JP2017516054A - 車両用熱交換器チューブおよびそのようなチューブを備える車両用ラジエータ - Google Patents
車両用熱交換器チューブおよびそのようなチューブを備える車両用ラジエータ Download PDFInfo
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- JP2017516054A JP2017516054A JP2016564252A JP2016564252A JP2017516054A JP 2017516054 A JP2017516054 A JP 2017516054A JP 2016564252 A JP2016564252 A JP 2016564252A JP 2016564252 A JP2016564252 A JP 2016564252A JP 2017516054 A JP2017516054 A JP 2017516054A
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- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- YVIMHTIMVIIXBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [SnH3][Al] Chemical compound [SnH3][Al] YVIMHTIMVIIXBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
- F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
- F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
- F24D11/02—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
- F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
- F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
- F28D1/05366—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
- F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
- F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
- F28D1/05366—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
- F28D1/05383—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators with multiple rows of conduits or with multi-channel conduits
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/02—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/02—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
- F28F1/022—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular with multiple channels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
- F28F9/04—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates
- F28F9/16—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling
- F28F9/18—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling by welding
- F28F9/185—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling by welding with additional preformed parts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/03—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits
- F28D1/0308—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits the conduits being formed by paired plates touching each other
- F28D1/0316—Assemblies of conduits in parallel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/008—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for vehicles
- F28D2021/0091—Radiators
- F28D2021/0094—Radiators for recooling the engine coolant
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/02—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
- F28F2001/027—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular with dimples
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2225/00—Reinforcing means
- F28F2225/04—Reinforcing means for conduits
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
- F28F3/04—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element
- F28F3/042—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element in the form of local deformations of the element
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (14)
- 内部強化構造を備える車両用熱交換器チューブであって、前記車両用熱交換器チューブ(2)は、前記チューブ(2)に沿って延在し、互いに平行であり、前記チューブ(2)の少なくとも一部に沿って延在する少なくとも一つの分離壁(18)によって互いから分離される少なくとも第一および第二の別個の流体流路(14、16)を備え、各流体流路(14、16)は、その幅(WC)よりも小さい、前記分離壁(18)の高さに平行な方向に測定される内部高さ(HC)を有し、前記第一の流路(14)は、第一の大表面(20)および対向する第二の大表面(22)を有し、前記第二の流路(16)は、第一の大表面(26)および対向する第二の大表面(28)を有し、
前記内部強化構造は、前記チューブ(2)の前記第一の流路(14)を補強する第一の補強部(40)および前記チューブ(2)の前記第二の流路(16)を補強する第二の補強部(42)を有するチューブスティフナ(38)であり、
前記チューブスティフナ(38)の前記第一および第二の補強部(40、42)は接合部(44)で互いに接合され、
前記第一の補強部(40)は、前記第一の流路(14)の前記第一の大表面(20)を支持する第一の支持面(46)と、前記第一の流路(14)の前記第二の大表面(22)を支持する第二の支持面(48)と、前記第一の支持面(46)を前記第二の支持面(48)に連結する中間部(52)と、を備え、
前記第二の補強部(42)は、前記第二の流路(16)の前記第一の大表面(26)を支持する第一の支持面(56)と、前記第二の流路(16)の前記第二の大表面(28)を支持する第二の支持面(58)と、前記第一の支持面(56)を前記第二の支持面(58)に連結する中間部(62)と、を備えた、車両用熱交換器チューブにおいて、
前記チューブ(2)は、前記分離壁(18)が中断した入口もしくは出口端部(10、34)が、前記第一および第二の流路(14、16)を前記端部(10、34)で互いに接触させ、前記チューブスティフナ(38)は、前記端部(10、34)に少なくとも部分的に受容されることを特徴とする、車両用熱交換器チューブ。 - 前記チューブスティフナ(38)の前記接合部(44)は、前記分離壁(18)の少なくとも一部を受容するための切り欠き(74)を設けられ、
前記チューブスティフナ(38)の前記第一の部分(40)は、前記第一の流路(14)に、その前記第一および第二の流路(14、16)が前記分離壁(18)によって互いから分離された部分に少なくとも部分的に延入し、
前記チューブスティフナ(38)の前記第二の部分(42)は、前記第二の流路(16)に、その前記流路(14、16)が前記分離壁(18)によって互いから分離された部分に少なくとも部分的に延入する、請求項1に記載のチューブ。 - 前記大表面(20、22、26、28)の少なくとも一つは表面構造(32)を設けられ、前記チューブ(2)の前記入口または出口端部(10、34)は、本質的にそのような表面構造(32)がない、請求項1−2のいずれか一項に記載のチューブ。
- 前記チューブ(2)に沿って見た前記チューブスティフナ(38)の全長(LTS)は、前記チューブ(2)の全長(LT)の20%未満である、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載のチューブ。
- 前記チューブスティフナ(38)は板金から作られ、
前記チューブスティフナ(38)の材料厚さ(MTS)は、前記第一および第二の流路(14、16)の、前記分離壁(18)の前記高さに平行な方向に測定される前記内部高さ(HC)の30%未満である、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載のチューブ。 - 前記第一の補強部(40)は、前記第一の流路(14)の前記第一および第二の大表面(20、22)を連結する端縁面(24)を支持する端縁支持面(54)を備え、前記第二の補強部(42)は、前記第二の流路(16)の前記第一および第二の大表面(26、28)を連結する端縁面(30)を支持する端縁支持面(64)を備える、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載のチューブ。
- 前記チューブスティフナ(38)は、前記第一および第二の流路(14、16)にろう付けされる、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載のチューブ。
- 少なくとも一つの第一の入口流路(78)が、前記スティフナ(38)の前記第一の部分(40)と前記第一の流路(14)の前記大表面(20、22)の一つとの間に形成され、少なくとも一つの第二の入口流路(80)が、前記スティフナ(38)の前記第二の部分(42)と前記第二の流路(16)の前記大表面(26、28)の一つとの間に形成される、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載のチューブ。
- 前記チューブスティフナ(38)は、前記チューブ(2)の内側に全て受容される、請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載のチューブ。
- 請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の少なくとも一つの車両用熱交換器チューブ(2)を備えることを特徴とする、車両用ラジエータ。
- 複数の車両用熱交換器チューブを備え、前記車両用熱交換器チューブ(2)の総数の50%未満がチューブスティフナ(38)を備える、請求項10に記載の車両用ラジエータ。
- 車両用熱交換器チューブを形成する方法であって、
前記チューブ(2)に沿って延在し、互いに平行であり、前記チューブ(2)の少なくとも一部に沿って延在する少なくとも一つの分離壁(18)によって互いから分離される少なくとも第一および第二の別個の流体流路(14、16)を備え、各流体流路(14、16)は、その幅(WC)よりも小さい、前記分離壁(18)の高さに平行な方向に測定される内部高さ(HC)を有し、前記第一の流路(14)は、第一の大表面(20)および対向する第二の大表面(22)を有し、前記第二の流路(16)は、第一の大表面(26)および対向する第二の大表面(28)を有する、チューブ(2)であって、前記分離壁(18)が中断した入口端部(10)および/または出口端部(34)を設けられるチューブ(2)を形成することと、
前記チューブ(2)の前記第一の流路(14)を補強することを意図された第一の補強部(40)および前記チューブ(2)の前記第二の流路(16)を補強することを意図された第二の補強部(42)を有するチューブスティフナ(38)であって、前記チューブスティフナ(38)の前記第一および第二の補強部(40、42)は接合部(44)で互いに接合されるチューブスティフナ(38)を形成することと、
前記第一の補強部(40)の第一の支持面(46)に、前記第一の流路(14)の前記第一の大表面(20)を支持させ、前記第一の補強部(40)の第二の支持面(48)に、前記第一の流路(14)の前記第二の大表面(22)を支持させ、および前記第二の補強部(42)の第一の支持面(56)に、前記第二の流路(16)の前記第一の大表面(26)を支持させ、前記第二の補強部(42)の第二の支持面(58)に、前記第二の流路(16)の前記第二の大表面(28)を支持させるために、前記チューブ(2)の前記端部(10、34)に前記チューブスティフナ(38)を挿入することと、を備える方法。 - 前記チューブスティフナ(38)を前記チューブ(2)に挿入するステップの後、前記チューブ(2)および前記チューブスティフナ(38)を、前記チューブスティフナ(38)を前記チューブ(2)に固定するためのろう付けのステップにさらすことをさらに備える、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記チューブスティフナ(38)に、その接合部(44)に切り欠き(74)を設けることをさらに備え、前記チューブスティフナ(38)は、前記中断した分離壁(18)の少なくとも一部が前記チューブスティフナ(38)の前記切り欠き(74)に受容されるまで、前記チューブ(2)の前記端部(10、34)に挿入される、請求項12または13に記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE1450474A SE539124C2 (sv) | 2014-04-22 | 2014-04-22 | Fordonsvärmeväxlarrör och fordonskylare innefattande sådant rör samt sätt att bilda ett fordonsvärmeväxlarrör |
SE1450474-0 | 2014-04-22 | ||
PCT/SE2015/050444 WO2015163808A1 (en) | 2014-04-22 | 2015-04-17 | Vehicle heat exchanger tube and vehicle radiator comprising such a tube |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JP2017516054A true JP2017516054A (ja) | 2017-06-15 |
JP6615118B2 JP6615118B2 (ja) | 2019-12-04 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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JP2016564252A Expired - Fee Related JP6615118B2 (ja) | 2014-04-22 | 2015-04-17 | 車両用熱交換器チューブおよびそのようなチューブを備える車両用ラジエータ |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US10145623B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP3134696B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6615118B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN106461338B (ja) |
BR (1) | BR112016024389B1 (ja) |
MX (1) | MX2016013732A (ja) |
SE (1) | SE539124C2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2015163808A1 (ja) |
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WO2018066123A1 (ja) * | 2016-10-07 | 2018-04-12 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 熱交換器 |
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- 2015-04-17 EP EP15782497.0A patent/EP3134696B1/en active Active
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- 2015-04-17 US US15/305,972 patent/US10145623B2/en active Active
- 2015-04-17 CN CN201580021083.5A patent/CN106461338B/zh active Active
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP6615118B2 (ja) | 2019-12-04 |
SE539124C2 (sv) | 2017-04-11 |
MX2016013732A (es) | 2017-04-27 |
BR112016024389B1 (pt) | 2020-12-29 |
EP3134696B1 (en) | 2021-01-13 |
EP3134696A4 (en) | 2017-12-27 |
US20170045305A1 (en) | 2017-02-16 |
WO2015163808A1 (en) | 2015-10-29 |
CN106461338B (zh) | 2019-05-03 |
EP3134696A1 (en) | 2017-03-01 |
SE1450474A1 (sv) | 2015-10-23 |
CN106461338A (zh) | 2017-02-22 |
BR112016024389A2 (pt) | 2017-08-15 |
US10145623B2 (en) | 2018-12-04 |
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