいはDOPSsuv溶液を加え、蛍光強度と粒子径の測定を行なった。
蛍光強度測定の結果、PEGの濃度が高くなるにしたがって緑色の蛍光強度が増加し、脂質成分の混合が起こっていることが分かった(図9, 10)。
濃度が40%で顕著にサイズが大きくなり、複合化が生じていることが示唆された(図11)。
Claims (9)
- 生理活性物質を内包するリポソームとエキソソームを複合化してなる、リポソーム−エキソソームハイブリッドベシクル。
- 生理活性物質がタンパク質、核酸または薬物である請求項1に記載のベシクル。
- 前記リポソームがカチオン性リポソームである、請求項1又は2に記載のベシクル。
- 前記ベシクルがsiRNAを含む、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載のベシクル。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載のベシクルからなる物質導入用担体。
- 請求項5に記載のベシクルからなる生理活性物質の導入剤。
- 生理活性物質を内包するリポソームとエキソソームを混合し、凍結・融解工程に供することを特徴とする、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載のリポソーム−エキソソームハイブリッドベシクルの調製法。
- 生理活性物質を内包するカチオン性リポソームとエキソソームを混合し、複合化させることを特徴とする、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載のリポソーム−エキソソームハイブリッドベシクルの調製法。
- 生理活性物質を内包するリポソームとエキソソームを混合し、ポリエチレングリコール(PEG)及び/又はPEG-脂質により複合化させることを特徴とする、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載のリポソーム−エキソソームハイブリッドベシクルの調製法。
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