JP2018057255A - 車両動力補助システムおよび車両従動輪回生システム - Google Patents
車両動力補助システムおよび車両従動輪回生システム Download PDFInfo
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- JP2018057255A JP2018057255A JP2017106330A JP2017106330A JP2018057255A JP 2018057255 A JP2018057255 A JP 2018057255A JP 2017106330 A JP2017106330 A JP 2017106330A JP 2017106330 A JP2017106330 A JP 2017106330A JP 2018057255 A JP2018057255 A JP 2018057255A
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- vehicle
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- wheel
- motor generator
- driven wheel
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
- B60K7/0007—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor being electric
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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- B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
- B60K6/445—Differential gearing distribution type
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/48—Parallel type
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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- B60K6/52—Driving a plurality of drive axles, e.g. four-wheel drive
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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- B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
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- B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
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- B60L2220/42—Electrical machine applications with use of more than one motor
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Abstract
【解決手段】内燃機関等の主駆動源5と機械的に非連結である従動輪4を持つ車両に適用される。従動輪4が、走行補助用の電動発電機8が搭載された車輪用軸受31で支持される。前記電動発電機8は、ロータが車輪用軸受31の回転側輪に増減速手段を介することなく直固定される。電動発電機8が発電した回生電力を蓄電しその蓄電した電力を前記電動発電機8に給電する蓄電手段19を備える。
【選択図】図1
Description
そこで、特許文献2では、従動輪との間でのみ動力を伝達可能に設けられた電動発電機にのみ駆動電力を供給し、かつ、電動発電機からの回生電力のみ蓄える電源装置を備えることによって、上記問題の解決を提案している。
この発明の他の目的は、さらに、配線面および信頼性確保の面で優れるものとすることである。
この発明のさらに他の目的は、従動輪での回生制動、発電が行えて、制動性能、燃料消費量等の車両性能を向上させることができ、かつ部品点数の低減を図って構造を簡易化し、車両重量の増大も抑えることができる車両従動輪回生システムを提供することである。
なお、前記従動輪は前記電動発電機によって駆動されるが、補助的な駆動だけであり、また主駆動源と機械的に非連結である、従動輪と称した。
前記主駆動源は内燃機関のみ、または内燃機関と電動モータとの併用であっても良く、電動モータのみであっても良い。
また、車両の車速や走行抵抗等の走行状態に併せて電動発電機を駆動させることで、主駆動源を効率が良くなる回転数・トルクとなるように駆動でき、走行性能を向上させることができる。例えば、加速時に電動発電機の駆動力補助を行い、また定速走行やクルージング状態で電動発電機の駆動力の付加もしくは発電作用させることで、主駆動源を効率良く駆動でき、また適切な回生電力が得られる。特に、前記主駆動源が内燃機関(ガソリンエンジンやディーゼルエンジン)の場合、回転数やトルクによる効率の違いが大きく、前記電動発電機の駆動力補助を行うことによる主駆動源の効率向上の効果が大きい。
前記電動発電機は、車輪用軸受に搭載され、そのロータが車輪用軸受の回転側輪に増減速手段を介することなく固定されたダイレクトドライブ形式であるため、クラッチ、動力配分機構、ドライブシャフト等が不要であり、補助動力を与えるための構成が簡易で済み、車両重量の増加も抑えられる。
このように、走行性能、制動性能、燃料消費量等の車両性能を向上させることができるうえ、補助動力を与えるための構造が簡易で済む。
この構成の場合、走行レーンチェンジ等のための加速時や旋回時において、電動発電機を個々に制御することにより、より安定した走行が可能となる。
上位ECU10に前記個別電動発電機指令手段15を有することで、各電動発電機を個別に用いて上記走行レーンチェンジや旋回の支援をする制御が行い易い。
車両のアクセサリー部品を駆動する場合、電圧が高い方が電流が小さくて済み、配線の太さや被覆等の面で配線上好ましい。しかし、上位ECU10等の基幹電気部品は、長年使用されている12Vバッテリーを用いることが、信頼性の面から好ましい。また、バッテリーの電圧が高過ぎると、保守を行うときの感電の問題がある。このため、上位ECU10の電源となる12Vの低電圧バッテリー20とは別の中電圧バッテリー19を備え、基幹電気部品以外の電装補機類の電源として用いることが、配線面、信頼性確保の両面から望ましい。このような中電圧バッテリー19を備える場合、前記走行補助用の電動発電機8で回生発電や駆動に用いる電源は、前記中電圧バッテリー19を用いることが、配線等の面で優れる。なお、この明細書で「アクセサリー部品」とは、車両の電装部品のうち、走行に必須となる部品である基幹部品を除く部品を言う。
走行補助用の電動発電機がブレーキキャリパと車輪用軸受間に収まる容積であると、ナックル部の改造のみで、従来形式の車両の従動輪に簡単に取付けることができ、また車種を問わず取付けることができる。
低電圧負荷22に給電を行う低電圧バッテリー20と、
前記低電圧バッテリー20よりも蓄電電圧が高く、前記低電圧負荷22よりも高電圧の負荷である中電圧負荷23に給電を行う中電圧バッテリー19と、
前記低電圧バッテリー22と前記中電圧バッテリー19とを接続するコンバータ21と、
前記車両の従動輪の車輪用軸受に設けられ、前記中電圧バッテリー19と電気的に接続する電動発電機8とを備え、
前記電動発電機8は、前記従動輪の回転により回生を行い、前記中電圧バッテリー19に給電を行うとともに、前記中電圧バッテリー19からの給電により、前記従動輪を回転駆動することを特徴とする。
また、この構成の場合、低電圧バッテリー20とは別に中電圧バッテリー19を備え、低電圧負荷22は低電圧バッテリー20より、中電圧負荷23は中電圧バッテリー19より給電するため、車両に搭載される部品に応じて低電圧の部品とするか中電圧部品とするかを使い分けることができ、前記と同様に、配線面、および信頼性確保の面で優れる。
前記従動輪が車輪用軸受で支持され、前記従動輪の回転で発電を行う発電機が前記車輪用軸受に搭載され、前記発電機は、ロータが前記車輪用軸受の回転側輪に増減速手段を介することなく固定され、前記発電機が発電した回生電力を蓄電する蓄電手段を備える。
前記主駆動源は内燃機関のみ、または内燃機関と電動モータとの併用であってもよく、電動モータのみであってもよい。
従動輪用の車輪用軸受に発電機が搭載されるため、発電機を搭載するスペースを確保し易く、既存の車輪用軸受を大きく設計変形することなく発電機を設けることができる。これにより、車両従動輪回生システムの汎用性を高めることができる。
前記発電機は、車輪用軸受に搭載され、そのロータが車輪用軸受の回転側輪に増減速手段を介することなく固定されたダイレクトドライブ形式であるため、クラッチ、動力配分機構、ドライブシャフト等が不要である。このため、部品点数の低減を図って構造を簡易化し、車両重量の増大も抑えることができる。構造を簡易化できるため、コスト低減を図れる。また車両重量の増大を抑えることができるため、燃料消費量を抑制し得る。
また、図示の電動発電機8はアウターロータ式のIPMモータであるが、インナーロータ式でもよい。また、電動発電機8は、SPMモータ、IM、SRモータなど各種のモータとすることができる。コイルも、分布巻、集中巻のいずれでも良い。
(1) 制動時
今まで機械式ブレーキで熱変換していたエネルギーを、電動発電機8を発電機として、電動発電機8と電気的に接続している前記中電圧バッテリー19に電力を蓄え、制動力を発生させることにより、今まで捨てられていたエネルギーを回収することができる。
(2) 加速、定常走行時
主駆動源5に内燃機関(エンジン)5aを持つ車両2の場合、車両2の走行状態(車速、走行抵抗など)に併せて、エンジン効率が良くなる回転数・トルクとなるように電動発電機8を駆動させる。これにより、エンジン効率がよくなり、燃費改善に貢献できる。
例えば、加速時に電動発電機8の駆動力補助や定速走行やクルージング状態で駆動力付加もしくは発電作用させることができる。
(3) 走行性能の向上
レーンチェンジのための加速時や旋回時において、電動発電機8を個々に制御することにより、より安定した走行が可能となる。
(4) 低摩擦路面の走行
雨天時や雪道などの低摩擦路面での動き出しや停止の際、電動発電機8によりタイヤのトラクションを制御し、安定した走行が可能となる。路面に近いタイヤ4b内に電動発電機8を備えるため、応答性の良い操作性となる。回転検出装置45(図3参照)を備えており、車載のブレーキセンサなどを省略できる。
(5) 取付性
従来形式の一般的な内燃機関駆動の自動車において、足回りフレーム部品39の簡単な変更程の設計変更により、足回りフレーム部品39に取付けるだけの簡単な取付方法が採れる。
従動輪用の車輪用軸受31に発電機8が搭載されるため、発電機8を搭載するスペースを確保し易く、既存の車輪用軸受を大きく設計変形することなく発電機8を設けることができる。これにより、車両従動輪回生システム1の汎用性を高めることができる。
発電機8は、車輪用軸受31に搭載され、そのロータ42が車輪用軸受31の内輪(回転側輪)33に増減速手段を介することなく固定されたダイレクトドライブ形式であるため、クラッチ、動力配分機構、ドライブシャフト等が不要である。このため、部品点数の低減を図って構造を簡易化し、車両重量の増大も抑えることができる。構造を簡易化できるため、コスト低減を図れる。また車両重量の増大を抑えることができるため、燃料消費量を抑制し得る。
2…車両
3…駆動輪
4…従動輪
4a…ホイール
5…主駆動源
5a…内燃機関
5b…駆動輪側の電動発電機
8…従動輪側の電動発電機(発電機)
9…個別制御手段
10…上位ECU
13…トルク指令手段
14…トルク指令分配手段
15…個別電動発電機指令手段
19…中電圧バッテリー(蓄電手段)
20…低電圧バッテリー
21…DC/DCコンバータ
23…中電圧負荷(アクセサリー部品)
31…車輪用軸受
32…外輪
33…内輪
35…ブレーキ
37…ブレーキキャリパ
36…ブレーキロータ
39…足回りフレーム部品
41…ステータ
42…ロータ
45…回転検出装置
Claims (8)
- 駆動輪の走行駆動を行う主駆動源と機械的に非連結である従動輪を持つ車両において、前記従動輪が、この従動輪の回転で発電を行いかつ給電されることによって前記従動輪を回転駆動可能な走行補助用の電動発電機が搭載された車輪用軸受で支持され、前記電動発電機は、ロータが前記車輪用軸受の回転側輪に増減速手段を介することなく固定され、前記電動発電機が発電した回生電力を蓄電しその蓄電した電力を前記電動発電機に給電する蓄電手段を備える車両動力補助システム。
- 請求項1に記載の車両動力補助システムにおいて、前記主駆動源が内燃機関を含む車両動力補助システム。
- 請求項1または請求項2に記載の車両動力補助システムにおいて、前記車両が複数の従動輪に対して前記電動発電機を有し、各従動輪で個々に前記電動発電機を制御する複数の個別制御手段を備える車両動力補助システム。
- 請求項3に記載の車両動力補助システムにおいて、前記車両の統合制御を行う上位ECUに、前記各電動発電機の前記各個別制御手段に駆動および回生の制御を行わせる指令を出力する個別電動発電機指令手段を有する車両動力補助システム。
- 請求項1ないし請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の車両動力補助システムにおいて、前記車両が、この車両の統合制御を行う上位ECUの電源となる低電圧バッテリーと、この低電圧バッテリーよりも蓄電電圧が高くてアクセサリー部品の電源として用いられる中電圧バッテリーとを備え、前記電動発電機と接続された前記蓄電手段が前記中電圧バッテリーである車両動力補助システム。
- 請求項1ないし請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の車両動力補助システムにおいて、前記電動発電機が、前記車輪用軸受の前記回転輪に取付けられたブレーキロータの外周部に接するブレーキキャリパと前記車輪用軸受の外輪との間の径方向範囲に収まる車両動力補助システム。
- 車両の動力を補助する車両動力補助システムであって、
低電圧負荷に給電を行う低電圧バッテリーと、
前記低電圧バッテリーよりも蓄電電圧が高く、前記低電圧負荷よりも高電圧の負荷である中電圧負荷に給電を行う中電圧バッテリーと、
前記低電圧バッテリーと前記中電圧バッテリーとを接続するコンバータと、
前記車両の従動輪の車輪用軸受に設けられ、前記中電圧バッテリーと電気的に接続する電動発電機とを備え、
前記電動発電機は、前記従動輪の回転により回生を行い、前記中電圧バッテリーに給電を行うとともに、前記中電圧バッテリーからの給電により、前記従動輪を回転駆動することを特徴とする車両動力補助システム。 - 駆動輪の走行駆動を行う主駆動源と機械的に非連結である従動輪を持つ車両従動輪回生システムにおいて、
前記従動輪が車輪用軸受で支持され、前記従動輪の回転で発電を行う発電機が前記車輪用軸受に搭載され、前記発電機は、ロータが前記車輪用軸受の回転側輪に増減速手段を介することなく固定され、前記発電機が発電した回生電力を蓄電する蓄電手段を備える車両従動輪回生システム。
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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PCT/JP2017/033762 WO2018056270A1 (ja) | 2016-09-21 | 2017-09-19 | 車両動力補助システム |
EP17853042.4A EP3517343B1 (en) | 2016-09-21 | 2017-09-19 | Vehicle power assist system |
CN201780057810.2A CN109789802B (zh) | 2016-09-21 | 2017-09-19 | 车辆动力辅助系统 |
US16/358,842 US10836247B2 (en) | 2016-09-21 | 2019-03-20 | Vehicle power assist system |
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JP2016184294 | 2016-09-21 | ||
JP2016184294 | 2016-09-21 |
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US20190217696A1 (en) | 2019-07-18 |
CN109789802B (zh) | 2022-06-17 |
EP3517343A4 (en) | 2020-05-27 |
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US10836247B2 (en) | 2020-11-17 |
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