JP2017197023A - ハイブリッド車両 - Google Patents

ハイブリッド車両 Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2017197023A
JP2017197023A JP2016089640A JP2016089640A JP2017197023A JP 2017197023 A JP2017197023 A JP 2017197023A JP 2016089640 A JP2016089640 A JP 2016089640A JP 2016089640 A JP2016089640 A JP 2016089640A JP 2017197023 A JP2017197023 A JP 2017197023A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
clutch
engine
hybrid vehicle
motor generator
control device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP2016089640A
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English (en)
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JP6733288B2 (ja
Inventor
治雄 鈴木
Haruo Suzuki
治雄 鈴木
洋紀 瀬戸
Hiroki Seto
洋紀 瀬戸
亮 森本
Akira Morimoto
亮 森本
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Isuzu Motors Ltd
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Isuzu Motors Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by Isuzu Motors Ltd filed Critical Isuzu Motors Ltd
Priority to JP2016089640A priority Critical patent/JP6733288B2/ja
Priority to EP17789641.2A priority patent/EP3450275B1/en
Priority to US16/097,208 priority patent/US10696292B2/en
Priority to CN201780025561.9A priority patent/CN109070869B/zh
Priority to PCT/JP2017/016668 priority patent/WO2017188359A1/ja
Publication of JP2017197023A publication Critical patent/JP2017197023A/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP6733288B2 publication Critical patent/JP6733288B2/ja
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/40—Controlling the engagement or disengagement of prime movers, e.g. for transition between prime movers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K11/00—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units
    • B60K11/02—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units with liquid cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/28—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/13—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand in order to stay within battery power input or output limits; in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W30/19—Improvement of gear change, e.g. by synchronisation or smoothing gear shift
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    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/192—Mitigating problems related to power-up or power-down of the driveline, e.g. start-up of a cold engine
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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Abstract

【課題】従来よりもエンジンの暖機を促進することができるハイブリッド車両を提供する。
【解決手段】制御装置７０は、ハイブリッド車両が冷間時であるときは、湿式多板クラッチからなるエンジンクラッチ１４を断状態にして、高電圧バッテリー２４からモータージェネレーター２１に電力を供給して回転駆動させることで、エンジンクラッチ１４内のクラッチオイル８６を撹拌して昇温する制御を行う。
【選択図】図１

Description

本発明はハイブリッド車両に関し、更に詳しくは、従来よりもエンジンの暖機を促進したハイブリッド車両に関する。
近年、燃費向上及び環境対策などの観点から、車両の運転状態に応じて複合的に制御されるエンジン及びモータージェネレーターを有するハイブリッドシステムを備えたハイブリッド車両（以下「ＨＥＶ」という。）が注目されている。このＨＥＶにおいては、車両の加速時や発進時には、モータージェネレーターによる駆動力のアシストが行われる一方で、慣性走行時や制動時にはモータージェネレーターによる回生発電によりバッテリーの充電が行われる（例えば、特許文献１を参照）。
一般に、このＨＥＶにおけるエンジンとトランスミッションとは、湿式クラッチを介して接続されている。この湿式クラッチは、トランスミッションでの変速時に断接される。
特開２００２−２３８１０５号公報
しかしながら、冷間時にはクラッチオイルが低温となって粘性が増加するため、変速時の断接に伴うショックが大きくなって、ドライバビリティを損なうという問題がある。
本発明は、上記を鑑みてなされたものであり、その目的は、冷間時における湿式クラッチに起因する変速ショックを早期に低減することができるハイブリッド車両を提供することにある。
上記の目的を達成する本発明のハイブリッド車両は、エンジンクラッチを介して接続されたエンジン及びモータージェネレーターと、前記モータージェネレーターにモータークラッチを介して接続されたトランスミッションと、前記モータージェネレーターに電気的に接続するバッテリーと、前記モータージェネレーター及びバッテリーを有するハイブリッドシステムと、制御装置と、を備えたハイブリッド車両において、前記制御装置は、前記ハイブリッド車両が冷間時であるときは、前記エンジンクラッチを断状態にして、前記バッテリーから前記モータージェネレーターに電力を供給して回転駆動させるように構成されていることを特徴とするものである。
本発明のハイブリッド車両によれば、ハイブリッド車両が冷間時であるときは、エンジンクラッチを断状態にして、モータージェネレーターによりクラッチ内のプレートを回転させることで、クラッチオイルを撹拌して昇温させて暖機するようにしたので、湿式クラッチに起因する変速ショックを早期に低減することができる。
本発明の実施形態からなるハイブリッド車両の構成図である。 湿式多板クラッチの構造を示す断面図である。 本発明の実施形態からなるハイブリッド車両における制御装置の機能を説明するフロー図である。
以下に、本発明の実施の形態について、図面を参照して説明する。図１は、本発明の実施形態からなるハイブリッド車両を示す。
このハイブリッド車両（以下「ＨＥＶ」という。）は、普通乗用車又はバスやトラックなどの大型自動車であり、エンジン１０、モータージェネレーター２１及びトランスミッション３０と、運転状態に応じて車両を複合的に制御するハイブリッドシステム２０とを主に備えている。
エンジン１０においては、エンジン本体１１に形成された複数（この例では４個）の気筒１２内における燃料の燃焼により発生した熱エネルギーにより、クランクシャフト１３が回転駆動される。このエンジン１０には、ディーゼルエンジンやガソリンエンジンが用いられる。エンジン本体１１は、冷却水４６が循環するエンジン冷却回路４５により冷却される。
クランクシャフト１３の一端は、湿式多板クラッチからなるエンジンクラッチ１４を介してモータージェネレーター２１の回転軸２２の一端に接続されている。このエンジンクラッチ１４は、例えば図２に示すように、筒状のケース８０と、そのケース８０内に同軸で配置された筒状のハブ８１と、それらのケース８０とハブ８１との間に軸方向に沿って交互に複数配置された大径環状のセパレートプレート８２及び小径環状のフリクションプレート８３と、それらのセパレートプレート８２及びフリクションプレート８３を軸方向へ押圧可能な油圧式のピストン８４とを備えている。セパレートプレート８２はケース８０の内周面に、フリクションプレート８３はハブ８１の外周面に、それぞれ軸方向に移動可能に係合している。また、ケース８０とハブ８１との間は、ハブ８１に形成された供給口８５から供給されたクラッチオイル８６で満たされている。
ケース８０及びハブ８１のうちの一方がクランクシャフト１３に接続され、他方が回転軸２２に接続されている。エンジンクラッチ１４においては、ピストン８４がセパレートプレート８２及びフリクションプレート８３を軸方向へ押圧して互いに摩擦係合させると、ケース８０とハブ８１とが締結されて接状態になって動力が伝達される。その一方で、ピストン８４による押圧が解除されると、ケース８０とハブ８１とが解放されて断状態となって動力が遮断される。
モータージェネレーター２１には、発電運転が可能な永久磁石式の交流同期モーターが用いられている。このモータージェネレーター２１の回転軸２２の他端は、モータークラッチ１５（例えば、湿式多板クラッチなど）を通じて、トランスミッション３０のインプットシャフト３１に接続されている。
トランスミッション３０には、ＨＥＶの運転状態と予め設定されたマップデータとに基づいて決定された目標変速段へ自動的に変速するＡＭＴ又はＡＴが用いられている。なお、トランスミッション３０は、ＡＭＴのような自動変速式に限るものではなく、ドライバーが手動で変速するマニュアル式であってもよい。
トランスミッション３０で変速された回転動力は、アウトプットシャフト３２に接続されたプロペラシャフト３３を通じてデファレンシャル３４に伝達され、後輪である一対の駆動輪３５にそれぞれ駆動力として分配される。
ハイブリッドシステム２０は、モータージェネレーター２１と、そのモータージェネレーター２１に電気的に接続するインバーター２３、高電圧バッテリー２４、ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバーター２５及び低電圧バッテリー２６とを有している。
高電圧バッテリー２４としては、リチウムイオンバッテリーやニッケル水素バッテリーなどが好ましく例示される。また、低電圧バッテリー２６には鉛バッテリーが用いられる。
ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバーター２５は、高電圧バッテリー２４と低電圧バッテリー２６との間における充放電の方向及び出力電圧を制御する機能を有している。また、低電圧バッテリー２６は、各種の車両電装品２７に電力を供給する。
このハイブリッドシステム２０における種々のパラメータ、例えば、電力値やＳＯＣなどは、ＢＭＳ２８により検出される。
これらのエンジン１０及びハイブリッドシステム２０は、制御装置７０により制御される。具体的には、ＨＥＶの発進時や加速時には、ハイブリッドシステム２０は高電圧バッテリー２４から電力を供給されたモータージェネレーター２１により駆動力の少なくとも一部をアシストする一方で、慣性走行時や制動時においては、モータージェネレーター２１による回生発電を行い、プロペラシャフト３３等に発生する余剰の運動エネルギーを電力に変換して高電圧バッテリー２４を充電する。また、このＨＥＶは、エンジンクラッチ１４を断状態に、かつモータークラッチ１５を接状態にすることで、モータージェネレーター２１のみを駆動源とする、いわゆるモーター単独走行が可能となる。
このようなＨＥＶにおける制御装置７０の機能を、図２に基づいて以下に説明する。なお、制御装置７０は、信号線（一点鎖線で示す）を通じて、エンジンクラッチ１４、モータークラッチ１５、ＢＭＳ２８などの各部と接続している。
制御装置７０は、ＨＥＶの走行中又は停車中（アイドル中）に、エンジン冷却回路４５の冷却水４６の水温、クラッチオイル８６の油温及び外気温などから選ばれる少なくとも１つに基づいて、ＨＥＶが冷間時であるか否か、具体的にはエンジンクラッチ１４の暖機が必要であるか否かを判定する（Ｓ１０）。そして、制御装置７０は、ＨＥＶが冷間時であるときは、エンジンクラッチ１４を断状態にして（Ｓ２０）、高電圧バッテリー２４からモータージェネレーター２１に電力を供給して回転駆動させる（Ｓ３０）。これにより、エンジンクラッチ１４において、セパレートプレート８２又はフリクションプレート８３が回転軸２２に連れ回されて回転するので、クラッチオイル８６が撹拌されて昇温する。
なお、このとき、モータークラッチ１５は、ＨＥＶが走行中であるときは接状態であり、ＨＥＶはモーター単独走行状態となる。一方で、ＨＥＶが停車中であるときは、モータークラッチ１５は断状態であり、モータージェネレーター２１は空回し状態となる。
次に、制御装置７０は、ＢＭＳ２８を通じて取得した高電圧バッテリー２４のＳＯＣ値を、予め設定された下限ＳＯＣ値と比較する（Ｓ４０）。この高電圧バッテリー２４の下限ＳＯＣ値は、バッテリーの仕様から定められた推奨使用範囲の下限値であり、例えばリチウムイオンバッテリーの場合には約２０〜３０％の範囲の値となる。
そして、制御装置７０は、高電圧バッテリー２４のＳＯＣ値が下限ＳＯＣ値以下となったときは、エンジンクラッチ１４を接状態にして（Ｓ５０）、エンジン１０（モーター単独走行状態の時はエンジンを起動）の駆動力によりモータージェネレーター２１を回転駆動することで発電を開始させて高電圧バッテリー２４を充電する（Ｓ６０）。これにより、セパレートプレート８２及びフリクションプレート８３が共に回転するので、クラッチオイル８６が撹拌されて更に昇温する。
引き続いて制御装置７０は、高電圧バッテリー２４のＳＯＣ値を監視し（Ｓ７０）、そのＳＯＣ値が下限ＳＯＣ値超になったときはステップ２０に戻る。これにより、ステップ３０及びステップ６０において、再びクラッチオイル８６が撹拌されて昇温する。
このように、ＨＥＶが冷間時であるときは、湿式多板クラッチであるエンジンクラッチ１４を断状態にして、モータージェネレーター２１によりクラッチ内のプレート８２／８３を回転させることで、クラッチオイル８６を撹拌して昇温して暖機するようにしたので、湿式クラッチに起因する変速ショックを早期に低減することができるのである。
１０ エンジン
１４ エンジンクラッチ
１５ モータークラッチ
２０ ハイブリッドシステム
２１ モータージェネレーター
２４ 高電圧バッテリー
８２ セパレートプレート
８３ フリクションプレート
８６ クラッチオイル

Claims (4)

  1. エンジンクラッチを介して接続されたエンジン及びモータージェネレーターと、前記モータージェネレーターにモータークラッチを介して接続されたトランスミッションと、前記モータージェネレーターに電気的に接続するバッテリーと、前記モータージェネレーター及びバッテリーを有するハイブリッドシステムと、制御装置と、を備えたハイブリッド車両において、
    前記制御装置は、
    前記ハイブリッド車両が冷間時であるときは、前記エンジンクラッチを断状態にして、前記バッテリーから前記モータージェネレーターに電力を供給して回転駆動させるように構成されていることを特徴とするハイブリッド車両。
  2. 冷却水が循環するエンジン冷却回路を備え、
    前記制御装置は、前記冷却水の水温、前記エンジンクラッチのクラッチオイルの油温及び外気温から選ばれる少なくとも１つに基づいて、前記ハイブリッド車両が冷間時であることを判定する請求項１に記載のハイブリッド車両。
  3. 前記制御装置は、前記バッテリーのＳＯＣが予め設定された下限ＳＯＣ値以下となってときは、前記エンジンクラッチを接状態にして、前記エンジンで前記モータージェネレーターを回転駆動することで発電を開始させて、前記バッテリーを充電する請求項１又は２に記載のハイブリッド車両。
  4. 前記制御装置は、前記モータークラッチを接状態にして、前記ハイブリッド車両をモーター単独走行状態にする請求項１又は２に記載のハイブリッド車両。
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